scholarly journals On the insensitivity of sheep to the almost complete microbial destruction of dietary choline before alimentary-tract absorption

1981 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Dawson ◽  
D W Grime ◽  
D B Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Microbial Destruction ◽  
Dietary Choline ◽  
Dietary Origin

1. Injection of [Me-14C]choline into sheep indicated that the small amount of phosphatidylcholine present in abomasal digesta was largely (69%) of non-dietary or ruminal origin. 2. Long-term feeding of [Me-3H]choline to sheep produced insignificant labelling of plasma phosphatidylcholine, indicating that more than 99% of the choline body pool was of non-dietary origin. 3. In contrast, when rats were fed with [Me-3H]choline for similar periods, 18-54% of the tissue phosphatidylcholine was derived from dietary choline. 4. The loss of [14C]choline and 32P from the plasma phosphatidylcholine after a single injection of these isotopes indicated a markedly slower turnover of choline in the sheep compared with the rat. This observation, coupled with a lack of liver glycerophosphocholine diesterase, provides an explanation for the insensitivity of the sheep to an almost complete microbial destruction of dietary choline before alimentary-tract absorption.

scholarly journals Comparative strategies to induce long-term graft acceptance in fully allogeneic renal versus cardiac allograft models by CD28-B7 T cell costimulatory blockade: role of thymus and spleen.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 891-898
Author(s):  
M Schaub ◽  
T H Stadlbauer ◽  
A Chandraker ◽  
J P Vella ◽  
L A Turka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Cardiac Allograft ◽  
Costimulatory Blockade ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Donor Cells

Blocking CD28-B7 T cell costimulatory activation by the fusion protein CTLA4Ig prevents rejection and induces long-term graft acceptance in various experimental transplant models. There are reported differences in the efficacy of CTLA4Ig in renal and cardiac rodent allograft models, but it is not clear whether these are due to the strain or species differences investigated in the different studies reported. This study investigates the effect of blocking CD28-B7 T cell costimulation with murine CTLA4Ig in rat models of acute renal and cardiac allograft rejection models, using the same complete major histocompatibility complex-incompatible strain combination. A single injection of murine CTLA4Ig 2 d after engraftment was able to induce long-term graft acceptance (> 100 d) in 54% of Lewis rat recipients of Wistar-Furth kidneys. Transferring this protocol into the acute Wistar-Furth to Lewis heart allograft model resulted in a mean graft survival time of 24.7+/-16.9 d, and all grafts were ultimately rejected. Only concomitant injection of donor cells (4 x 10(7) splenocytes) plus a single injection of CTLA4Ig on the day of transplant could induce long-term graft acceptance in 50% of animals. In both the cardiac and renal transplant models, the thymus and spleen were required for induction of tolerance. The maintenance phase of tolerance, however, did not require an intact thymus but did require the presence of a spleen. These data have important clinical applicability because human studies with T cell costimulatory blockade are being planned.

scholarly journals A Single Injection of a Liver-Directed A20 Gene Therapy Yields Long-Term Glycemic Control in Diabetic Mice to Reduce Vascular Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. e250
Author(s):  
Ravirasmi Jasti ◽  
Alessandra Mele ◽  
Nyah Patel ◽  
Anant A. Shah ◽  
Erin McIntosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
A20 Gene

scholarly journals Long-Term Efficacy of Postpartum Intravenous Iron Therapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Becuzzi ◽  
Roland Zimmermann ◽  
Alexander Krafft
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Baseline Haemoglobin ◽  
Oral Group ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Intravenous Iron Therapy

Background. The potential benefits of administering a dose of intravenous iron in patients with moderate postpartum anaemia rather than oral iron alone remains unproven.Aims.To determine whether a single injection of intravenous iron followed by a 6-week course of oral iron is as effective over 6 months in restoring normal haemoglobin levels and replenishing iron stores in women with moderate postpartum anaemia as a course of oral iron alone in women with mild postpartum anaemia.Materials and Methods. Retrospective two-arm cohort study in women with mild postpartum anaemia (haemoglobin 9.6–10.5 g/dL) prescribed iron daily for 6 weeks (N=150) and women with moderate postpartum anaemia (haemoglobin 8.5–9.5 g/dL), given a single 500 mg injection of intravenous iron followed by iron daily for 6 weeks (N=75). Haemoglobin and ferritin were measured 6 months postpartum.Results. Haemoglobin returned to similar mean levels in both groups. Ferritin levels were statistically significantly higher in the intravenous + oral group (57.7±49.3 μg/L versus32.9±20.1 μg/L).Conclusions.Despite lower baseline haemoglobin, intravenous iron carboxymaltose was superior to oral iron alone in replenishing iron stores in moderate postpartum anaemia and may prove similarly beneficial in mild postpartum anaemia.

scholarly journals Gating of IsK expressed in Xenopus oocytes depends on the amount of mRNA injected.

