Partial Impedance Spectroscopy Tests of a 6 kW Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer Stack

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taehee Han ◽  
Hossein Salehfar ◽  
Nilesh V. Dale ◽  
Mike D. Mann ◽  
Jivan N. Thakare
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Impedance Characteristics ◽  
Pem Electrolyzer ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Partial Current

Impedance characteristics of a 6 kW proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer stack are presented under various operating conditions. An electrolyzer stack was operated under room temperature and partial current range (0 to 80 A). The whole stack impedance spectrums were measured by three different power supply configurations. The total sweeping frequency range (0.5 Hz to 20 kHz) is divided into low frequency (0.5 to 20 Hz), middle frequency (20 Hz to 1 kHz), and high frequency (1 to 20 kHz). Each frequency range required a different measurement setup to measure the whole stack impedance data. In this study, the partial impedance spectrums at low and high frequency ranges are successfully measured and analyzed. The measured data is verified with Kramers-Kronig relations. Measurement issues at the middle frequency region are discussed.

scholarly journals Faraday’s Efficiency Modeling of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Based on Experimental Data

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burin Yodwong ◽  
Damien Guilbert ◽  
Matheepot Phattanasak ◽  
Wattana Kaewmanee ◽  
Melika Hinaje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Pressure ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Pem Electrolyzer ◽  
Hydrogen Crossover ◽  
Exchange Membrane

In electrolyzers, Faraday’s efficiency is a relevant parameter to assess the amount of hydrogen generated according to the input energy and energy efficiency. Faraday’s efficiency expresses the faradaic losses due to the gas crossover current. The thickness of the membrane and operating conditions (i.e., temperature, gas pressure) may affect the Faraday’s efficiency. The developed models in the literature are mainly focused on alkaline electrolyzers and based on the current and temperature change. However, the modeling of the effect of gas pressure on Faraday’s efficiency remains a major concern. In proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, the thickness of the used membranes is very thin, enabling decreasing ohmic losses and the membrane to operate at high pressure because of its high mechanical resistance. Nowadays, high-pressure hydrogen production is mandatory to make its storage easier and to avoid the use of an external compressor. However, when increasing the hydrogen pressure, the hydrogen crossover currents rise, particularly at low current densities. Therefore, faradaic losses due to the hydrogen crossover increase. In this article, experiments are performed on a commercial PEM electrolyzer to investigate Faraday’s efficiency based on the current and hydrogen pressure change. The obtained results have allowed modeling the effects of Faraday’s efficiency by a simple empirical model valid for the studied PEM electrolyzer stack. The comparison between the experiments and the model shows very good accuracy in replicating Faraday’s efficiency.

Dependency of the Power of the Constant Phase Element to Operating Conditions in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Rezaei Niya ◽  
Ryan Phillips ◽  
Mina Hoorfar
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Constant Phase Element ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Impedance Characteristics ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Constant Phase Elements ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Despite the numerous studies conducted on the constant phase element (CPE) characteristics, they are not fully understood yet. In this paper, the constant phase element required for modeling the impedance characteristics of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells are studied in different operating conditions. The impedance of the cell is measured in different temperatures, anode and cathode relative humidities and potentials (current densities). Then, the powers of the constant phase elements required for modeling the most dominant arc in the measured Nyquist plots are determined, and the values are compared in different operating conditions using the analysis of variance method. It is shown that the CPE power is not related to the temperature and relative humidities; while it changes slightly when the potential or current density changes.

scholarly journals Modelling of Humidity Dynamics for Open-Cathode Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Fengxiang Chen ◽  
Liming Zhang ◽  
Jieran Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Transport Theory ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The durability and output performance of a fuel cell is highly influenced by the internal humidity, while in most developed models of open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cells (OC-PEMFC) the internal water content is viewed as a fixed value. Based on mass and energy conservation law, mass transport theory and electrochemistry principles, the model of humidity dynamics for OC-PEMFC is established in Simulink® environment, including the electrochemical model, mass flow model and thermal model. In the mass flow model, the water retention property and oxygen transfer characteristics of the gas diffusion layer is modelled. The simulation indicates that the internal humidity of OC-PEMFC varies with stack temperature and operating conditions, which has a significant influence on stack efficiency and output performance. In order to maintain a good internal humidity state during operation, this model can be used to determine the optimal stack temperature and for the design of a proper control strategy.

