scholarly journals Tunable luminescence from two dimensional BCNO nanophosphor for high-contrast cellular imaging

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (66) ◽  
pp. 41486-41494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bipin Kumar Gupta ◽  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Garima Kedawat ◽  
Kanika Kanika ◽  
Sajna Antony Vithayathil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Cellular Imaging ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
High Contrast

Multi-colour emitting nanophosphors provide a paradigm shift in rare-earth free biocompatible nanoprobes for in vitro and in vivo imaging applications.

Specific Labeling of Protein Domains with Antibody Fragments

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
L.E. Buhle ◽  
W.E. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Antibody Fragments ◽  
Supramolecular Organization ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Virus Capsids ◽  
Processing Techniques

Many important supramolecular structures such as filaments, microtubules, virus capsids and certain membrane proteins and bacterial cell walls exist as ordered polymers or two-dimensional crystalline arrays in vivo. In several instances it has been possible to induce soluble proteins to form ordered polymers or two-dimensional crystalline arrays in vitro. In both cases a combination of electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens with analog or digital image processing techniques has proven extremely useful for elucidating the molecular and supramolecular organization of the constituent proteins. However from the reconstructed stain exclusion patterns it is often difficult to identify distinct stain excluding regions with specific protein subunits. To this end it has been demonstrated that in some cases this ambiguity can be resolved by a combination of stoichiometric labeling of the ordered structures with subunit-specific antibody fragments (e.g. Fab) and image processing of the electron micrographs recorded from labeled and unlabeled structures.

Two-dimensional echocardiographic recognition of mural thrombi: In-vivo and in-vitro studies

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milutin Drobac ◽  
Harry Rakowski ◽  
Brian W. Gilbert ◽  
Michael X. Glynn ◽  
Malcolm D. Silver
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Two Dimensional

In vitro and in vivo investigations on the antiviral activity of a series of mixed-valence rare earth borotungstate heteropoly blues

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1963-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Nan Liu ◽  
Shuo Shi ◽  
Wen-Jie Mei ◽  
Cai-Ping Tan ◽  
Lan-Mei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Heteropoly Blues

scholarly journals Recapitulating tumour microenvironment in chitosan–gelatin three-dimensional scaffolds: an improved in vitro tumour model

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (77) ◽  
pp. 3288-3302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Arya ◽  
Viren Sardana ◽  
Meera Saxena ◽  
Annapoorni Rangarajan ◽  
Dhirendra S. Katti
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Tumour Model

Owing to the reduced co-relationship between conventional flat Petri dish culture (two-dimensional) and the tumour microenvironment, there has been a shift towards three-dimensional culture systems that show an improved analogy to the same. In this work, an extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking three-dimensional scaffold based on chitosan and gelatin was fabricated and explored for its potential as a tumour model for lung cancer. It was demonstrated that the chitosan–gelatin (CG) scaffolds supported the formation of tumoroids that were similar to tumours grown in vivo for factors involved in tumour-cell–ECM interaction, invasion and metastasis, and response to anti-cancer drugs. On the other hand, the two-dimensional Petri dish surfaces did not demonstrate gene-expression profiles similar to tumours grown in vivo . Further, the three-dimensional CG scaffolds supported the formation of tumoroids, using other types of cancer cells such as breast, cervix and bone, indicating a possible wider potential for in vitro tumoroid generation. Overall, the results demonstrated that CG scaffolds can be an improved in vitro tool to study cancer progression and drug screening for solid tumours.

Osmoregulation of vasopressin in diabetic ketoacidosis

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. E723-E728
Author(s):  
J. A. Durr ◽  
W. H. Hoffman ◽  
J. Hensen ◽  
A. H. Sklar ◽  
T. el Gammal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
The Right

Osmoregulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) is altered in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). With hyperglycemia, the AVP-plasma sodium (PNa) curve is displaced to the left, whereas the AVP-osmolality (Posm) curve is displaced to the right. The shift in the Na curve is explained by either resetting of the Na set point or by glucose acting as a nonpermeable solute, substituting for Na. Conversely, putative unmeasured solutes that, like urea, fail to affect AVP have been postulated to account for the right shift in the AVP-Posm curve. Therefore the respective roles of Posm = sigma [Xi] and plasma tonicity (Pton = sigma [sigmaiXi]), i.e., the sum of concentrations of all solutes [Xi] corrected (Pton) or not (Posm) for their relative cell permeability (sigma i), were studied in DKA. Indeed, Posm = sigma [Xi] exceeds Pton = sigma [sigma iXi] in DKA, since sigma i less than 1 for glucose. Potential determinants of AVP release (Posm, Pton, and PNa) were monitored in 7 patients with DKA. Conventional correlation analysis and two-dimensional (2D) graphs reproduced the paradox of an opposite shift in PNa and Posm set points for AVP release. However, by using the concept of tonicity instead of osmolality, 3D plots instead of 2D graphs, and multiple regressions instead of correlations, the AVP-PNa and AVP-Pton curves did not appear displaced. The concept of tonicity resolved the paradox of both osmolality and Na thresholds reset in opposite directions. Indeed, in states where a solute like glucose (with sigma less than 1) contributes substantially to plasma osmolality, Posm measured in vitro by the osmometer greatly exceeds Pton perceived in vivo by the osmoreceptor.

