scholarly journals Recent progress in extrusion 3D bioprinting of hydrogel biomaterials for tissue regeneration: a comprehensive review with focus on advanced fabrication techniques

Author(s):  
Mohsen Askari ◽  
Moqaddaseh Afzali Naniz ◽  
Monireh Kouhi ◽  
Azadeh Saberi ◽  
Ali Zolfagharian ◽  
...  

Over the last decade, 3D bioprinting has received immense attention from research communities to bridge the divergence between artificially engineered tissue constructs and native tissues.




2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Syafira Masri ◽  
Mazlan Zawani ◽  
Izzat Zulkiflee ◽  
Atiqah Salleh ◽  
Nur Izzah Md Fadilah ◽  
...  

Skin substitutes can provide a temporary or permanent treatment option for chronic wounds. The selection of skin substitutes depends on several factors, including the type of wound and its severity. Full-thickness skin grafts (SGs) require a well-vascularised bed and sometimes will lead to contraction and scarring formation. Besides, donor sites for full-thickness skin grafts are very limited if the wound area is big, and it has been proven to have the lowest survival rate compared to thick- and thin-split thickness. Tissue engineering technology has introduced new advanced strategies since the last decades to fabricate the composite scaffold via the 3D-bioprinting approach as a tissue replacement strategy. Considering the current global donor shortage for autologous split-thickness skin graft (ASSG), skin 3D-bioprinting has emerged as a potential alternative to replace the ASSG treatment. The three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinting technique yields scaffold fabrication with the combination of biomaterials and cells to form bioinks. Thus, the essential key factor for success in 3D-bioprinting is selecting and developing suitable bioinks to maintain the mechanisms of cellular activity. This crucial stage is vital to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) for the sustainability of cell viability before tissue regeneration. This comprehensive review outlined the application of the 3D-bioprinting technique to develop skin tissue regeneration. The cell viability of human skin cells, dermal fibroblasts (DFs), and keratinocytes (KCs) during in vitro testing has been further discussed prior to in vivo application. It is essential to ensure the printed tissue/organ constantly allows cellular activities, including cell proliferation rate and migration capacity. Therefore, 3D-bioprinting plays a vital role in developing a complex skin tissue structure for tissue replacement approach in future precision medicine.



2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-787
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Dhawan ◽  
Vishal Kumar ◽  
Pankaj S. Girase ◽  
Sithabile Mokoena ◽  
Rajshekhar Karpoormath


2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (4) ◽  
pp. pdb.prot5416-pdb.prot5416 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Poche ◽  
J. E. Saik ◽  
J. L. West ◽  
M. E. Dickinson


2021 ◽  
pp. 2102661
Author(s):  
Ariel A. Szklanny ◽  
Majd Machour ◽  
Idan Redenski ◽  
Václav Chochola ◽  
Idit Goldfracht ◽  
...  


2018 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 1990-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bablu K. Ghosh ◽  
Chadwin N.J. Weoi ◽  
Aminul Islam ◽  
Swapan K. Ghosh


Real-time PCR offers a wide area of application to analyze the role of gene activity in various biological aspects at the molecular level with higher specificity, sensitivity and the potential to troubleshoot with post-PCR processing and difficulties. With the recent advancement in the development of functional tissue graft for the regeneration of damaged/diseased tissue, it is effective to analyze the cell behaviour and differentiation over tissue construct toward specific lineage through analyzing the expression of an array of specific genes. With the ability to collect data in the exponential phase, the application of Real-Time PCR has been expanded into various fields such as tissue engineering ranging from absolute quantification of gene expression to determine neo-tissue regeneration and its maturation. In addition to its usage as a research tool, numerous advancements in molecular diagnostics have been achieved, including microbial quantification, determination of gene dose and cancer research. Also, in order to consistently quantify mRNA levels, Northern blotting and in situ hybridization (ISH) methods are less preferred due to low sensitivity, poor precision in detecting gene expression at a low level. An amplification step is thus frequently required to quantify mRNA amounts from engineered tissues of limited size. When analyzing tissue-engineered constructs or studying biomaterials–cells interactions, it is pertinent to quantify the performance of such constructs in terms of extracellular matrix formation while in vitro and in vivo examination, provide clues regarding the performance of various tissue constructs at the molecular level. In this chapter, our focus is on Basics of qPCR, an overview of technical aspects of Real-time PCR; recent Protocol used in the lab, primer designing, detection methods and troubleshooting of the experimental problems.



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