Carbonate and carbonate anion radicals in aqueous solutions exist as CO3(H2O)62− and CO3(H2O)6˙− respectively: the crucial role of the inner hydration sphere of anions in explaining their properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 9429-9435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shmuel Zilberg ◽  
Amir Mizrahi ◽  
Dan Meyerstein ◽  
Haya Kornweitz
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Hydration Sphere ◽  
Carbonate Anion ◽  
Anion Radicals

An effort to reproduce the physical properties of CO32− and CO3˙− in water proves that one has to include an inner hydration sphere of six water molecules for both anions.

Radiothermal radiation method for aqueous solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Morozova ◽  
S.V. Savel’ev
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Basic Substance ◽  
High Dilutions

For the first time, an ultra-high-sensitivity method for measuring radio-thermal radiation was developed and used in practice in order to establish the difference in the physical properties of aqueous solutions of substances in the millimeter region of the spectrum. The method is used to study the dynamics of the dielectric properties of aqueous solutions depending on the composition of the base substance and its concentration. The dynamics of dielectric properties establishes a one-to-one correspondence between the number and concentration of ions of the dissolved basic substance contained in water and the number of water molecules involved in cooperative interaction, which gives a consistent microscopic picture of ion-water cooperative interactions in the studied aqueous solutions of K2SO4 and Cs2SO4. The density of water molecules perturbed by the ions of the base substance contained in the hydration shell at normal concentrations is proportional to the number of ions, while the transition to weaker solutions leads to the creation of multilayer hydration shells. This means that the number of perturbed water molecules, depending on the number of ions, increases according to a law different from linear. In accordance with the experimental data, the values of the absorption coefficients of aqueous solutions were determined in a wide range of concentrations for alkali metal sulfates. It is noted that alkali metal sulfates have physical properties that generalize the dynamics of dielectric constants depending on the concentration of the base substance. A monotonic increase in the values of the absorption coefficients of solutions with a decrease in the concentration of basic substances in the region of high dilutions was established with individual dynamics for each basic substance, reflecting the total hydration changes in salt solutions. Research has shown that the proposed method for measuring radio-thermal radiation fixes a significant difference in the values of the dielectric constants of aqueous solutions at high dilutions from their values for water.

scholarly journals Calculation of the Effective Macromolecular Radii of Human Serum Albumin from the Shear Viscosity Data for Its Aqueous Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Khorolskyi
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Effective Radius ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Molecular Radius

The Malomuzh–Orlov theory is used to analyze the experimental shear viscosity data obtained for aqueous solutions of human serum albumin (HSA) at pH = 7.0 in wide temperature and concentration intervals, which allowed the effective radii of HSA macromolecules to be calculated. It is shown that three intervals of the effective molecular radius of HSA with different behaviors can be distinguished in a temperature interval of 278–318 K: 1) below the crossover concentration, the effective molecular radius of HSA remains constant; 2) in the interval from the crossover concentration to about 10 wt%, the effective molecular radius of HSA in the aqueous solution nonlinearly decreases; and 3) at concentrations of 10.2–23.8 wt%, the effective radius of HSA macromolecules linearly decreases, as the concentration grows. The assumption is made that the properties of water molecules in the solution bulk play a crucial role in the dynamics of HSA macromolecules at the vital concentrations of HSA in the solutions. The role of water near the surface of HSA macromolecules and the corresponding changes of its physical properties have been discussed.

An ESR study of UV-irradiated solutions of tetramethylammonium mercaptoundecahydro-closo-dodecaborate(2-) at 77 K

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Stopka ◽  
Oldřich Štrouf
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Oxygen Molecule ◽  
Superoxide Anion Radicals ◽  
Anion Radicals

The superoxide anion-radicals O2·- are generated by the ultraviolet irradiation of air- or oxygen-saturated aqueous solutions of tetramethylammonium mercaptoundecahydro-closo-dodecaborate(2-) at 77 K. The superoxide anion-radicals are formed from the oxygen molecule coordinated on the mercaptoundecahydro-closo-dodecaborate dianion. In the absence of this dianion no O2·- are generated. By the irradiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide the formation of the superoxide anion-radicals is more intensive than in the presence of oxygen only. Simultaneously with O2·- generation the corresponding thiol radicals are formed. These radicals give the disulfide compound [B12H11S]24-. A possible role of sulfur-centered radicals in the autoxidation transformations of the mercaptoundecahydro-closo-dodecaborate dianion is discussed.

Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopic Preference in Hydration Spheres of Magnesium and Calcium Ions

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 362-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Oi ◽  
Kunihiko Sato ◽  
Kazuki Umemoto
Keyword(s):  
Partition Function ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Oxygen Isotopes ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Hydrogen Isotopes ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Molecular Orbital Calculations ◽  
Hydration Sphere

Molecular orbital calculations were performed to estimate the 18O/16O and D/H isotopic reduced partition function ratios (rpfrs) of water molecules around magnesium and calcium ions. As model for water molecules in the ith hydration sphere of the cation in aqueous solutions containing that cation, we considered water molecules in the ith hydration sphere that were surrounded by water molecules in the (i+1)th hydration sphere in clusters, M2+(H2O)n (M = Mg or Ca; n up to 100). The calculations indicated that the decreasing order of the 18O preference over 16O in the primary hydration sphere is Mg2+ > Ca2+ > bulk water. That is, water molecules in the primary hydration spheres of the Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions are expected to be enriched in the heavier isotope of oxygen relative to water molecules in bulk, and the degree of the enrichment is larger for the Mg2+ ion than for the Ca2+ ion. No such preference was observed for hydrogen isotopes in any hydration sphere or for oxygen isotopes in the secondary and outer hydration spheres.

Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-8 films : Crucial role of growth-induced linear defects in microwave properties

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (PR11) ◽  
pp. Pr11-47-Pr11-52
Author(s):  
V. M. Pan ◽  
V. S. Flis ◽  
V. A. Komashko ◽  
O. G. Plys ◽  
C. G. Tretiatchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Microwave Properties ◽  
Linear Defects

Long-Term Correlations In Diffusive Motion Of Water Molecules And Rare Gas Atoms In Helium And Argon Aqueous Solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.P. Voloshin ◽  
◽  
G.G. Malenkov ◽  
Yu.I. Naberukhin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Rare Gas ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Diffusive Motion ◽  
Rare Gas Atoms

ANALISIS YURIDIS PUTUSAN PENGADILAN NEGERI BLORA TENTANG DUALISME KEPENGURUSAN YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM KARTAYUDA YANG AKTA PENDIRIANNYA DIBUAT OLEH DAN DIHADAPAN NOTARIS (Studi Kasus Putusan Perkara PN Blora No. 34/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Bla)

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Muslim Ansori ◽  
Akhmad Khisni
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Education System ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Right

With the enactment of the Education System Act no 20 of 2003 (better known as the Sisdiknas Act), the State has determined that educational institutions should have a legal umbrella in the form of a legal entity, or better known as the Legal Entity Education. As a non-profit organization, the Foundation is the right legal entity that becomes a place for educational institutions, especially private schools. Therefore, of course, Notary has a very crucial role in making notary deed in the form of establishment and deed of change, such as example how in making the right basic budget and not multi interpresatasi for stake holders in the foundation. Therefore, the role of function and authority of the organ of the foundation must be clearly stated in the articles of association, so as not to cause a dispute in the future.KEYWORDS: Notaries, Foundation, Organ Foundation,

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