scholarly journals Design of Incremental Conductance Sliding Mode MPPT Control Applied by Integrated Photovoltaic and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System under Various Operating Conditions for BLDC Motor

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehun Hahm ◽  
Hyoseok Kang ◽  
Jaeho Baek ◽  
Heejin Lee ◽  
Mignon Park
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
System Control ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Incremental Conductance ◽  
Exchange Membrane

This paper proposes an integrated photovoltaic (PV) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system for continuous energy harvesting under various operating conditions for use with a brushless DC motor. The proposed scheme is based on the incremental conductance (IncCond) algorithm combined with the sliding mode technique. Under changing atmospheric conditions, the energy conversion efficiency of a PV array is very low, leading to significant power losses. Consequently, increasing efficiency by means of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is particularly important. To manage such a hybrid system, control strategies need to be established to achieve the aim of the distributed system. Firstly, a Matlab/Simulink based model of the PV and PEMFC is developed and validated, as well as the incremental conductance sliding (ICS) MPPT technique; then, different MPPT algorithms are employed to control the PV array under nonuniform temperature and insolation conditions, to study these algorithms effectiveness under various operating conditions. Conventional techniques are easy to implement but produce oscillations at MPP. Compared to these techniques, the proposed technique is more efficient; it produces less oscillation at MPP in the steady state and provides more precise tracking.

scholarly journals Nanostructured Ir-supported on Ti4O7 as a cost-effective anode for proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 4487-4495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Philipp Lettenmeier ◽  
Ute Golla-Schindler ◽  
Pawel Gazdzicki ◽  
Natalia A. Cañas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Effective Catalyst ◽  
Pem Electrolyzer ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A cost-effective catalyst Ir/Ti4O7 with superior OER activity has been developed, by which the Ir loading in the anode of a PEM electrolyzer can be reduced.

Theoretical Analysis on the Autothermal Reforming Process of Ethanol as Fuel for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Perna
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Autothermal Reforming ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The purpose of this work is to investigate, by a thermodynamic analysis, the effects of the process variables on the performance of an autothermal reforming (ATR)-based fuel processor, operating on ethanol as fuel, integrated into an overall proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system. This analysis has been carried out finding the better operating conditions to maximize hydrogen yield and to minimize CO carbon monoxide production. In order to evaluate the overall efficiency of the system, PEM fuel cell operations have been analyzed by an available parametric model.

Impact of Low Frequency Narrow Pulse Current on the Degradation of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Fuel Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-569
Author(s):  
Y. F. Zhou ◽  
L. J. Huang ◽  
X. X. Sun ◽  
F. X. Shao
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Pulse Current ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Exchange Membrane

scholarly journals Dynamic Emulation of a PEM Electrolyzer by Time Constant Based Exponential Model

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Guilbert ◽  
Gianpaolo Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Operating ◽  
Pem Electrolyzer ◽  
Current Interval

The main objective of this paper is to develop a dynamic emulator of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer (EL) through an equivalent electrical model. Experimental investigations have highlighted the capacitive effect of EL when subjecting to dynamic current profiles, which so far has not been reported in the literature. Thanks to a thorough experimental study, the electrical domain of a PEM EL composed of 3 cells has been modeled under dynamic operating conditions. The dynamic emulator is based on an equivalent electrical scheme that takes into consideration the dynamic behavior of the EL in cases of sudden variation in the supply current. The model parameters were identified for a suitable current interval to consider them as constant and then tested with experimental data. The obtained results through the developed dynamic emulator have demonstrated its ability to accurately replicate the dynamic behavior of a PEM EL.

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