Shape-transformation of polymersomes from glassy and crosslinkable ABA triblock copolymers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (38) ◽  
pp. 8914-8924
Author(s):  
Tamuka Chidanguro ◽  
Elina Ghimire ◽  
Yoan C. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Triblock Copolymers ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Shape Transformation ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
Pressure Changes

We used osmotic pressure changes to induce shape transformation in glassy polymersomes from crosslinkable ABA triblock copolymers. We observed that both the speed of osmotic pressure changes and order of crosslinking affect shape change behavior.

scholarly journals Modelling Nuclear Morphology and Shape Transformation: A Review

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Chao Fang ◽  
Jiaxing Yao ◽  
Xingyu Xia ◽  
Yuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Shape Change ◽  
Boundary Integral ◽  
Shape Transformation ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Intracellular Forces ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Made In

As one of the most important cellular compartments, the nucleus contains genetic materials and separates them from the cytoplasm with the nuclear envelope (NE), a thin membrane that is susceptible to deformations caused by intracellular forces. Interestingly, accumulating evidence has also indicated that the morphology change of NE is tightly related to nuclear mechanotransduction and the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer and Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Theoretically, with the help of well-designed experiments, significant progress has been made in understanding the physical mechanisms behind nuclear shape transformation in different cellular processes as well as its biological implications. Here, we review different continuum-level (i.e., energy minimization, boundary integral and finite element-based) approaches that have been developed to predict the morphology and shape change of the cell nucleus. Essential gradients, relative advantages and limitations of each model will be discussed in detail, with the hope of sparking a greater research interest in this important topic in the future.

Colloid osmotic pressure changes of dog's blood exposed to different mixtures of CO2 and air

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kakiuchi ◽  
A. B. DuBois ◽  
D. Gorenberg
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Different Levels

Hansen's membrane manometer method for measuring plasma colloid osmotic pressure was used to obtain the osmolality changes of dogs breathing different levels of CO2. Osmotic pressure was converted to osmolality by calibration of the manometer with saline and plasma, using freezing point depression osmometry. The addition of 10 vol% of CO2 to tonometered blood caused about a 2.0 mosmol/kg H2O increase of osmolality, or 1.2% increase of red blood cell volume. The swelling of the red blood cells was probably due to osmosis caused by Cl- exchanged for the HCO3- which was produced rapidly by carbonic anhydrase present in the red blood cells. The change in colloid osmotic pressure accompanying a change in co2 tension was measured on blood obtained from dogs breathing different CO2 mixtures. It was approximately 0.14 mosmol/kg H2O per Torr Pco2. The corresponding change in red cell volume could not be calculated from this because water can exchange between the plasma and tissues.

The Sensitivity of the Pedal Ganglion of the Slug to Osmotic Pressure Changes

1956 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-501
Author(s):  
G. A. KERKUT ◽  
B. J. R. TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bathing Solution ◽  
Pedal Ganglion ◽  
Bathing Medium ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Fluid Concentration ◽  
Locke Solution ◽  
Pressure Changes

1. The effects of different dilutions of Locke solution on the electrical activity of the isolated pedal ganglion of the slug can be reproduced by adding different concentrations of glucose of mannitol to a given concentration of Locke. 2. This indicates that certain cells in the pedal ganglion are sensitive to the osmotic pressure of the solution and not its ionic concentration. 3. The preparation is sensitive to slow changes in the concentration of the bathing medium. The cells increased their activity when the bathing solution was slowly changed from 0.7 Locke to 0.6 Locke, the change taking 43 min. This corresponds approximately to a change of 1% of the body fluid concentration over 4 min. Such rates of change are found in the normal intact animal. 4. The sensitivity of the preparation compares well with that of the mammalian osmoreceptors.

Peripartum Colloid Osmotic Pressure Changes

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
B. Gonik ◽  
D. Cotton ◽  
T. Spillman ◽  
E. Abouleish ◽  
F. Zavisca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Changes

scholarly journals Sensing of Osmotic Pressure Changes in Tomato Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 1169-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Felix ◽  
Martin Regenass ◽  
Thomas Boller
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Changes

scholarly journals Investigating the self-assembly and shape transformation of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactide) (PEG-PDLLA) polymersomes by tailoring solvent-polymer interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imke A. B. Pijpers ◽  
Fenghua Meng ◽  
Jan C. M. van Hest ◽  
Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Solvent Composition ◽  
The Self ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Shape Transformation ◽  
Polymer Interactions ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Different ratios between THF and dioxane were used to study the effect of organic solvent composition on the self-assembly and subsequent shape-change of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactide) (PEG-PDLLA) polymersomes.

Wake Structures and Effect of Hydrofoil Shapes in Efficient Flapping Propulsion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kelly ◽  
Pan Han ◽  
Haibo Dong ◽  
Tyler Van Buren
Keyword(s):  
Shape Change ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Chord Length ◽  
Immersed Boundary ◽  
Shape Transformation ◽  
Propulsive Efficiency ◽  
Favorable Pressure Gradient ◽  
Edge Vortex ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Numerical Solver

Abstract In this work, direct numerical simulation (DNS) is used to investigate how airfoil shape affects wake structure and performance during a pitching-heaving motion. First, a class-shape transformation (CST) method is used to generate airfoil shapes. CST coefficients are then varied in a parametric study to create geometries that are simulated in a pitching and heaving motion via an immersed boundary method-based numerical solver. The results show that most coefficients have little effect on the propulsive efficiency, but the second coefficient does have a very large effect. Looking at the CST basis functions shows that the effect of this coefficient is concentrated near the 25% mark of the foils chord length. By observing the thrust force and hydrodynamic power through a period of motion it is shown that the effect of the foil shape change is realized near the middle of each flapping motion. Through further inspection of the wake structures, we conclude that this is due to the leading-edge vortex attaching better to the foil shapes with a larger thickness around 25% of the chord length. This is verified by the pressure contours, which show a lower pressure along the leading edge of the better performing foils. The more favorable pressure gradient generated allows for higher efficiency motion.

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