Long-lasting rescue of schizophrenia-relevant cognitive impairments via risperidone-loaded microPlates

Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and psychotic symptoms that fluctuate over time and can only be mitigated with the chronic administration of antipsychotics. Here, we propose biodegradable microPlates made of PLGA for the sustained release of risperidone over several weeks. Two microPlate configurations – short: 20 × 20 × 10 μm; tall: 20 × 20 × 20 μm – are engineered and compared to conventional ~ 10 μm PLGA microspheres in terms of risperidone loading and release. Tall microPlates realize the slowest release documenting a 35% risperidone delivery at 100 days with a residual rate of 30 ng/ml. Short microPlates and microspheres present similar release profiles with over 50% of the loaded risperidone delivered within the first 40 days. Then, the therapeutic efficacy of one single intraperitoneal injection of risperidone microPlates is compared to the daily administration of free risperidone in heterozygous knockout mice for dysbindin-1, a clinically relevant mouse model of cognitive and psychiatric liability. In temporal order object recognition tasks, mice treated with risperidone microPlates outperform those receiving free risperidone up to 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of observation. This suggests that the sustained release of antipsychotics from one-time microPlate deposition can rescue cognitive impairment in dysbindin mice for up to several weeks. Overall, these results demonstrate that risperidone-loaded microPlates are a promising platform for improving cognitive symptoms associated to schizophrenia. Moreover, the long-term efficacy with one single administration could be of clinical relevance in terms of patient’s compliance and adherence to the treatment regimen. Graphical abstract Single injection of long-acting risperidone-loaded µPL ameliorates the dysbindin-induced deficit in a clinically relevant mouse model of cognitive and psychiatric liability for up to 12 weeks

THE RATE OF RESIDUAL NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC APPENDECTOMY SURGERY AT NGUYEN TRI PHUONG HOSPITAL

Introduction: In Vietnam, using a muscle accelerator to measure the TOF index to monitor residue neuromuscular blockade has not been performed routinely, extubation is mainly based on subjective clinical assessments. Methods: A cross-sectional study on 96 patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy at Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, from November 2020 to May 2021. Objectives: The study was conducted with 2 objectives including (1) Determine the progression of TOF index at 7 time points: immediately after arriving in the recovery room, after extubation, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes after extubation; (2) Determination of residual muscle relaxant rate of patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy at Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital. Results: The average TOF ≥ 0,9 index after laparoscopic appendectomy at the time of resuscitation was 88.11%, extubation was 90.53% and at 120 minutes after extubation. is 99.88%. Residual muscle relaxation after surgery when TOF index < 0.9. At the time of resuscitation, the highest residual rate of muscle relaxant accounted for 58.33%, followed by the time of extubation 39.58%, 15 minutes after extubation was 21.88%. Until 120 after extubation, there is no case that has residue neuromuscular blockade. Conclusion: Through the study results, it is necessary to monitor patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy with quantitative devices to more accurately assess the clinical index of muscle relaxation.

Effect of Comprehensive Nursing Intervention on Postpartum Psychological and Neurological Rehabilitation of Pregnant Patients with Encephalopathy

To explore the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on postpartum psychological and neurological rehabilitation of pregnant patients with encephalopathy. 102 patients who were diagnosed as preeclampsia or eclampsia and confirmed as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) by brain MRI from January 2015 to September 2019 in our hospital were collected. In research group (RG), patients (n=57) were treated with comprehensive nursing intervention mode, while patients (n=45) were treated with traditional nursing intervention mode in control group (CG). In the two groups, the psychological and neurological rehabilitation were observed before and after intervention. By examining the biochemical indexes in the two groups before and after the treatment, it was found that the biochemical indexes were significantly reduced after the intervention, but there was no significant difference in the indexes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and uric acid (UA) between the two groups before and after the treatment. In the two groups, the psychological mood was compared by the rating scale. After the intervention, the anxiety and depression were relieved in the two groups, and the scores of the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) of RG were lower than those of CG (P<0.05). After treatment and nursing, the neurological damage of RPLS in both groups was improved, but the residual rate of headache in RG was lower than that in CG (P<0.05). The incidence of maternal and infant adverse outcomes in RG was lower than that in CG (P<0.05). According to statistics, the patients’ nursing compliance and nursing satisfaction in RG were higher than those in CG (P<0.05). Comprehensive nursing intervention can significantly improve the adverse emotions of pregnant patients with encephalopathy and promote the rehabilitation of neurological function, so it has a high degree of nursing satisfaction.

