Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for CA 15-3 using thionine-nanoporous gold–graphene as a platform and horseradish peroxidase-encapsulated liposomes as signal amplification

The Analyst ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (19) ◽  
pp. 4440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenguang Ge ◽  
Xiuling Jiao ◽  
Dairong Chen
Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Anton Popov ◽  
Benediktas Brasiunas ◽  
Asta Kausaite-Minkstimiene ◽  
Almira Ramanaviciene

With the increasing importance of healthcare and clinical diagnosis, as well as the growing demand for highly sensitive analytical instruments, immunosensors have received considerable attention. In this review, electrochemical immunosensor signal amplification strategies using metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and quantum dots (Qdots) as tags are overviewed, focusing on recent developments in the ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers. MNPs and Qdots can be used separately or in combination with other nanostructures, while performing the function of nanocarriers, electroactive labels, or catalysts. Thus, different functions of MNPs and Qdots as well as recent advances in electrochemical signal amplification are discussed. Additionally, the methods most often used for antibody immobilization on nanoparticles, immunoassay formats, and electrochemical methods for indirect biomarker detection are overviewed.


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