Successive optimisation of waste cooking oil transesterification in a continuous microwave assisted reactor

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (94) ◽  
pp. 76743-76751 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Mohd. Ali ◽  
R. M. Yunus ◽  
C. K. Cheng ◽  
J. Gimbun
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Optimisation Techniques

The successive optimisation techniques successfully reduce the reaction time by 25.5% and catalyst loading by 32% without significantly affecting the biodiesel conversion.

THE EFFECT OF CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE HEATING TECHNIQUES ON TRANSESTERIFICATION OF WASTE COOKING OIL TO BIODIESEL

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (8-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Johari Kamaruddin ◽  
Nurulsurusiah Mohamad ◽  
Umi Aisah Asli ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Kamarizan Kidam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Thermal Heating ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Cooking Oil

This research is focused on the effect of processing parameters such as molar ratio of sample to solvent (1:3-1:15), catalyst loading (0.5-2.5 wt %), temperature (40-80 °C) and time of reaction (5-180 min) on the transesterification yield of waste cooking oil (WCO) in conventional thermal heating and microwave heating techniques. The analysis carried out revealed that the microwave assisted transesterification produced a comparable yield to conventional heating transesterification with ~5 times faster in heating up the reaction mixture to a reaction temperature and reduced ~90% of the reaction time required. This study concludes that microwave assisted transesterification, which is a green technology, may have great potential in reducing the processing time compared to conventional thermal heating transesterification.

scholarly journals Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil and Its Performance on Four Strokes IC Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
B. S V S R Krishna ◽  
Shivaraj B K
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Cooking Oil

Majority of biodiesel is produced from plant oil (Jatropha, Pongamia, Mahua, Neem, Cotton seed oil etc.), which requires large land area to grow. The major drawback of production of biodiesel in large scale is the cost of raw materials. One of the satisfactory methods to limit the Biodiesel (Methyl esters) production cost is to employ low price/quality raw material, for instance biodiesel production using waste cooking oil (WCO). Simultaneously solves the disposal problem of waste cooking oil. This is socioeconomic and environment friendly and it does not compete with fresh food oil resources. Waste cooking oil collected from different hotels in and around Manipal/Udupi of Karnataka, India. Transesterification reaction of WCO with methanol in presence of alkaline catalyst KOH has been accomplished in transesterification reactor. Experiments have been carried out at different operating conditions viz. catalyst loading (over the range of 0.4 to 3 wt %), oil to methanol ratio (1:3, 1:5, 1:6, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10 and 1:12), reaction temperature (50, 60 and 70 ºC) and reaction time (40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 minutes) to identify optimized conditions for preparation of biodiesel. At these conditions gave that maximum yield (~91.60 %) of biodiesel at catalyst loading of 0.85 wt %, oil to methanol ratio of 1:8, reaction temperature of 60 ºC and reaction time of 60 minutes. Biodiesel properties at different blends (B100, B30, B20, and B5) as prescribed by ASTM D6751-12 methods have been carried out. Its performance and emission test on diesel engine were also carried out.  

Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽  
Karthikeyan S. ◽  
Arun C.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

scholarly journals Microwave assisted transesterification of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using CaO extracted from green mussel shell waste and limestone as catalyst

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budiani F. Endrawati ◽  
Niar K. Julianti ◽  
Azmia R. Nafisah ◽  
Chandra S. Rahendaputri ◽  
Endah Mutiara
Keyword(s):  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Mussel Shell ◽  
Green Mussel ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Shell Waste

scholarly journals Optimization and Mathematical Modeling of Biodiesel Production using Homogenous Catalyst from Waste Cooking Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1733-1739
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Homogenous Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Load

In the present investigation, the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) to biodiesel over homogenous catalyst KOH have been carried out. To optimize the transesterification process variables both response surface method (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) mathematical models were applied to study the impact of process variables temperature, catalyst loading, methanol to oil ratio and the reaction time on biodiesel yield. The experiments were planned with a central composite design matrix using 24 factorial designs. A performance validation assessment was conducted between RSM and ANN. ANN models showed a high precision prediction competence in terms of coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9995), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE = 0.5702), Standard Predicted Deviation (SEP = 0.0133), Absolute Average Deviation (AAD = 0.0115) compared to RSM model. The concentration of catalyst load was identified as the most significant factor for the base catalyzed transesterification. Under optimum conditions, the maximum biodiesel yield of 88.3% was determined by the artificial neural network model at 60 ºC, 1.05 g catalyst load, 7:1 methanol to oil ratio and 90 min transesterification reaction time. The biodiesel was analyzed by GCMS and it showed the presence of hexadecanoic acid, 9- octadecenoic acid, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, eicosenoic acid, methyl 18-methyl-nonadecanoate, docosanoic acid, and tetracosanoic acid as key fatty acid methyl esters.

