scholarly journals Albanian Aorist and Time Reference Points

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Muhamet Reçica ◽  
Naser Pajaziti
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporal Relations ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Temporal System ◽  
The Absolute

Topics related to the structure of the temporal system of Albanian language always give opportunities for new discussions to deal with certain aspects related to various forms of this system, and one of them is the aorist, as a tense containing many semantic, temporal, aspectual, stylistic values, etc. The relationships that exist between the verbal tenses in this system within the absolute time-relative time dimension, which relate to the independent or dependent use of temporal forms against one another in different discoursing contexts, make up an interpretation-based approach to interest. Hence, the essential objective of this paper will be specifically the relations of the Albanian aorist to the other verbal forms, always observed with a time reference point, to illuminate the character of these purely temporal relations against each other under all circumstances of the actions that take place and are displayed by verbal forms in different contexts, relying on the corpus of examined materials.

scholarly journals Modified Lorentz transformations and quantum mechanics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Kwang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Lorentz Transformations ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Time Shape ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract We live in the 4-D Euclidean space. The 4th dimension is assigned as the absolute time (ct) axis and energy axis (cPt = E0) based on 4-dimensional Euclidean space. This 4th dimension can be indirectly felt through the observable relative time (ctl) and observable total energy (cPtl = E). The space-time distance is d(x1x2x3x4) = ctl. The modified Lorentz transformations are introduced by the time-matching of the absolute times in the 4-D Euclidean space. The size of x’ (or Dx’) of the moving object is expanded to the size of x = gx’ (or Dx = gDx’). These modified Lorentz transformations are approximated to the Lorentz transformations as t à tl when v/c << 1 and to the Galilean transformations as v/c is close to zero. The relative time (tl) and energy (E) are defined as the 4-dimensional distance and 4-dimensional volume, respectively. The geometrical space-time shape has the (x1,x2,x3,ct) coordinate system with the metric signature of (+ + + +) but not the (x1,x2,x3,ctl) coordinate system with the metric signature of (+ - - -). Therefore, d(x1x2x3x4)2 = (ctl)2 = (ct)2 +x2 = x12 + x22 + x32 + x42 and V(x1x2x3x4) = E = mc2 = D(ct)Dx1Dx2Dx3 from (x1,x2,x3,x4) of the geometrical space-time shape. The warped shape can be described as the wave function of the quantum mechanics. The instant force action, twin paradox and possible space travel are explained by the absolute time and wave function collapse of the modified Lorentz transformations and quantum mechanics.

scholarly journals Subgame Perfect Equilibrium in the Rubinstein Bargaining Game with Loss Aversion

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongwei Feng ◽  
Chunqiao Tan
Keyword(s):  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Subgame Perfect Equilibrium ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Bargaining Game ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nash Bargaining ◽  
Perfect Equilibrium ◽  
High Share

Rubinstein bargaining game is extended to incorporate loss aversion, where the initial reference points are not zero. Under the assumption that the highest rejected proposal of the opponent last periods is regarded as the associated reference point, we investigate the effect of loss aversion and initial reference points on subgame perfect equilibrium. Firstly, a subgame perfect equilibrium is constructed. And its uniqueness is shown. Furthermore, we analyze this equilibrium with respect to initial reference points, loss aversion coefficients, and discount factor. It is shown that one benefits from his opponent’s loss aversion coefficient and his own initial reference point and is hurt by loss aversion coefficient of himself and the opponent’s initial reference point. Moreover, it is found that, for a player who has a higher level of loss aversion than the other, although this player has a higher initial reference point than the opponent, this player can(not) obtain a high share of the pie if the level of loss aversion of this player is sufficiently low (high). Finally, a relation with asymmetric Nash bargaining is established, where player’s bargaining power is negatively related to his own loss aversion and the initial reference point of the other and positively related to loss aversion of the opponent and his own initial reference point.

