Mechanism and free energy profile of base-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation reaction

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (63) ◽  
pp. 57803-57810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen V. Dalessandro ◽  
Hugo P. Collin ◽  
Marcelo S. Valle ◽  
Josefredo R. Pliego
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Theoretical Calculation ◽  
Knoevenagel Condensation ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Knoevenagel Reaction ◽  
Energy Profile ◽  
Hydroxide Ion ◽  
Free Energy Profile ◽  
Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction

A reliable theoretical calculation of the free energy profile of a base-catalyzed Knoevenagel reaction shows that hydroxide ion elimination step is rate determining.

scholarly journals Layered double hydroxide anchored ionic liquids as amphiphilic heterogeneous catalysts for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 3059-3067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengfei Li ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Haralampos N. Miras ◽  
Yu-Fei Song
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Knoevenagel Condensation ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Knoevenagel Reaction ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Solid Base Catalysts ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Excellent Activity ◽  
Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction ◽  
Double Hydroxide

In this paper, three solid base catalysts of LDH-IL-Cn (n = 4, 8, 12) were synthesized by adopting an exfoliation/assembly approach. The as-prepared catalyst showed excellent activity and selectivity for the Knoevenagel reaction in aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Knoevenagel condensation reaction catalysed by agro-waste extract as a greener solvent catalyst

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Krishnappa B. Badiger ◽  
Kantharaju Kamanna
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Knoevenagel Condensation ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Knoevenagel Reaction ◽  
Organic Solvent Extraction ◽  
Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction ◽  
Waste Extract ◽  
Heterocyclic Aldehydes

This paper present a novel Knoevenagel reaction protocol for the condensation of aromatic/heteroaromatic aldehydes with malononitrile to give α, β–unsaturated benzylidene derivatives. The main focus of this work is to reveal the usability of agro-waste extracts as a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation. The present protocol proceeds efficiently for various substituted aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes in the Knoevenagel reactions. In addition, the present method describes direct isolation of the formed products without using organic solvent extraction gave good yields product.

scholarly journals Solvent-free Knoevenagel reaction catalysed by reusable pyrrolidinium base protic ionic liquids (PyrrILs): synthesis of long-chain alkylidenes

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 3214-3221 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. M. Alves Sobrinho ◽  
P. M. de Oliveira ◽  
C. R. Montes D'Oca ◽  
D. Russowsky ◽  
M. G. Montes D'Oca
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Knoevenagel Condensation ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Knoevenagel Reaction ◽  
Protic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction ◽  
Pyrrolidinium Ionic Liquid ◽  
Long Chain

In this work, an efficient and reusable pyrrolidinium ionic liquid (PyrrIL) catalysis system was developed and used in a Knoevenagel condensation reaction of long-chain aldehydes with several 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.

Free energy profile analysis to identify factors activating the aggregation-induced emission of a cyanostilbene derivative

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norifumi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Energy Profile ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Free Energy Profile ◽  
Aggregation Induced Emission ◽  
Energy Profiles ◽  
Free Energy Profiles

The contributing factors that cause the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) are determined by identifying characteristic differences in the free energy profiles of the AIE processes of the AIE-active E-form of CN-MBE and the inactive Z-form.

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