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of waste cooking oil for hydrocarbon bio-oil over metal oxides and HZSM-5 catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 113124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuhao Wu ◽  
Yunpu Wang ◽  
Yujie Peng ◽  
Linyao Ke ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Bio Oil

scholarly journals Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using S–TiO2/SBA-15 Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hossain ◽  
Md Siddik Bhuyan ◽  
Abul Md Ashraful Alam ◽  
Yong Seo
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst

The aim of this research was to synthesize, characterize, and apply a heterogeneous acid catalyst to optimum biodiesel production from hydrolyzed waste cooking oil via an esterification reaction, to meet society’s future demands. The solid acid catalyst S–TiO2/SBA-15 was synthesized by a direct wet impregnation method. The prepared catalyst was evaluated using analytical techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was studied to validate the experimental results. The catalytic effect on biodiesel production was examined by varying the parameters as follows: temperatures of 160 to 220 °C, 20–35 min reaction time, methanol-to-oil mole ratio between 5:1 and 20:1, and catalyst loading of 0.5%–1.25%. The maximum biodiesel yield was 94.96 ± 0.12% obtained under the optimum reaction conditions of 200 °C, 30 min, and 1:15 oil to methanol molar ratio with 1.0% catalyst loading. The catalyst was reused successfully three times with 90% efficiency without regeneration. The fuel properties of the produced biodiesel were found to be within the limits set by the specifications of the biodiesel standard. This solid acid catalytic method can replace the conventional homogeneous catalyzed transesterification of waste cooking oil for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals Short-Chain Polyglycerol Production via Microwave-Assisted Solventless Glycerol Polymerization Process Over Lioh-Modified Aluminium Pillared Clay Catalyst: Parametric Study

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid ◽  
Muhammad Ayoub ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Bawadi Abdullah ◽  
Rashid Shamsuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Pillared Clay ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Microwave Assisted

In the current study, microwave-assisted glycerol polymerization for short-chain polyglycerol production was conducted unprecedentedly over low-cost catalyst, lithium-modified aluminium pillared clay (Li/AlPC) catalysts without the solvent. The influences of disparate reaction parameters such as the effects of Li loadings (10, 20, 30 wt.%), catalyst loadings (2, 3, 4 wt.%), operating temperatures (200, 220, 240 °C) and operating times (1–4 h) on the glycerol conversions, and polyglycerol yield (particularly for diglycerol and triglycerol), were elucidated. The fresh catalysts were subjected to physicochemical properties evaluation via characterization techniques, viz. N2 physisorption, XRD, SEM, NH3-TPD and CO2-TPD. In comparison, 20 wt.% Li/AlPC demonstrated the best performance under non-conventional heating, credited to its outstanding textural properties (an increase of basal spacing to 21 Ȧ, high surface area of 95.48 m2/g, total basicity of 34.48 mmol/g and average pore diameter of 19.21 nm). Within the studied ranges, the highest glycerol conversion (98.85%) and polyglycerol yield (90.46%) were achieved when catalyst loading of 3 wt.%, reaction temperature of 220 °C and reaction time of 3 h were adopted. The results obtained also anticipated the higher energy efficiency of microwave-assisted polymerization than conventional technique (>8 h), as the reaction time for the former technology was shorter to attain the highest product yield. The study performed could potentially conduce the wise utilization of surplus glycerol generated from the biodiesel industry.

Effects of Microwave and Additional Co–Solvents on Two–Stage Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel Conversion

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 1136-1141
Author(s):  
Ming Chien Hsiao ◽  
Yung Hung Chang ◽  
Li Wen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Standard Value

This paper introduced a better solution to accelerating the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil by using suitable acidic and alkaline catalysts in a two-stage catalytic reaction. Next, a co-solvent named tetrahydrofuran (THF), which significantly increased mixing level of the reactants in the mixture of vegetable oil and methanol, was added to form a single phase system. The whole system was then put into a microwave oven to support heat for the transesterification of biodiesel to shorten the reaction time. Reaction conditions of the first stage were methanol to oil molar ratio of 9:1, catalyst amount 1wt%, reaction temperature 60 oC and reaction time 7.5 minutes. In the second stage, for the transesterification, reaction conditions were methanol to oil molar ratio 12:1, catalyst loadings 1 wt%, reaction temperature 60 oC and reaction time 1.5 minutes. Finally, the conversion rate of biodiesel after the nine-minute reaction time was 97.38% which was higher than the EU EN14214 standard value of 96.5%.

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