A Fuzzy Temporal System and its Characteristic Set Representation

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 383-389
Author(s):  
Guang Peng Hu ◽  
Hai Yang Huang
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Temporal Relations ◽  
Characteristic Set ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Temporal System ◽  
Random Events ◽  
Characteristic Sets ◽  
Composition Table ◽  
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Better Than

The probability that the starting points or ending points of time intervals of two random events are equal is zero. Hence, in order to improve the efficiency of temporal reasoning, We introduced Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle to delete the fifteen basic temporal relations that the probabilities they happen were zero from INDU temporal system. The other ten basic temporal relations that the probabilities they happen were greater than zero were reserved. We used the characteristic sets to represent the ten basic temporal relations and got a fuzzy temporal system--UINDU. We gave the composition table of UINDU. It simplified INDU greatly. The experiments showed that the efficiency of UINDU was better than INDU.

scholarly journals Synchronization-Free RadChat for Automotive Radar Interference Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6891
Author(s):  
Canan Aydogdu ◽  
Henk Wymeersch ◽  
Olof Eriksson ◽  
Hans Herbertsson ◽  
Mats Rydström
Keyword(s):  
Interference Mitigation ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Automotive Radar ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Radar Sensing

Automotive radar interference mitigation is expected to be inherent in all future ADAS and AD vehicles. Joint radar communications is a candidate technology for removing this interference by coordinating radar sensing through communication. Coordination of radars requires strict time synchronization among vehicles, and our formerly proposed protocol (RadChat) achieves this by a precise absolute time, provided by GPS clocks of vehicles. However, interference might appear if synchronization among vehicles is lost in case GPS is spoofed, satellites are blocked over short intervals, or GPS is restarted/updated. Here we present a synchronization-free version of RadChat (Sync-free RadChat), which relies on using the relative time for radar coordination, eliminating the dependency on the absolute time provided by GPS. Simulation results obtained for various use cases show that Sync-free RadChat is able to mitigate interference without degrading the radar performance.

scholarly journals Upper body rate of force development and maximal strength discriminates performance levels in sport climbing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249353
Author(s):  
Nicolay Stien ◽  
Vegard Albert Vereide ◽  
Atle Hole Saeterbakken ◽  
Espen Hermans ◽  
Matthew Peter Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
Sport Climbing ◽  
Time Periods

The aim of this study was to assess and compare the maximal force and rate of force development (RFD) between intermediate, advanced and elite climbers using several different methods for calculating RFD. Fifty-seven male climbers (17 intermediate, 25 advanced, and 15 elite) performed isometric pull-ups on a climbing-specific hold while the RFD was calculated using several absolute (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ms from onset of force) and relative time periods (25, 50, 75, 95, and 100% of time to peak force). The maximal force was higher among elite climbers compared to advanced (ES = 1.78, p < 0.001) and intermediate climbers (ES = 1.77, p < 0.001), while no difference was observed between intermediate and advanced climbers (P = 0.898). The elite group also showed higher RFD than the other two groups at all relative time periods (ES = 1.02–1.58, p < 0.001–0.002), whereas the absolute time periods only revealed differences between the elite vs. the other groups at 50, 100 and 150 ms from the onset of force (ES = 0.72–0.84, p = 0.032–0.040). No differences in RFD were observed between the intermediate and advanced groups at any time period (p = 0.942–1.000). Maximal force and RFD, especially calculated using the longer periods of the force curve, may be used to distinguish elite climbers from advanced and intermediate climbers. The authors suggest using relative rather than absolute time periods when analyzing the RFD of climbers.

Cognitive Reflection Effects on Time Discounting

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Białek ◽  
Przemysław Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Cognitive Reflection Test ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Time Discounting ◽  
Cognitive Reflection ◽  
The Way

Abstract. In this work, we investigated individual differences in cognitive reflection effects on delay discounting – a preference for smaller sooner over larger later payoff. People are claimed to prefer more these alternatives they considered first – so-called reference point – over the alternatives they considered later. Cognitive reflection affects the way individuals process information, with less reflective individuals relying predominantly on the first information they consider, thus, being more susceptible to reference points as compared to more reflective individuals. In Experiment 1, we confirmed that individuals who scored high on the Cognitive Reflection Test discount less strongly than less reflective individuals, but we also show that such individuals are less susceptible to imposed reference points. Experiment 2 replicated these findings additionally providing evidence that cognitive reflection predicts discounting strength and (in)dependency to reference points over and above individual difference in numeracy.

The World after the End of the World

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kas Saghafi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
End Of The World

In several late texts, Derrida meditated on Paul Celan's poem ‘Grosse, Glühende Wölbung’, in which the departure of the world is announced. Delving into the ‘origin’ and ‘history’ of the ‘conception’ of the world, this paper suggests that, for Derrida, the end of the world is determined by and from death—the death of the other. The death of the other marks, each and every time, the absolute end of the world.

