Regional and seasonal characteristics of emission sources of fine airborne particulate matter collected in the center and suburbs of Tokyo, Japan as determined by multielement analysis and source receptor models

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Iijima ◽  
Hiroshi Tago ◽  
Kimiyo Kumagai ◽  
Masahiko Kato ◽  
Kunihisa Kozawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Multielement Analysis ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Receptor Models ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics

Application of receptor models to airborne particulate matter

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bruno ◽  
M. Caselli ◽  
G. de Gennaro ◽  
P. Ielpo ◽  
B.E. Daresta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Receptor Models

Clarification of the predominant emission sources of antimony in airborne particulate matter and estimation of their effects on the atmosphere in Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Iijima ◽  
Keiichi Sato ◽  
Yuji Fujitani ◽  
Eiji Fujimori ◽  
Yoshinori Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Microscopic Images ◽  
Potential Sources

Environmental context. The remarkable enrichment of potentially toxic antimony (Sb) in inhalable airborne particulate matter has become of great environmental concern among recent air pollution issues. The present study clarifies the predominant sources of Sb by focusing on the similarities in elemental composition, particle size distributions, and microscopic images found in ambient airborne particles and several potential sources. We identify automotive brake abrasion dust and fly ash emitted from waste incineration as dominant sources of atmospheric Sb in Japan. These results will contribute towards an in-depth understanding of the cycles and fates of Sb in the environment. Abstract. By focusing on the similarities in elemental composition, particle size distributions of elemental concentrations, and microscopic images between ambient airborne particulate matter (APM) and several potential sources, we discuss the predominant sources of antimony (Sb) in APM in Japan. The distribution of Sb concentration in size-classified ambient APM showed a characteristic bimodal profile in which peaks were found in coarse (3.6–5.2 μm) and fine (0.5–0.7 μm) fractions. Elemental ratios, particle sizes, and microscopic images observed in the coarse APM fractions were found to be in good agreement with those of brake abrasion dust. However, in the fine APM fractions, fly ash originating from waste incineration was identified as the most probable source of Sb. Chemical mass balance analysis was performed to determine the effects of the emission sources of Sb, and it was revealed that brake abrasion dust and waste fly ash were the dominant sources of Sb in the coarser and the finer fractions of APM, respectively. The present study provides important clues to understanding the cycles and fates of Sb in the environment.

scholarly journals The Impact of Bushfire Smoke on Cattle—A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 848
Author(s):  
Benjamin Eid ◽  
David Beggs ◽  
Peter Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Background Mortality ◽  
Fire Front ◽  
The Impact

In 2019–2020, a particularly bad bushfire season in Australia resulted in cattle being exposed to prolonged periods of smoke haze and reduced air quality. Bushfire smoke contains many harmful pollutants, and impacts on regions far from the fire front, with smoke haze persisting for weeks. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major components of bushfire smoke known to have a negative impact on human health. However, little has been reported about the potential effects that bushfire smoke has on cattle exposed to smoke haze for extended periods. We explored the current literature to investigate evidence for likely effects on cattle from prolonged exposure to smoke generated from bushfires in Australia. We conducted a search for papers related to the impacts of smoke on cattle. Initial searching returned no relevant articles through either CAB Direct or PubMed databases, whilst Google Scholar provided a small number of results. The search was then expanded to look at two sub-questions: the type of pollution that is found in bushfire smoke, and the reported effects of both humans and cattle being exposed to these types of pollutants. The primary mechanism for damage due to bushfire smoke is due to small airborne particulate matter (PM). Although evidence demonstrates that PM from bushfire smoke has a measurable impact on both human mortality and cardiorespiratory morbidities, there is little evidence regarding the impact of chronic bushfire smoke exposure in cattle. We hypothesize that cattle are not severely affected by chronic exposure to smoke haze, as evidenced by the lack of reports. This may be because cattle do not tend to suffer from the co-morbidities that, in the human population, seem to be made worse by smoke and pollution. Further, small changes to background mortality rates or transient morbidity may also go unreported.

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