Physical Mixture of a Cyclic Lipopeptide Vaccine Induced High Titres of Opsonic IgG Antibodies against Group A Streptococcus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison Younger Robertson Madge ◽  
Wenbin Huang ◽  
Lachlan Gilmartin ◽  
Berta Rigau-Planella ◽  
Waleed M Hussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Physical Mixture ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cyclic Lipopeptide ◽  
Group A ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Untreated or reoccurring group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection can lead to a number of post-infection complications, including rheumatic heart disease. There is no licenced vaccine for the treatment or prevention...

scholarly journals 853. Epidemiology of Groups A, C, and G β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S18-S19
Author(s):  
James Ray Mata Lim ◽  
Bobby L Boyanton ◽  
Julie George ◽  
Matthew Sims
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Streptococcal Pharyngitis ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Group A ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Abstract Background Treatment of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis is imperative to mitigate sequelae such as rheumatic heart disease. The need for treatment of Group C Streptococcus (GCS) and Group G Streptococcus (GGS) pharyngitis is unclear, as rheumatogenic sequelae have not been well documented. Our institution switched from culture to molecular confirmation testing for a negative rapid streptococcal antigen detection test. Cultures reported GAS whereas molecular testing reported GAS, GCS, and GGS. We performed a retrospective chart review to examine the epidemiological differences of GAS, GCS, and GGS pharyngitis. Methods Records were obtained of pharyngeal samples from patients sent for testing at Beaumont Health Laboratory. In all, 92,369 records were analyzed. There were 47,106 records of cultures from May 2012 through December 2014 and 45,263 records of molecular testing from May 2015 to December 2017. Samples positive for either GCS or GGS were reported as positive for Group CG Streptococcus (GCGS). Epidemiological factors were evaluated. If available, electronic records from GCGS positive samples were evaluated for clinical features, antibiotics used, and sequelae or complications reported. Results Molecular testing showed GAS positivity of 9.3% (n = 4,189) and GCGS positivity of 1.5% (n = 687). GCGS pharyngitis was more likely during the summer months and in young adults 13 years and older than children under 13 years. GAS pharyngitis was more likely during spring months and in children aged 4–9 years. Mean age of GCGS pharyngitis was 13 vs. 8.6 years for GAS pharyngitis. Similar results were obtained for GAS between culture and molecular testing records. Amoxicillin was most often prescribed for treatment of GCGS. There were few instances of severe GCGS exudative or recurrent pharyngitis that required hospitalization or tonsillectomy. There were no cases of rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease associated with GCGS. Conclusion This is the largest study based on our literature review to evaluate the epidemiology of GAS, GCS, and GGS pharyngitis in children and adults. We found a seasonal and age difference between GAS and GCGS. Complications were rare, and no rheumatogenic sequelae were noted from GCGS infections. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

scholarly journals Rheumatic Heart Disease and Its Association with H. pylori Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghadeer Turki Aloutaibi ◽  
Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki ◽  
Maha J. Balgoon ◽  
Saud A. Bahaidarah ◽  
Said Salama Moselhy
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Group A ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) triggered by Group A streptococcus bacterium due to post-infectious and non-supportive pharyngeal infection. Depending on certain conditions, such as genetic predisposition to the disease, the prevalence of various cases of rheumatism and socioeconomic status in different regions, ARF can have different clinical manifestations. The disease typically manifested by one or more acute episodes, whereas 30-50% of all repeated ARF status can result in chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD) with gradual and irreversible heart valve damage and also have been found to be correlated with a raised risk of myocardial infarction (MI), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dyslipidemia. The RHD is the only long-term consequence of ARF and the most serious. The development to chronic RHD is determined by many factors, most notably the frequent episodes of rheumatic fever (RF). The RHD is known socially and economically as being the most frequent heart disease in vulnerable populations. H.pylori infection has been proposed to be involved RHD greater than that of the normal healthy people. H.pylori can be considered as one of the probable risk factor for RHD.It was concluded that patients with H. Pylori should be advised to follow up in cardiology clinics to avoid any complications.

scholarly journals Towards developing a vaccine for rheumatic heart disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geethanjali Devadoss Gandhi ◽  
Navaneethakrishnan Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Ussama M. Abdel Motal ◽  
Magdi Yacoub
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Poor Patient Compliance ◽  
Group A ◽  
Streptococcal Proteins ◽  
Host Tissues ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most serious manifestations of rheumatic fever, which is caused by group A Streptococcus (GAS or Streptococcus pyogenes) infection. RHD is an auto immune sequelae of GAS pharyngitis, rather than the direct bacterial infection of the heart, which leads to chronic heart valve damage. Although antibiotics like penicillin are effective against GAS infection, improper medical care such as poor patient compliance, overcrowding, poverty, and repeated exposure to GAS, leads to acute rheumatic fever and RHD. Thus, efforts have been put forth towards developing a vaccine. However, a potential global vaccine is yet to be identified due to the widespread diversity of S. pyogenes strains and cross reactivity of streptococcal proteins with host tissues. In this review, we discuss the available vaccine targets of S. pyogenes and the significance of in silico approaches in designing a vaccine for RHD. 

scholarly journals Rheumatic Heart Disease in Indian Paediatrics: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Vahini B. ◽  
Narenthiran C. K. ◽  
Keerthana Chandrasekar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Viral Myocarditis ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Group A ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Line Drug ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a condition in which the valves of the heart are damaged, it is mainly caused by Group A Streptococcus, it mainly affects the paediatrics and young adults. Inflammation occurs in the joints, heart and blood vessels due to group A streptococcus. The exact pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease is unknown. It is manifested as fatigue, chest pain and shortness of breath; pulmonary hypertension, heart failure are some of the complications of the disease. Endocarditis, viral myocarditis and prolapse of the mitral valve are the differential diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease. It is diagnosed by revised Jones and World Heart Federation criteria. Benzylpenicillin is the first-line drug for rheumatic heart disease, followed by oral Penicillin V, Erythromycin can be recommended. Paediatrics who are allergic to Penicillin Azithromycin, Erythromycin can be recommended based on Indian paediatrics and World Health Organization guidelines. It is prevented by reducing the exposure to infection in high-risk regions; treat with appropriate antibiotics; prevent recurrence of infections and complications. The aim of this review is to highlight rheumatic heart disease in paediatric population.

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