The feasibility of a novel injectable hydrogel for protecting artificial gastrointestinal ulcers after endoscopic resection: an animal pilot study

Recently, covering materials for protecting post-endoscopic ulcers are being developed using hydrogels. Existing hydrogels are not ideal coating materials because it is difficult to control their physical properties. Therefore, we conducted an animal pilot study to investigate the protective effect of a novel ulcer coating material, whose physical properties can be easily controlled and designed. We applied the novel injectable hydrogel to artificial ulcers induced on the gastric mucosa of rats. Rats were assigned to the hydrogel or the control group. To measure the protective effect of hydrogel on ulcers, the perforation rate, ulcer diameter, and ulcer area were evaluated 48 h after gel application. As secondary endpoints, we assessed the residual rate of the hydrogel at the bottom of the ulcer, performed histological analysis, and analyzed adverse events associated with hydrogel. The perforation rate was significantly lower (16% vs. 75%) and the mean diameter of ulcers was significantly smaller (5.4 ± 1.8 mm vs. 7.8 ± 2.8 mm) in the hydrogel group. Histopathological findings revealed the inflammatory cell count was significantly higher in the control group. Our novel hydrogel showed a protective effect on artificial gastric ulcers in a rat model.

Quality Control after Intracochlear Intralabyrinthine Schwannoma Resection and Cochlear Implantation

Background: The combination of intralabyrinthine schwannoma (ILS) removal and cochlear implantation is the standard of care after surgical resection for audiological rehabilitation. Intracochlear ILS is not only the most frequent tumor in this group of schwannomas, but it is also, to some degree, surgically the most challenging because of its position behind the modiolus. Recent developments in the knowledge of implant position, implant magnet choice, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences make an MRI follow-up after surgical removal possible. Thus far, no results are known about the surgical success and residual rate of these kind of tumors. The aim of the present study was to perform an early MRI follow-up for the evaluation of residual or recurrent intracochlear ILS after surgical removal and cochlear implantation. Methods: In a retrospective study, we evaluated seven patients after an intracochlear ILS removal and single-stage cochlear implantation with a mean period of 13.4 months post surgery with a 3T T1 GAD 2 mm sequence for a residual ILS. Patients were operated on using an individualized technique concept. Results: In six out of seven cases, 3 T T1 GAD 2 mm MRI follow-up showed no residual or recurrent tumor. In one case, a T1 signal indicated a tumor of the upper inner auditory canal (IAC) at the MRI follow up. Conclusion: MRI follow-up as a quality control tool after ILS removal and cochlear implantation is highly important to exclude residual tumors. Long-term MRI evaluation results are needed and can be obtained under consideration of implant position, implant magnet, and MRI sequence choice. A preoperative MRI slice thickness less than 2 mm can be recommended to visualize possible modiolar and IAC expansion.

Design optimization of a fluidized bed with a novel air chamber using the CFD-Taguchi method

The gas–solid fluidized bed is the key structure of industrial fluidization, and it is widely used in fields such as chemical reactors and industrial material conveying. To study the uniformity of velocity distribution ( Vu) in a fluidized bed and clarify the interaction mechanism between the geometric structure of the air chamber and the gas flow, in this paper, 16 novel chamber structures for powder unloading were designed based on the Taguchi method. Computational fluid dynamics was used to simulate the different chamber schemes, and the effects of various geometric factors on the response were analyzed based on the Taguchi method. The effect of the novel optimization model for powder unloading was verified by tests. The results show that the optimal combination of geometrical parameters is air chamber capacity ( V) at level 4, separation ratio ( K) at level 1 and clearance of splitter plate ( δ) at level 1, and δ has the greatest effect on the Vu1 and Vu2 in the fluidized bed. With the increase in δ and K, the velocity of the airflow away from the inlet side increases, and the area of the vortex near the splitter plate increases. Compared with the baseline model, the fluidized bed with the novel air chamber can effectively reduce the residual rate of powder unloading.

Risk Factors of Residual Lesions in Cervical High-Grade Intraepithelial Lesion After LEEP in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women

Purpose To investigate the risk factors of residual lesions in cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Methods A total of 88 patients, including 38 perimenopausal patients and 50 postmenopausal patients, who were diagnosed with cervical HSIL after LEEP in Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Songjiang Hospital from May 2016 to May 2021 and then underwent hysterectomy within 3 months were collected. The patients' age, hrHPV typing, liquid-based thin-layer cytology (TCT), cervical biopsy P16 expression under colposcopy, endocervical curettage(ECC) during LEEP , margin status of LEEP and whole uterine pathology were reviewed and the risk factors of residual lesions after LEEP in HSIL patients were analyzed statistically with t test,χ2 test or logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 88 patients, there was no statistical difference in the residual rate between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in age, hrHPV typing, TCT, P16 expression, and LEEP margin between with and without residue group (P >0.05), but there was statistically significant difference in ECC (P < 0.01). In perimenopausal group, there were no statistically significant differences in all the factors (P >0.05) except ECC (P < 0.01) between with and without residue group. While in postmenopausal group, all the factors were not statistically different(P >0.05) except margin status (P < 0.01).After multivariate, positive endocervical curettage was a risk factor of the residual lesionsin perimenopausal group after LEEP ( P < 0.01), and positive LEEP margin was one for postmenopausal patients (P < 0.05). Conclusions Positive ECC is a risk factor of residual lesions in perimenopausal women with HSIL after LEEP. Positive LEEP margin was a risk factor for the residual lesions in postmenopausal patients.

