Studies on halotolerance in a moderately halophilic bacterium. Effect of growth conditions on salt resistance of the respiratory system

The effect of sodium chloride on the respiratory activity of a moderately halophilic halotolerant bacterium was studied. Irrespective of growth conditions, resting cells oxidized succinate at a low rate unless sodium chloride was included in the assay mixture, maximum respiratory rates being obtained for sodium chloride concentrations between 0·2m and 0·8m. Neither potassium chloride nor sucrose could replace the sodium salt. The response of the respiratory system to sodium chloride concentration above the optimum depended on growth conditions. Respiration of cells harvested from a low-salt medium was almost inhibited completely by 2·0m-sodium chloride, and that of cells grown and washed in the presence of 2·0m-sodium chloride by 30%. After preincubation with a growth medium containing 2·0m-sodium chloride, even with all multiplication suppressed by chloramphenicol, the resistance of the respiratory system of low-salt-grown organisms to high salt concentrations increased considerably and resembled that of their high-salt-grown counterparts. A similar increase in resistance occurred after preincubation with yeast extract or with choline. With labelled choline, energy-dependent accumulation of labelled material occurred, the conditions required for maximum accumulation and retention being the same as those that increased the salt resistance of the respiratory system. The chromatographic behaviour of the labelled material indicated that the substance was not choline but a derivative, possibly betaine.

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Studies on halotolerance in a moderately halophilic bacterium. Effect of betaine on salt resistance of the respiratory system

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1090687 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 109 (4) ◽

pp. 687-691 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Dvora Rafaeli-Eshkol ◽

Y. Avi-Dor

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Respiratory System ◽

Chloride Concentration ◽

Salt Resistance ◽

High Salt ◽

Salt Medium ◽

Sodium Chloride Concentration ◽

Moderately Halophilic ◽

Low Salt

The role of betaine as a factor influencing the salt resistance of the respiratory system in resting cells of the moderately halophilic halotolerant bacterium Ba1 was studied. Betaine accelerated succinate oxidation in cells obtained from low-salt medium, and stimulation of the respiratory rate was stronger the higher the sodium chloride concentration in the assay medium. The stimulatory effect also depended on the ratio of betaine concentration to the amount of bacteria present. Accumulation of labelled betaine by the bacterial cells was demonstrated; like the respiratory stimulation, it was favourably influenced by an increase in the sodium chloride concentration of the medium. In cells harvested from a high-salt medium and washed with 2·0m-sodium chloride, betaine caused no increase in the respiratory rate, nor was the already high salt resistance of the respiratory system further improved by the addition of betaine. When, however, these cells lost their salt resistance as a result of washing in the absence of sodium chloride, betaine was able to restore it to its original level. In contrast with respiration in low-salt-grown bacteria, that in high-salt-grown cells was not affected by betaine, even after they were washed in the absence of sodium chloride, when the sodium chloride concentration was optimum.

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The Quantab strip in the measurement of urinary chloride and sodium concentrations.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/30.10.1705 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 30 (10) ◽

pp. 1705-1707 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

P J Sloan ◽

G Beevers ◽

F E Baxter

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Chloride Concentration ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Observer Variation ◽

Salt Diet ◽

Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽

Urinary Chloride ◽

Chemical Assay ◽

Low Salt

Abstract The "Quantab" strip (Ames) measures chloride in fluids. For sodium chloride solutions and urine we found very good correlations between the Quantab reading and the chloride concentration as measured by chemical assay (r = 0.95 for chloride and r = 0.85 for sodium in urine). The strip gave reproducible results over the temperature range 4 to 37 degrees C. There was very little inter- and intra-observer variation in reading the strip. Although 10 to 23 min is required to complete the reaction, the strip reading is stable thereafter. We suggest that the strip could be useful in epidemiological studies of urinary sodium concentration and clinically in helping patients adhere to a low-salt diet.