Enhanced In Vitro and In Vivo Cellular Imaging with Green Tea Coated Water-Soluble Iron Oxide Nanocrystals

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 6530-6540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisong Xiao ◽  
Marianne Mertens ◽  
Laura Wortmann ◽  
Silke Kremer ◽  
Martin Valldor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Cellular Imaging ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Iron

scholarly journals Spike afterpotentials shape the in-vivo burst activity of principal cells in medial entorhinal cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dóra É. Csordás ◽  
Caroline Fischer ◽  
Johannes Nagele ◽  
Martin Stemmler ◽  
Andreas V.M. Herz
Keyword(s):  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Medial Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Whole Cell

AbstractPrincipal neurons in rodent medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) generate high-frequency bursts during natural behavior. While in vitro studies point to potential mechanisms that could support such burst sequences, it remains unclear whether these mechanisms are effective under in-vivo conditions. In this study, we focused on the membrane-potential dynamics immediately following action potentials, as measured in whole-cell recordings from male mice running in virtual corridors (Domnisoru et al., 2013). These afterpotentials consisted either of a hyperpolarization, an extended ramp-like shoulder, or a depolarization reminiscent of depolarizing afterpotentials (DAPs) recorded in vitro in MEC stellate and pyramidal neurons. Next, we correlated the afterpotentials with the cells’ propensity to fire bursts. All DAP cells with known location resided in Layer II, generated bursts, and their inter-spike intervals (ISIs) were typically between five and fifteen milliseconds. The ISI distributions of Layer-II cells without DAPs peaked sharply at around four milliseconds and varied only minimally across that group. This dichotomy in burst behavior is explained by cell-group-specific DAP dynamics. The same two groups of bursting neurons also emerged when we clustered extracellular spike-train autocorrelations measured in real two-dimensional arenas (Latuske et al., 2015). No difference in the spatial coding properties of the grid cells across all three groups was discernible. Layer III neurons were only sparsely bursting and had no DAPs. As various mechanisms for modulating the ion-channels underlying DAPs exist, our results suggest that the temporal features of MEC activity can be altered while maintaining the cells’ spatial tuning characteristics.Significance StatementDepolarizing afterpotentials (DAPs) are frequently observed in principal neurons from slice preparations of rodent medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), but their functional role in vivo is unknown. Analyzing whole-cell data from mice running on virtual tracks, we show that DAPs do occur during behavior. Cells with prominent DAPs are found in Layer II; their inter-spike intervals reflect DAP time-scales. In contrast, neither the rarely bursting cells in Layer III, nor the high-frequency bursters in Layer II, have a DAP. Extracellular recordings from mice exploring real two-dimensional arenas demonstrate that grid cells within these three groups have rather similar spatial coding properties. We conclude that DAPs shape the temporal but not the spatial response characteristics of principal neurons in MEC.Author contributionsAll authors designed research. DÉC, CF, and JN performed research and analyzed data (equal contribution). AVMH wrote and edited the paper with support from MS and the other authors.

scholarly journals Combination of terbium-161 with somatostatin receptor antagonists—a potential paradigm shift for the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Borgna ◽  
Stephanie Haller ◽  
Josep M. Monné Rodriguez ◽  
Mihaela Ginj ◽  
Pascal V. Grundler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Therapeutic Advantage ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Single Cancer ◽  
Therapy Studies

Abstract Purpose The β¯-emitting terbium-161 also emits conversion and Auger electrons, which are believed to be effective in killing single cancer cells. Terbium-161 was applied with somatostatin receptor (SSTR) agonists that localize in the cytoplasm (DOTATOC) and cellular nucleus (DOTATOC-NLS) or with a SSTR antagonist that localizes at the cell membrane (DOTA-LM3). The aim was to identify the most favorable peptide/terbium-161 combination for the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Methods The capability of the 161Tb- and 177Lu-labeled somatostatin (SST) analogues to reduce viability and survival of SSTR-positive AR42J tumor cells was investigated in vitro. The radiopeptides’ tissue distribution profiles were assessed in tumor-bearing mice. The efficacy of terbium-161 compared to lutetium-177 was investigated in therapy studies in mice using DOTATOC or DOTA-LM3, respectively. Results In vitro, [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 was 102-fold more potent than [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-LM3; however, 161Tb-labeled DOTATOC and DOTATOC-NLS were only 4- to fivefold more effective inhibiting tumor cell viability than their 177Lu-labeled counterparts. This result was confirmed in vivo and demonstrated that [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 was significantly more effective in delaying tumor growth than [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-LM3, thereby, prolonging survival of the mice. A therapeutic advantage of terbium-161 over lutetium-177 was also manifest when applied with DOTATOC. Since the nuclear localizing sequence (NLS) compromised the in vivo tissue distribution of DOTATOC-NLS, it was not used for therapy. Conclusion The use of membrane-localizing DOTA-LM3 was beneficial and profited from the short-ranged electrons emitted by terbium-161. Based on these preclinical data, [161Tb]Tb-DOTA-LM3 may outperform the clinically employed [177Lu]Lu-DOTATOC for the treatment of patients with NENs.

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