scholarly journals Effects of order on memory of event times

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelangelo Naim ◽  
Mikhail Katkov ◽  
Misha Tsodyks
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Bayesian Theory ◽  
Relative Order ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Event Times

AbstractMemorizing time of an event may employ two processes (1) encoding of the absolute time of events within an episode, (2) encoding of its relative order. Here we study interaction between these two processes. We performed experiments in which one or several items were presented, after which participants were asked to report the time of occurrence of items. When a single item was presented, the distribution of reported times was quite wide. When two or three items were presented, the relative order among them strongly affected the reported time of each of them. Bayesian theory that takes into account the memory for the events order is compatible with the experimental data, in particular in terms of the effect of order on absolute time reports. Our results suggest that people do not deduce order from memorized time, instead people’s memory for absolute time of events relies critically on memorized order of the events.

scholarly journals Effects of Order on Memory of Event Times

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelangelo Naim ◽  
Mikhail Katkov ◽  
Misha Tsodyks
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Bayesian Theory ◽  
Relative Order ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Event Times

Abstract Memorizing time of an event may employ two processes (i) encoding of the absolute time of events within an episode, (ii) encoding of its relative order. Here we study interaction between these two processes. We performed experiments in which one or several items were presented, after which participants were asked to report the time of occurrence of items. When a single item was presented, the distribution of reported times was quite wide. When two or three items were presented, the relative order among them strongly affected the reported time of each of them. Bayesian theory that takes into account the memory for the events order is compatible with the experimental data, in particular in terms of the effect of order on absolute time reports. Our results suggest that people do not deduce order from memorized time, instead people’s memory for absolute time of events relies critically on memorized order of the events.

scholarly journals Effects of order on episodic memory of event times

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelangelo Naim ◽  
Mikhail Katkov ◽  
Misha Tsodyks
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Bayesian Theory ◽  
Relative Order ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Event Times

AbstractMemorizing time of an event may employ two processes (i) encoding of the absolute time of events within an episode, (ii) encoding of its relative order. Here we study interaction between these two processes. We performed experiments in which one or two items were presented, after which participants were asked to report the time of occurrence of items. When a single item was presented, the distribution of reported times was quite wide. When two items are presented, the relative order among them strongly affected the reported time of each of them. Bayesian theory that takes into account the memory for the events order is compatible with the experimental data, in particular in terms of the effect of order on absolute time reports. Our results suggest that people do not deduce order from memorized time, instead people’s memory for absolute time of events relies critically on memorized order of the events.

scholarly journals Albanian Aorist and Time Reference Points

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Muhamet Reçica ◽  
Naser Pajaziti
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporal Relations ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Temporal System ◽  
The Absolute

Topics related to the structure of the temporal system of Albanian language always give opportunities for new discussions to deal with certain aspects related to various forms of this system, and one of them is the aorist, as a tense containing many semantic, temporal, aspectual, stylistic values, etc. The relationships that exist between the verbal tenses in this system within the absolute time-relative time dimension, which relate to the independent or dependent use of temporal forms against one another in different discoursing contexts, make up an interpretation-based approach to interest. Hence, the essential objective of this paper will be specifically the relations of the Albanian aorist to the other verbal forms, always observed with a time reference point, to illuminate the character of these purely temporal relations against each other under all circumstances of the actions that take place and are displayed by verbal forms in different contexts, relying on the corpus of examined materials.

scholarly journals Comparison of U-Series and Radiocarbon Dates of Speleothems

Radiocarbon ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Goslar ◽  
Helena Hercman ◽  
Anna Pazdur
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Deviation ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Previous Suggestion ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Large Spread ◽  
The Absolute

The paper presents a comparison of U-series and radiocarbon dates of speleothems collected in several caves in central and southern Europe and southeast Africa. Despite a large spread of dates, mainly due to contamination with younger carbon, the group of corresponding 14C and 230Th/U ages of speleothem samples seems to be coherent with the previous suggestion of large deviation between the 14C and the absolute time scale between 35 and 45 ka BP. This agrees with the result of frequency analysis of published 14C and 230Th/U ages of speleothem.

scholarly journals Newton’s Scholium on Time, Space, Place and Motion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Rynasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Motion ◽  
Absolute Space ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
True Motion ◽  
Absolute Motion ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Absolute Quantity ◽  
Rotating Bucket

In the Scholium to the Definitions at the beginning of the Principia, Newton distinguishes absolute time, space, place, and motion from their relative counterparts. He argues that they are indeed ontologically distinct, in that the absolute quantity cannot be reduced to some particular category of the relative, as Descartes had attempted by defining absolute motion to be relative motion with respect to immediately ambient bodies. Newton’s rotating bucket experiment, rather than attempting to show that absolute motion exists, is one of five arguments from the properties, causes, and effects of motion. These arguments attempt to show that no such program can succeed, and thus that true motion can be adequately analyzed only by invoking immovable places, that is, the parts of absolute space.

THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF MOLTEN OXIDES

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Van Arkel ◽  
E. A. Flood ◽  
Norman F. H. Bright
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Molten State ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Molten Oxides

Electrical conductivities of some molten oxides have been determined. In order of decreasing equivalent conductances at their melting points the oxides investigated were: Li2O, PbO, TeO2, MoO3, Bi2O3, V2O5, Sb2O3, and CrO3. The variation of the observed values of the specific conductivities, K, with the absolute temperature, T, can be described by an equation of the form,[Formula: see text]where A, B, C, etc. are constants. While the experimental data are adequately described by an equation of this form containing only the constants A and B, a slightly better fit is obtained using three constants. The conductivities of the molten oxides follow a pattern of variation from element to element which is substantially the same as that of the molten halides. For elements giving more than one oxide stable in the molten state, the oxide corresponding to the highest state of valency has the lowest conductivity.

Experimental Validation of Flexible Multibody Dynamics Beam Formulations

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier A. Bauchau ◽  
Shilei Han ◽  
Aki Mikkola ◽  
Marko K. Matikainen ◽  
Johannes Gerstmayr
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation ◽  
Flexible Multibody Dynamics ◽  
Absolute Nodal Coordinate ◽  
Beam Elements ◽  
Beam Experiment ◽  
Geometrically Exact Beam ◽  
Cantilevered Beam ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Geometrically Exact Beam Formulation

In this paper, the accuracy of the geometrically exact beam formulation and absolute nodal coordinate formulation are studied by comparing their predictions against experimental data referred to as the “Princeton beam experiment.” The experiment deals with a cantilevered beam experiencing coupled flap, lag, and twist deformations. In the absolute nodal coordinate formulation, two different beam elements are used. The first is based on a shear deformable approach in which the element kinematics are described using two nodes. The second is based on a recently proposed approach in which three nodes are used. The numerical results for the geometrically exact beam formulation and the recently proposed three-node absolute nodal coordinate formulation agree well with the experimental data. The two-node beam element predictions are similarly to linear theory. This study suggests that the latest developments of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation must be used to ensure accuracy under complicated loading conditions involving by twist deformation.

scholarly journals Modified Lorentz transformations and quantum mechanics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Kwang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Lorentz Transformations ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Time Shape ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract We live in the 4-D Euclidean space. The 4th dimension is assigned as the absolute time (ct) axis and energy axis (cPt = E0) based on 4-dimensional Euclidean space. This 4th dimension can be indirectly felt through the observable relative time (ctl) and observable total energy (cPtl = E). The space-time distance is d(x1x2x3x4) = ctl. The modified Lorentz transformations are introduced by the time-matching of the absolute times in the 4-D Euclidean space. The size of x’ (or Dx’) of the moving object is expanded to the size of x = gx’ (or Dx = gDx’). These modified Lorentz transformations are approximated to the Lorentz transformations as t à tl when v/c << 1 and to the Galilean transformations as v/c is close to zero. The relative time (tl) and energy (E) are defined as the 4-dimensional distance and 4-dimensional volume, respectively. The geometrical space-time shape has the (x1,x2,x3,ct) coordinate system with the metric signature of (+ + + +) but not the (x1,x2,x3,ctl) coordinate system with the metric signature of (+ - - -). Therefore, d(x1x2x3x4)2 = (ctl)2 = (ct)2 +x2 = x12 + x22 + x32 + x42 and V(x1x2x3x4) = E = mc2 = D(ct)Dx1Dx2Dx3 from (x1,x2,x3,x4) of the geometrical space-time shape. The warped shape can be described as the wave function of the quantum mechanics. The instant force action, twin paradox and possible space travel are explained by the absolute time and wave function collapse of the modified Lorentz transformations and quantum mechanics.

Fra Ovidio e Brunetto, nel fiume del tempo

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Marcello Ciccuto
Keyword(s):  
Dante Alighieri ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Earthly Paradise

Abstract This article attempts to show how Dante Alighieri, in defining the image of humankind as inspired by values of innocence and harmony in an earthly paradise, draws a condition of defective beatitude just before a burst of even superior joy. So in the aim of outlining a beatitudo huius vitae still valid for a Christian Eden, the poet appeals to the text of Ovid’s Fasti through which in many occurrences he is building a harmonic image of human living that, in the shadow of forebears’ sin, only a future intervention of Grace will dispose for Dante’s words. Through exact allusive quotations, Dante opposes to the absolute time of Eden the idea of an imperfect time, tied to the pattern of an all-human knowledge, which Dante himself connected to the teaching and character of Brunetto Latini.

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