Modifying result states in Turkish

This study investigates the properties of a durative modifier that exclusively targets result states in Turkish. We call this modifier RSM, standing for Result State Modifier. What is peculiar about RSM is that it can express the actual duration of a result state, as well as a non-actual duration for an actual result state. Our goal is to describe the conditions under which these two interpretations are licensed and to provide a compositional analysis of how these interpretations are derived. We argue that dispositions play a key role in the way RSM can describe a non-actual duration for an actual result state.

Vaccination Against COVID-19: Emerging Issues and Future Prospects

The most effective means of combating the COVID-19 pandemic s the formation of herd immunity, with the formation of an immune population to infection. Vaccination rates are continuously increasing. In early February 2021, WHO announced that the number of people vaccinated against the disease for the first time exceeded the number of infected. In early June 2021 the vaccinated number exceeded 2 billion which is more than 12 times the total number infected for the entire duration of the pandemic. The high rate of vaccination leads to the formulation of a number of questions concerning the effectiveness of vaccines currently used for mass immunization the level of herd immunity, necessary to stop the spread of the disease, the actual duration of the vaccination carried out, long-term prospects of the platforms, used in the creation of vaccines. The purpose of this paper is to substantiate reasoned answers to the questions posed.

Adverse effects and duration of treatment of TB in Canterbury, New Zealand

BACKGROUND Treatment of TB is often extended beyond the recommended duration. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of extended treatment and to identify associated risk factors. We also aimed to determine the frequency and type of adverse drug reactions (ADR) experienced by this study population.METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients treated for active TB at Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand, between 1 March 2012 and 31 December 2018. Data for 192 patients were collected on patient demographics, disease characteristics and treatment characteristics, including planned and actual duration of treatment and ADRs.RESULTS Of 192 patients, 35 (18.2%) had treatment extended, and 85 (46.5%) of 183 with fully drug-susceptible TB received ≥9 months treatment. The most common reasons for extension were persistent or extensive disease and ADR. Extended treatment duration was not associated with any patient or disease characteristics. We found 35 (18.2%) patients experienced at least one ADR. The most common ADRs were hepatitis, rash and peripheral neuropathy.CONCLUSION TB treatment extension beyond WHO guidelines is common. Further research is needed to guide management of those with slow response to treatment. Methods for early detection of ADR, systems to improve adherence and therapeutic drug monitoring are potentially useful strategies.

Prediction Methods for the Actual Duration of Greek Highway Projects

This study presents an overview of estimation methods to predict the actual project duration of Greek highway projects. Emphasis is given to the selection of the appropriate parameters that correlate with the actual project duration and to compare the performances of the main two methods, the linear regression (LR) with the neural network models (NN) based on data available at the bidding stage. In the context of the current research, thirty-seven highway projects were examined, constructed in Greece with similar available data like the extent, the type of work packages and the significance. Selection and ranking variables through correlation analyses using SPSS 25 has been carried on, in order to identify the most significant project variables. These include archeological findings, type of terrain, land expropriation, the existence of bridge, tunnel and embankment. Next step was the use of WEKA application, that highlighted the most efficient subset of variables. After the definition and grouping of the variables for actual duration prediction, these were used as input data for linear regression models (LR) and neural network models (NN). Various models have been created from each investigated method. While their performance and the comparison of linear regression and neural network models to estimate the actual duration of Greek highway projects are presented in this paper. Results’ discussion and conclusions along with limitations and further research are appropriately analyzed.

Investigating the Impact of Public Transport Service Disruptions upon Passenger Travel Behaviour—Results from Krakow City

Public transport (PT) service disruptions are common and unexpected events which often result in major impediment to passengers’ typical travel routines. However, attitudes and behavioural responses to unexpected PT disruptions are still not fully understood in state-of-the-art research. The objective of this study is to examine how PT users adapt their travel choices and what travel information sources they utilize once they encounter sudden PT service disruptions. To this end, we conduct a passenger survey among PT users in the city of Kraków (Poland), consisting of a series of stated- and revealed-preference questions. Results show that passengers’ reported choices during past PT disruptions mostly involve adjusting the current PT travel routine, exposing a certain bias with their stated choices (which tend to overestimate the probability of modal shifts). Factors influencing travel behaviour shifts include frequency and recency of PT disruption experience, as well as propensity to arrive on-time. With regards to travel information sources, staff announcement and personal experience play an important role in recognizing the emerging disruption, but real-time information (RTI) sources are the most useful in planning the onward journey afterwards. Based on these, we highlight the implications for future RTI policy during PT service disruptions; in particular, the provision of a reliable time estimate until normal service conditions are resumed. Such RTI content could foster passengers’ tendency to use PT services in uncertain conditions, especially as their stated wait time tolerance often matches the actual duration of PT disruptions.