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Production of Four Interfacial Active Rhamnolipids from n-Alkanes or Glycerol by Resting Cells of Pseudomonas species DSM 2874

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1985-1-213 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 40 (1-2) ◽

pp. 61-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

C. Syldatk ◽

S. Lang ◽

U. Matulovic ◽

F. Wagner

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Phosphate Buffer ◽

Chloride Solution ◽

Time Course ◽

Ph Value ◽

Cell Concentration ◽

Chloride Concentration ◽

Resting Cells ◽

Pseudomonas Species ◽

Optimal Ph

In a simple phosphate buffer or a sodium chloride solution resting cells of Pseudomonas spec. DSM 2874 produced up to 15 g/l of different rhamnolipids. The rhamnolipid composition of the organic crude extract depended on the temperature during the cultivation and on the C-source. The optimal sodium chloride concentration for rhamnolipid formation was about 100 mᴍ/l and the optimal phosphate buffer concentration about 65 mᴍ/l. The optimal pH-value for the production of rhamnolipids from n-alkanes or glycerol was in the range pH 6.0-7.2. While rhamnolipid formation with glycerol as the sole C-source showed a wide optimum ranging from 27° up to 37 °C, production of rhamnolipids from n-alkanes had a sharp optimum at 37 °C. The addition of multivalent cations, different N-sources and EDTA caused an inhibition of rhamnolipid formation, while the n-alkane concentration had no influence. Specific rhamnolipid formation decreased with increasing cell concentration. Various C-sources were suitable for the formation of rhamnolipids by resting cells of Pseudomonas spec. DSM 2874. Yields, which were comparable to those obtained on n-alkanes or glycerol, were found for stearic acid, fatty alcohols and vegetable oils. A study of the time course of glycolipid production of resting cells was carried out in a 20 1- biorcactor with an intcnsor system and with n-tetradecane as the sole C-source.

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Effect of dietary sodium chloride and posture on plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations in man

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0720201 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 201-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

L. R. Solomon ◽

J. C. Atherton ◽

H. Bobinski ◽

R. Green

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Natriuretic Peptide ◽

Salt Intake ◽

High Salt ◽

Dietary Sodium ◽

Salt Diet ◽

Low Salt ◽

Dietary Sodium Chloride ◽

Atrial Natriuretic

1. The effect of changes of dietary sodium chloride intake and posture on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration and renal function was studied in 11 normal human volunteers. 2. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentration was higher in the upright posture on a high than it was on a medium or low salt diet. On the medium and high but not on the low salt diet the concentration increased significantly on adoption of the supine posture. 3. Creatinine, sodium, lithium and fractional lithium clearances, fractional distal sodium excretion and total distal water and sodium reabsorption, which were estimated by the lithium clearance technique, were significantly higher on the high than on the low salt diet. The medium salt intake gave intermediate values. 4. Heart rate while upright was significantly higher on the low than on either the medium or the high salt diets. Systolic blood pressure was unaffected by salt intake. Diastolic blood pressure in the supine position was significantly higher on the low than on the medium or high salt diets. 5. Both plasma noradrenaline concentrations and plasma renin activity were significantly higher on the low than on the high salt diet. Values on the medium salt intake were intermediate. Plasma concentrations of both hormones were higher in the upright than in the supine posture on all three salt intakes. 6. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that atrial natriuretic peptide contributes to the cardiovascular and renal adjustments to changes in dietary sodium chloride, and the possible role of the peptide is discussed.

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Individual intake of mineral and molasses supplements by cows, heifers and calves

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a99-120 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 681-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

