scholarly journals Quantifying the contribution of individual variation in timing to delay-discounting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Lukinova ◽  
Jeffrey C. Erlich
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Psychology And Economics ◽  
Sense Of Time ◽  
Choice Tasks

AbstractDelay-discounting studies in neuroscience, psychology, and economics have been mostly focused on concepts of self-control, reward evaluation, and discounting. Another important relationship to consider is the link between intertemporal choice and time perception. We presented 50 college students with timing tasks on the range of seconds to minutes and intertemporal-choice tasks on both the time-scale of seconds and of days. We hypothesized that individual differences in time perception would influence decisions about short experienced delays but not long delays. While we found some evidence that individual differences in internal clock speed account for some unexplained variance between choices across time-horizons, overall our findings suggest a nominal contribution of the altered sense of time in intertemporal choice.

scholarly journals Association of the altered sense of time in the seconds-to-minute range with intertemporal choices across time-horizons.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Lukinova ◽  
Jeffrey C Erlich
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Psychology And Economics ◽  
Sense Of Time ◽  
Choice Tasks

Delay-discounting studies in neuroscience, psychology, and economics have been mostly focused on concepts of self-control, reward evaluation, and discounting. Another important relationship to consider is the link between intertemporal choice and time perception. We presented 50 college students with timing exercises on the range of seconds to minutes and intertemporal-choice tasks on both the time-scale of seconds and of days. We hypothesized that individual differences in time perception would influence decisions about short experienced delays but not long delays. While we found some evidence that individual differences in internal clock speed account for some unexplained variance between choices across time-horizons, overall our findings suggest a nominal contribution of the altered sense of time in intertemporal choice.

scholarly journals Addictive use of digital devices in young children: Associations with delay discounting, self-control and academic performance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253058
Author(s):  
Tim Schulz van Endert
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Relationship

The use of smartphones, tablets and laptops/PCs has become ingrained in adults’ and increasingly in children’s lives, which has sparked a debate about the risk of addiction to digital devices. Previous research has linked specific use of digital devices (e.g. online gaming, smartphone screen time) with impulsive behavior in the context of intertemporal choice among adolescents and adults. However, not much is known about children’s addictive behavior towards digital devices and its relationship to personality factors and academic performance. This study investigated the associations between addictive use of digital devices, self-reported usage duration, delay discounting, self-control and academic success in children aged 10 to 13. Addictive use of digital devices was positively related to delay discounting, but self-control confounded the relationship between the two variables. Furthermore, self-control and self-reported usage duration but not the degree of addictive use predicted the most recent grade average. These findings indicate that children’s problematic behavior towards digital devices compares to other maladaptive behaviors (e.g. substance abuse, pathological gambling) in terms of impulsive choice and point towards the key role self-control seems to play in lowering a potential risk of digital addiction.

“I want it now!” Intertemporal Choice Through the Lens of Valence Weighting Bias

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-258
Author(s):  
Javier A. Granados Samayoa ◽  
Russell H. Fazio
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Positive And Negative Valence ◽  
Characteristic Manner ◽  
Report Measure

The current research presents a novel perspective regarding individual differences in intertemporal choice preferences. We postulate that such differences are partly rooted in individuals’ valence weighting proclivities—their characteristic manner of weighting positive and negative valence when constructing an initial evaluation. Importantly, valence weighting bias should predict intertemporal choice most strongly (a) for those who are relatively low in trait self-control and (b) when the magnitude of the available rewards is relatively small, because these two factors are associated with lesser motivation/resources to deliberate extensively about one's decision. More specifically, we propose that those with a more positive weighting bias give greater weight to the clearly positive immediate reward that is under consideration, and under these conditions, the resulting appraisal shapes choice more strongly. Using a performance-based measure of valence weighting tendencies, a hypothetical intertemporal choice task, and a self-report measure of trait self-control, we provide evidence for our hypothesis.

scholarly journals Temporal delay discounting in acutely ill and weight-recovered patients with anorexia nervosa