Clinical effect analysis of laminectomy alone and laminectomy with instrumentation in the treatment of TOLF

Background To explore the clinical effect of laminectomy alone and laminectomy with instrumentation in the treatment of TOLF. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of 142 patients with TOLF and laminectomy who underwent spine surgery at XXX Medical University from January 2003 to January 2018. According to whether the laminectomy was combined with instrumentation, the patients were divided into two groups: group A (laminectomy alone (LA), n = 77) and group B (laminectomy with instrumentation (LI), n = 65). Comparisons of possible influencing factors of demographic variables and operation-related variables were carried out between the two groups. In this study, the clinical effects of LA and LI in the treatment of TOLF were discussed. Thus, we explored the clinical effect of LA and LI in the treatment of TOLF. Results In terms of demographics, there was a statistically significant difference in BMI between group A and group B (P < 0.05). The differences in age, sex, smoking, drinking, heart disease, hypertension and diabetes were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In terms of preoperative symptoms, there was a significant difference in gait disturbance, pain in the LE, and urination disorder between group A and group B (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in other variables between the two groups (P > 0.05). In terms of operation-related variables, there was a significant difference in the preoperative duration of symptoms, intramedullary signal change on MRI, dural ossification, residual rate of cross-sectional spinal canal area on CT, shape on the sagittal MRI, operation time, pre-mJOA, post-mJOA at 1 year, and leakage of cerebrospinal fluid between group A and group B (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in other variables between the two groups (P > 0.05). The preoperative average JOA score of group A was 6.37 and that of group B was 5.19. In group A, the average JOA score at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after surgery was 7.87, 8.23 and 8.26, respectively, and the average JOA score improvement rate was 32.79 %, 38.32 and 38.53 %, respectively. In group B, the average JOA score at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after surgery was 7.74, 8.15 and 8.29, respectively, and the average JOA score improvement rate was 39.15 %, 46.86 and 47.12 %, respectively. Conclusions Currently, there is no consensus on whether instrumentation is needed after laminectomy for TOLF. We found that for patients with a long duration of gait disturbance, urination disorder, preoperative duration of symptoms, intramedullary signal change on MRI, dural ossification, residual rate of cross-sectional spinal canal area on CT less than 60 %, and shape on the sagittal MRI being beak and low, pre-mJOA had better clinical effects after LI as compared to those after LA, and the incidence of perioperative complications was lower.

Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for resection of pituitary macroadenoma: A retrospective study

Background The endoscopic transsphenoidal approach is an efficient minimally invasive procedure for removal of pituitary tumors that can be accomplished through a one-hand or two-hand approach. The one-hand procedure through one nostril is more intuitive for surgeons, but maneuvering the instruments can be restrictive. The two-hand procedure using a one-and-half nostril approach provides more precise manipulation. This study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes of one-hand/mono-nostril and two-hand/one-and-half nostril surgeries for resection of large pituitary tumors by a single neurosurgeon. Materials and methods The surgical data of 78 consecutive cases with pituitary macroadenoma (diameter >1 cm) were reviewed retrospectively. Altogether, 30 cases received one-hand/mono-nostril surgery, while 48 cases received two-hand/one-and-half nostril surgery. Postoperative outcomes of the two operations were compared. Results The operative time, hospital stay, residual rate of pituitary macroadenoma, visual field, surgical complications, and re-operative rates were slightly improved in the two-hand/one-and-half nostril surgery group compared with that in the one-hand/mono-nostril surgery group (all p>0.05). However, postoperative hypopituitarism was less frequent (1/48; 2.0%) with the two-hand/one-and-half nostril approach than with the mono-nostril approach (p = 0.004). Similar surgical outcomes were found in all patients with either small or large pituitary tumors, except that the difference in postoperative improvement in visual field change reached statistical significance (p = 0.044). Conclusion A single-surgeon endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery with two-hand/one-and-half nostril approach is an effective and safe procedure for removal of large pituitary tumors.

Effects of Epichloë Endophytes on The Litter Decomposition of Three Host Grass Species in The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Aims Grass fungal endophyte symbioses are widespread in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau grasslands. It is not clear whether endophytes will influence litter decomposition in alpine grassland. It is important to understand the role of fungal endophytes in the litter decomposition of host grasses in the grasslands of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Method s This study utilized Festuca sinensis, Stipa purpurea and Achnatherum inebrians as objects and compared their litter with endophyte (E+) infection and without (E-) during the change in litter weight, total nitrogen, lignin and cellulose contents and their residual rate during the decomposition process. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen of soil under litters were also compared. Results The litter from E + F. sinensis and S. purpurea decomposed more quickly along with the cellulose compared with E-. The contents and residual rates of nitrogen and lignin in the F. sinensis and S. purpurea litters had no apparent trend of change. The microbial biomass nitrogen of soil under the E + F. sinensis and S. purpurea litters was higher than that of the E- litters. Alternatively, the rates of decomposition and degradation of lignin were lower in the E + A. inebrians litter than those of the E- litter. The endophyte decreased the microbial biomass carbon of soil under A. inebrians litter. Conclusions Endophytes played an important role in the nutrient cycling of alpine grassland ecosystems by promoting or decreasing the decomposition of host plants. The results will provide basic data to apply to grass endophyte symbioses in alpine grassland.