C. L. Cockwill ◽

T. A. McAllister ◽

M. E. Olson ◽

D. N. Milligan ◽

B. J. Ralston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Radio Frequency ◽

Key Words ◽

Free Choice ◽

High Salt ◽

Average Intake ◽

Low Salt ◽

Load Cells ◽

Number Of Visits ◽

Cow Calf

In two pastures, two multiplex radio frequency (RF) mineral feeders (GrowSafe Systems Ltd.) equipped with load cells were used to monitor feeder attendance and individual intake of mineral by 33 and 36 cow-calf pairs individually identified by RF transponders. A visit was defined as a return to the feeder after a 5-min absence. In exp. 1, attendance of cows and calves at the feeder and intake of mineral were monitored over 13 d. Sodium chloride was included in the mineral at 9.8% (low salt, LS) on days 1 to 6, and at 22.5% (high salt, HS) on days 7 to 13. Percentages of cows and calves that visited the feeder were similar between LS (60.9% and 21.7% respectively) and HS (62.3% and 24.6%). Number of visits (P > 0.05) and daily mineral intake (P < 0.1) were reduced in cows fed HS as compared with LS. Cows had more visits (P < 0.001) and consumed more mineral (P < 0.001) than did calves. In exp. 2, HS as is (control, C) or formulated to contain 0.468% fenbendazole (FB) was provided for 6 d to 36 and 32 cow-calf pairs in adjacent pastures. All of the cows and 93.8% of the calves attended the FB feeder; whereas only 77.8% of the cows and 33.3% of the calves attended the feeder containing C. Fenbendazole increased visits per day (P < 0.05) by both cows and calves. Intakes of FB and C did not differ, but cows consumed more (P < 0.001) mineral than did calves. In exp. 3, variability in intake of protein-molasses blocks by cows and heifers was examined. Intake differed by animal (P < 0.01), but was similar between cows and heifers. Individual average intake was 445 g d−1 with a range of 0 to 1650 g d−1. These experiments demonstrate that universal and uniform consumption of an additive in mineral or molasses supplements by individuals in a herd cannot be assumed. Key words: Free-choice mineral, molasses, individual intake, cow, calf, fenbendazole

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A novel moderately halophilic bacterium for decolorizing azo dye under high salt condition

Biodegradation ◽

10.1007/s10532-007-9110-1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 15-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Jianbo Guo ◽

Jiti Zhou ◽

Dong Wang ◽

Cunping Tian ◽

Ping Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Azo Dye ◽

Halophilic Bacterium ◽

High Salt ◽

Moderately Halophilic ◽

Moderately Halophilic Bacterium ◽

High Salt Condition

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Soybean proteins counteract heart remodeling in wistar rats fed a high sodium chloride diet

Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) ◽

10.36485/1561-6274-2019-236-92-99 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 92-99

Author(s):

I. G. Kayukov ◽

O. N. Beresneva ◽

M. M. Parastaeva ◽

G. T. Ivanova ◽

A. N. Kulikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Cardiac Remodeling ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

High Salt ◽

Soy Proteins ◽

High Sodium ◽

Heart Remodeling

BACKGROUND. Increased salt intake is associated with a number of cardiovascular events, including increased blood pressure (BP) and the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). However, there is much evidence that a high content of sodium chloride in the diet does not always lead to an increase in BP, but almost inevitably causes cardiac remodeling, in particular, LVH. Many aspects of myocardial remodeling induced by high sodium content in the food have not been studied enough. THE AIM of the study was to trace the echocardiographic changes in Wistar rats fed the high salt ration and the high salt ration supplemented with soy proteins.MATERIAL AND METHODS. Echocardiography and BP measurements were performed on male Wistar rats, divided into three groups. The first (control; n = 8) included rats that received standard laboratory feed (20.16 % animal protein and 0.34 % NaCl); the second (n = 10) – animals that received standard feed and 8 % NaCl (high salt ration). The third group (n = 10) consisted of rats who consumed a low-protein diet containing 10 % soy protein isolate (SUPRO 760) and 8 % NaCl. The follow-up period was 2 and 4 months.THE RESULTS of the study showed that: (1) the intake of a large amount of salt with a diet does not necessarily lead to the formation of arterial hypertension; (2) despite the absence of a distinct increase in BP, under these conditions signs of cardiac remodeling, in particular, LVH, appear rather quickly; (3) supplementing a high-salt diet with soy isolates counteracts the development of LVH.CONCLUSION. High salt intake with food can cause heart remodeling, regardless of blood pressure, while soy proteins can counteract this process.

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