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1229-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ritschel ◽  
J. A. King ◽  
D. Geisler ◽  
L. Flohr ◽  
F. Neidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Temporal Discounting ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Hyperbolic Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Age Range

Background.Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are characterized by a very low body weight but readily give up immediate rewards (food) for long-term goals (slim figure), which might indicate an unusual level of self-control. This everyday clinical observation may be quantifiable in the framework of the anticipation-discounting dilemma.Method.Using a cross-sectional design, this study compared the capacity to delay reward in 34 patients suffering from acute AN (acAN), 33 weight-recovered AN patients (recAN) and 54 healthy controls. We also used a longitudinal study to reassess 21 acAN patients after short-term weight restoration. A validated intertemporal choice task and a hyperbolic model were used to estimate temporal discounting rates.Results.Confirming the validity of the task used, decreased delay discounting was associated with age and low self-reported impulsivity. However, no group differences in key measures of temporal discounting of monetary rewards were found.Conclusions.Increased cognitive control, which has been suggested as a key characteristic of AN, does not seem to extend the capacity to wait for delayed monetary rewards. Differences between our study and the only previous study reporting decreased delay discounting in adult AN patients may be explained by the different age range and chronicity of acute patients, but the fact that weight recovery was not associated with changes in discount rates suggests that discounting behavior is not a trait marker in AN. Future studies using paradigms with disorder-specific stimuli may help to clarify the role of delay discounting in AN.

scholarly journals Waiting in intertemporal choice tasks affects discounting and subjective time perception.

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 (12) ◽  
pp. 2289-2313
Author(s):  
Ping Xu ◽  
Claudia González-Vallejo ◽  
Benjamin T. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Choice Tasks

Distortions in Time Perception: How the Production Rate of Linguistic Stimuli Influences the Perception of Elapsed Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-176
Author(s):  
Miria N. Plastira ◽  
Marios N. Avraamides
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Actual Duration ◽  
Sense Of Time ◽  
Slow Speech

In this study we examined whether the exposure to speed-altered audio clips of speech-like stimuli can distort systematically the subjective sense of time. Participants listened to stimuli of varying durations and speeds and reproduced their durations. Results revealed that both speed and actual duration influenced the length of reproduced durations. In particular, participants reproduced durations as longer when they listened to fast compared to slow speech-like stimuli of the same actual duration. In addition, the reproduced durations of long stimuli deviated more from their veridical durations compared to those of short stimuli. Notably, a significant interaction indicated that the effect of speed was greater for stimuli of short than of long actual durations. We argue that listening to fast speech-like stimuli speeds up the pacemaker component of the internal clock, leading to overestimation of the actual duration. The implications of these findings for the theories of time perception are discussed.

scholarly journals Likes and impulsivity: Investigating the relationship between actual smartphone use and delay discounting

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241383
Author(s):  
Tim Schulz van Endert ◽  
Peter N. C. Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Consideration Of Future Consequences ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Future Consequences ◽  
The Relationship

The omnipresence of smartphones among adolescents and adults gives rise to the questions about excessive use and personality factors which are associated with heavier engagement with these devices. Previous studies have found behavioral similarities between smartphone use and maladaptive behaviors (e.g. drinking, gambling, drug abuse) in the context of intertemporal choice but mostly relied on participants’ self-reports regarding engagement with their phone. In this study, we collected actual usage data by smartphone application from 101 participants and assessed their tendency to discount future rewards, their reward responsiveness, self-control and consideration of future consequences. We found that smartphone screen time was correlated with choosing smaller immediate over larger delayed rewards and that usage of social media and gaming apps predicted delay discounting. Additionally, smartphone use was negatively correlated with self-control but not correlated with consideration of future consequences. Neither psychological variable could mediate the relationship between smartphone usage and delay discounting. Our findings provide further evidence that smartphone use and impulsive decision-making go hand in hand and that engagement with these devices needs to be critically examined by researchers to guide prudent behavior.

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