1994 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Cui ◽  
R P Kline ◽  
P Pennefather ◽  
I S Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Delayed Rectifier ◽  
Activation Kinetics ◽  
Kinetic Schemes ◽  
Mrna Concentration ◽  
Kinetics Of

IsK is a K+ channel of the delayed rectifier type widely distributed throughout both excitable and nonexcitable cells. Its structure is different from other cloned K+ channels and molecular details of its gating remain obscure. Here we show that the activation kinetics of IsK expressed in Xenopus oocytes depend upon the amount of its mRNA injected, with larger amounts resulting in slower activation kinetics with a longer initial delay during activation. Similar changes in activation kinetics occur with time after a single injection of IsK mRNA. We present two kinetic schemes which illustrate how our experimental results could arise. Both imply an interaction among individual channel proteins during IsK activation. The dependence of channel gating on mRNA concentration provides a novel mechanism for long term regulation of ion current kinetics.

scholarly journals On pathoautokinesis of hyperlipoproteidemia and its clinical significance

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
M. N Kalinkin ◽  
V. S Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
True Values ◽  
Body Response

The aim: to detect the presence of pathoautokinesis signs in development and maintenance of hyperlipoproteidemia (HLP) in experiments on intact rabbits and the rabbits after long-term intravenous injection of lipoproteids (LP).Material and methods. 3 series of experiments on rabbits which received for 60 days intravenous homologous apo-Bcontaining LP (25–30 mg LP per 1 kg of the body mass) were carried out. Correspondence of calculated and true values of injected LP, duration of HLP maintenance after LP injection termination and the body response to single injection of interlipin as well as character of elimination with J 131 apo-B-LP from blood alteration of the liver homogenates have been studied.Results. It has been shown that in 50% of rabbits with experimental HLP, the true values of intravenously injected LP were higher than calculated ones. In rabbits after LP injection termination HLP arisen lasts for 30–40 days and intralipid injection induces prolonged HLP. The values of radioactivity of plasma LP in HLP testify to their difficult elimination from blood and their accumulation in the liver.Conclusion. Mechanisms of pathoautokinesis are present in HLP development and maintenance.

scholarly journals Long-lasting rescue of schizophrenia-relevant cognitive impairments via risperidone-loaded microPlates

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bellotti ◽  
Gabriella Contarini ◽  
Federica Geraci ◽  
Sebastiano Alfio Torrisi ◽  
Cateno Piazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
Long Acting

AbstractSchizophrenia is a disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and psychotic symptoms that fluctuate over time and can only be mitigated with the chronic administration of antipsychotics. Here, we propose biodegradable microPlates made of PLGA for the sustained release of risperidone over several weeks. Two microPlate configurations – short: 20 × 20 × 10 μm; tall: 20 × 20 × 20 μm – are engineered and compared to conventional ~ 10 μm PLGA microspheres in terms of risperidone loading and release. Tall microPlates realize the slowest release documenting a 35% risperidone delivery at 100 days with a residual rate of 30 ng/ml. Short microPlates and microspheres present similar release profiles with over 50% of the loaded risperidone delivered within the first 40 days. Then, the therapeutic efficacy of one single intraperitoneal injection of risperidone microPlates is compared to the daily administration of free risperidone in heterozygous knockout mice for dysbindin-1, a clinically relevant mouse model of cognitive and psychiatric liability. In temporal order object recognition tasks, mice treated with risperidone microPlates outperform those receiving free risperidone up to 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of observation. This suggests that the sustained release of antipsychotics from one-time microPlate deposition can rescue cognitive impairment in dysbindin mice for up to several weeks. Overall, these results demonstrate that risperidone-loaded microPlates are a promising platform for improving cognitive symptoms associated to schizophrenia. Moreover, the long-term efficacy with one single administration could be of clinical relevance in terms of patient’s compliance and adherence to the treatment regimen. Graphical abstract Single injection of long-acting risperidone-loaded µPL ameliorates the dysbindin-induced deficit in a clinically relevant mouse model of cognitive and psychiatric liability for up to 12 weeks

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document