Renovation cycle diagram

Introduction. A relatively new form of transformation of the territory in the current urban development, the renovation of quarters, requires close scientific study and methodological justification. Renovated neighborhoods, as well as projects for the construction of new houses, have individual features and characteristics. The authors hypothesize that, despite the variety of characteristics of renovated neighborhoods and projects for the construction of new houses, traditional in-line construction with the allocation of characteristic stages is possible. Materials and methods. To study the actual duration of the stages of creating objects under the renovation program (which is necessary to identify objects of similar duration), a special database was formed in the Scientific and Project Center “City Development”. As of 15.05.2021, 313 objects involved in the renovation program are included in this special database. A thorough verification of the specified database was performed. As a result, 122 objects with a spread of construction duration values from 11 months to 43.2 months are stored in the verified database. In addition, the materials of the information system for ensuring urban planning activities (ISOGD) of Moscow were used. The initial materials allowed us to identify a number of characteristic stages in the renovation program for each object. Results. To analyze the design duration of construction, the set of objects is divided into 2 parts: commissioning in 2021 and commissioning in subsequent years. For each part, histograms of the distribution of the duration of construction of houses during renovation are constructed and it is proved that the law of normal distribution is observed. A schematic model of renovation processes with multiple process durations is presented. The overall duration of the design (project stage) can take 1 year, construction — 2 years, and the combined stages: preparation of documents, relocation and demolition, will approximately take 1 year. This four-year wave cycle is then repeated the required number of times. The calendar plan of renovation for three wave objects with the allocation of the leading stream is presented. The ratio of flow processes during renovation is most clearly reflected in the constructed cyclogram of a multi-rhythmic object flow modified for renovation conditions. Combined schedules of renovation of in-line construction are constructed. Conclusions. Despite the considerable variety of renovated neighborhoods and projects for the construction of new houses, the authors of the article prove that traditional in-line construction with the allocation of characteristic stages is possible. For large contracting organizations, it is realistic to form a multi-rhythmic object flow with the allocation of the construction stage as the leading flow and calculate the renovation cyclogram.

Event boundaries are steppingstones for memory retrieval

Personal experience extends over time. When we recall memories from our lives, we often scan extended episodes to remember, for instance, where we placed our car keys. Here we investigate the hypothesis that high level structure, marked by boundaries between events, guides us through this retrieval process. We present a model of memory search in which humans can replay past experience on a fine-grained temporal scale, but also skip ahead to the beginning of a new event in order to speed up the retrieval process. In a naturalistic interview paradigm, we provide evidence in human response times for such a skipping mechanism: When participants scanned extended segments from a movie in their memory, their reaction times were better explained by a model incorporating the number of event boundaries in the segment and the distance of the target to the previous event boundary (with both predictors explaining significant variance), compared to a model incorporating the actual duration of a segment. This supports the idea that, in scanning their memory, humans can skip to the beginning of a new event if they decide that the target is not present in that event; this has the effect of decoupling their memory scanning reaction times from the actual duration of the segment. This conclusion is further supported by the results of a second study where participants were asked to do detailed mental simulation instead of memory scanning. Participants took substantially longer to perform such mental simulation compared to participants that scanned their memory. Those mental simulation times were still explained better by a model where participants skip, but -- compared to memory scanning -- the threshold for skipping was much higher.

Dispute of the Contracts: A Case from Sikta Irrigation Project, Banke, Nepal

Purpose: Government of Nepal (GoN) is implementing many small, medium and large type of Irrigation Projects. Sikta Irrigation Project (SIP) is the National Pride Project implemented by the GoN. The command area of the project has 42766.00 ha and the beneficiary of the project have 46715 households consisting of 4,49,588 population of Banke district. The overall objective of the study is to assess the consequences of delay and dispute of the selected contracts of Sikta Irrigation Project, Banke, Nepal. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using secondary data of the contract the mean planned duration is compared with mean actual duration to analyze delay analysis and Disputes of the contract have been interpreted based on standards of contract using content analysis. Findings/Result: The mean planned duration of the contracts under the study is 17.42 months and mean actual time 32.28 months with a standard deviation of 7.72 months and meantime variance is 13.46 months behind the schedule and meantime overrun is 14.85 months. Dispute resolution of only Papu costal JV has been analyzed. The contracts need to be rectified in terms of time by proper scheduling and resource leveling based local calendar. Hope the new amendments (PPMO 10th) of time extension will be helpful for the timely completion of contracts. Originality/Value: Action research to enhance the performance of Projects by avoiding Disputes. Paper Type: Analytical Policy Research.

Reduction of Power in General Purpose Processor Through Clock-Gating Technique

Now a days DC power supply plays very important role in the Electronic industry because for every electronic gadget DC power is required to operate it. Even though durable DC batteries are available in the market to operate the various electronic gadgets for more time, electronic designers are continuously concentrating more and more to reduce the power through the various new Technologies like increasing parallel operations, pipe line concepts [1] etc. To work such durable batteries more duration than the actual duration what they can give, in this work we are concentrating on the 'clock-gating' technique to reduce the power in the general purpose microprocessor. For every microprocessor clock is required. All operations of any processor are performed by the clock cycle. There are various blocks in the processor but all the blocks are not operated at a time while using it, some blocks in the off mode while other blocks are in the working mode. Hence in order to power off such blocks for a little while clock gating is used in this work. Wherever particular block is not operated, for that block clock is disabled by the clock gating technique. The main principle of clock getting is nothing but ANDing the processor clock with a gate-control signal.

Striving to Avoid Inferiority and Procrastination among University Students: The Mediating Roles of Stress and Self-Control

The current study intended to examine whether the relationship between university students’ striving to avoid inferiority (SAI) and procrastination was serially mediated by stress and self-control. The sample consisted of 154 Hong Kong university students. Their levels of striving to avoid inferiority, stress, self-control, and procrastination were measured by the Striving to Avoid Inferiority Scale (SAIS), the stress subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ), and the General Procrastination Scale (GPS), respectively. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that SAI positively predicted stress, stress negatively predicted self-control, and self-control negatively predicted procrastination. SAI did not directly predict procrastination. The results of bootstrapping analyses supported the hypotheses that the effect of stress on procrastination was mediated by self-control, the effect of SAI on self-control was mediated by stress, and more importantly, the effect of SAI on procrastination was serially mediated by stress and self-control. Further research is suggested to investigate the thoughts and feelings pertinent to procrastination and the actual duration of procrastination among university students.