Moderne Ikonen

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-143
Author(s):  
Bernadette Collenberg-Plotnikov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent Discussion ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Modern Mass

›Ikonen‹ sind heute nicht mehr nur die Ikonen der christlichen Kirche, sondern vor allem die Ikonen der modernen Massenkultur. Beide Arten von Ikonen werden in der neueren Kunstreflexion aufgegriffen: Kunst gilt entweder, verstanden als Erbin der religiösen Ikone, als Phänomen, das Absolutes in singulärer Weise anschaulich er- fahrbar macht. Oder aber die Kunst gilt umgekehrt lediglich als Klasse in der Welt der säkularen Ikonen. Demgegenüber wird im Beitrag erstens die These vertretenwerden, daß die neuere Kunst sowohl Aspekte transzendenter als auch immanenter Ikonen umfaßt. Zugleich ist es aber, so die zweite These, für unser Kunstverständnis charakteristisch, ein theoretisches Kontrastverhältnis zwischen Kunst und Ikone an- zunehmen. Dieses gründet auf einer spezifischen Reflexivität der Kunst, durch die sie sich von der Ikone beiderlei Art kategorial unterscheidet. Today, the word ›icon‹ usually no longer refers to the icons of the Christian church, but to the icons of the modern mass-culture. Both sorts of icons play a key-role in the recent discussion about art: Either art is supposed to be a descendant of the religious icon, a phenomenon that gives us a singular visual experience of the Absolute. On the other hand, art is supposed to be just one class among others in the wide world of the secular icons. In contrast to these two positions this essay contends that modern art comprehends aspects of transcendent as well as of immanent icons. Furthermore, it argues that at the same time it is characteristic for our notion of art to suppose a contrast between art and icon. This contrast is based on a specific reflectivity of art, which marks a categorical difference between art and both sorts of icons.

scholarly journals Description of a new barometer, recently fixed up in the apart­ments of the Royal Society; with remarks on the mode hitherto pursued at various periods, and an account of that which is now adopted, for correcting the observed height of the mercury in the society’s barometer

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Usual Scale

The barometer, here alluded to, may in some measure be consi­dered as two separate and independent barometers, inasmuch as it is formed of two distinct tubes dipping into one and the same cistern of mercury. One of these tubes is made of flint glass, and the other of crown glass, with a view to ascertain whether, at the end of any given period, the one may have had any greater chemical effect on the mercury than the other, and thus affected the results. A brass rod, to which the scale is attached, passes through the framework, between the two tubes, and is thus common to both : one end of which is furnished with a fine agate point, which, by means of a rack and pinion moving the whole rod, may be brought just to touch the surface of the mercury in the cistern, the slightest contact with which is immediately discernible; and the other end of which bears the usual scale of inches, tenths, &c.; and there is a separate vernier for each tube. A small thermometer, the bulb of which dips into the mercury in the cistern, is inserted at the bottom : and an eye­piece is also there fixed, so that the agate point can be viewed with more distinctness and accuracy. The whole instrument is made to turn round in azimuth, in order to verify the perpendicularity of the tubes and the scale. It is evident that there are many advantages attending this mode of construction, which are not to be found in the barometers as usu­ally formed for general use in this country. The absolute heights are more correctly and more satisfactorily determined ; and the per­manency of true action is more effectually noticed and secured. For, every part is under the inspection and control of the observer; and any derangement or imperfection in either of the tubes is imme­diately detected on comparison with the other. And, considering the care that has been taken in filling the tubes, and setting off the scale, it may justly be considered as a standard barometer . The pre­sent volume of the Philosophical Transactions will contain the first register of the observations that have been made with this instru­ment.

MEASUREMENTS OF GRAVITY IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC AND GREENLAND

1950 ◽  
Vol 28a (5) ◽  
pp. 535-541
Author(s):  
Michael Beer
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
The Other ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Resolute Bay ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Cornwallis Island

Four determinations of gravity were made during the summer of 1948, with the pendulum apparatus of the Dominion Observatory, at Goose Bay, Labrador (latitude 53°), Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island (latitude 64°), Resolute Bay, Cornwallis Island (latitude 75°), and Thule, Greenland (latitude 77°), approximately. The anomalies at the two most northerly stations are comparatively small and those at the other two stations, although larger, do not exceed many that have been observed in other parts of Canada. Norgaard's determination at Thule is confirmed by the author.It is anticipated that these determinations, apart from their immediate interest, will serve as useful reference points for future work in the Canadian Arctic.

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