scholarly journals Nanostructured Ir-supported on Ti4O7 as a cost-effective anode for proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 4487-4495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Philipp Lettenmeier ◽  
Ute Golla-Schindler ◽  
Pawel Gazdzicki ◽  
Natalia A. Cañas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Effective Catalyst ◽  
Pem Electrolyzer ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A cost-effective catalyst Ir/Ti4O7 with superior OER activity has been developed, by which the Ir loading in the anode of a PEM electrolyzer can be reduced.

scholarly journals Effect of Stratification of Cathode Catalyst Layers on Durability of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2975
Author(s):  
Zikhona Nondudule ◽  
Jessica Chamier ◽  
Mahabubur Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Potential Cycling ◽  
Catalyst Layers ◽  
Exchange Membrane

To decrease the cost of fuel cell manufacturing, the amount of platinum (Pt) in the catalyst layer needs to be reduced. In this study, ionomer gradient membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were designed to reduce Pt loading without sacrificing performance and lifetime. A two-layer stratification of the cathode was achieved with varying ratios of 28 wt. % ionomer in the inner layer, on the membrane, and 24 wt. % on the outer layer, coated onto the inner layer. To study the MEA performance, the electrochemical surface area (ECSA), polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) responses were evaluated under 20, 60, and 100% relative humidity (RH). The stratified MEA Pt loading was reduced by 12% while maintaining commercial equivalent performance. The optimal two-layer design was achieved when the Pt loading ratio between the layers was 1:6 (inner:outer layer). This MEA showed the highest ECSA and performance at 0.65 V with reduced mass transport losses. The integrity of stratified MEAs with lower Pt loading was evaluated with potential cycling and proved more durable than the monolayer MEA equivalent. The higher ionomer loading adjacent to the membrane and the bi-layer interface of the stratified catalyst layer (CL) increased moisture in the cathode CL, decreasing the degradation rate. Using ionomer stratification to decrease the Pt loading in an MEA yielded a better performance compared to the monolayer MEA design. This study, therefore, contributes to the development of more durable, cost-effective MEAs for low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

scholarly journals Faraday’s Efficiency Modeling of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Based on Experimental Data

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burin Yodwong ◽  
Damien Guilbert ◽  
Matheepot Phattanasak ◽  
Wattana Kaewmanee ◽  
Melika Hinaje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Pressure ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Pem Electrolyzer ◽  
Hydrogen Crossover ◽  
Exchange Membrane

In electrolyzers, Faraday’s efficiency is a relevant parameter to assess the amount of hydrogen generated according to the input energy and energy efficiency. Faraday’s efficiency expresses the faradaic losses due to the gas crossover current. The thickness of the membrane and operating conditions (i.e., temperature, gas pressure) may affect the Faraday’s efficiency. The developed models in the literature are mainly focused on alkaline electrolyzers and based on the current and temperature change. However, the modeling of the effect of gas pressure on Faraday’s efficiency remains a major concern. In proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, the thickness of the used membranes is very thin, enabling decreasing ohmic losses and the membrane to operate at high pressure because of its high mechanical resistance. Nowadays, high-pressure hydrogen production is mandatory to make its storage easier and to avoid the use of an external compressor. However, when increasing the hydrogen pressure, the hydrogen crossover currents rise, particularly at low current densities. Therefore, faradaic losses due to the hydrogen crossover increase. In this article, experiments are performed on a commercial PEM electrolyzer to investigate Faraday’s efficiency based on the current and hydrogen pressure change. The obtained results have allowed modeling the effects of Faraday’s efficiency by a simple empirical model valid for the studied PEM electrolyzer stack. The comparison between the experiments and the model shows very good accuracy in replicating Faraday’s efficiency.

scholarly journals A Review of Metallic Bipolar Plates for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Materials and Fabrication Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Karimi ◽  
Norman Fraser ◽  
Bronwyn Roberts ◽  
Frank R. Foulkes
Keyword(s):  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bipolar Plate ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Metallic Bipolar Plates ◽  
Density Graphite ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell offers an exceptional potential for a clean, efficient, and reliable power source. The bipolar plate is a key component in this device, as it connects each cell electrically, supplies reactant gases to both anode and cathode, and removes reaction products from the cell. Bipolar plates have been fabricated primarily from high-density graphite, but in recent years, much attention has been paid to developing cost-effective and feasible alternative materials. Two different classes of materials have attracted attention: metals and composites. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the current research being carried out on metallic bipolar plates, covering materials and fabrication methods.

Partial Impedance Spectroscopy Tests of a 6 kW Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer Stack

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taehee Han ◽  
Hossein Salehfar ◽  
Nilesh V. Dale ◽  
Mike D. Mann ◽  
Jivan N. Thakare
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Impedance Characteristics ◽  
Pem Electrolyzer ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Partial Current

Impedance characteristics of a 6 kW proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer stack are presented under various operating conditions. An electrolyzer stack was operated under room temperature and partial current range (0 to 80 A). The whole stack impedance spectrums were measured by three different power supply configurations. The total sweeping frequency range (0.5 Hz to 20 kHz) is divided into low frequency (0.5 to 20 Hz), middle frequency (20 Hz to 1 kHz), and high frequency (1 to 20 kHz). Each frequency range required a different measurement setup to measure the whole stack impedance data. In this study, the partial impedance spectrums at low and high frequency ranges are successfully measured and analyzed. The measured data is verified with Kramers-Kronig relations. Measurement issues at the middle frequency region are discussed.

Defects tailoring IrO2@TiN1+x nano-heterojunction for superior water oxidation activity and stability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Wang ◽  
Hong Lv ◽  
Songhu Bi ◽  
Tianqi Li ◽  
Yongwen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Anode Catalysts ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Developing cost-effective Ir-based anode catalysts for proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis has been recognized as an efficient and pragmatic approach, however, many challenges remain to lower Ir content while...

Modeling Solar Impacts on Hydrogen Production From Electrolysis

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Campbell ◽  
Sachin S. Deshmukh ◽  
Robert F. Boehm ◽  
Rick Hurt
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Filling Station ◽  
Southern Nevada ◽  
Pem Electrolyzer ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A model is presented to simulate the energy production from a solar photovoltaic (PV) array in Southern Nevada and its energy produced for hydrogen production at a hydrogen filling station. A solar PV array composed of four single axis tracking units provides power to a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, which produces hydrogen that is stored on site for use in hydrogen converted vehicles. The model provides the ability to predict possible hydrogen production at the site, as well as the amount of hydrogen required to sustain a prescribed level of vehicle usage. Together, these results made it possible to determine the energy required to produce sufficient hydrogen to sustain the vehicles, and the percentage of that energy generated by the solar PV array. For an average year in Las Vegas and a travel requirement of 57 miles/day, this percentage was found to be 33 percent. This simulation has the potential to be modified for different locations, array size, amount of storage, or usage requirement.

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