Fetal and neonatal adipose maturation: a primary site of cytokine and cytokine-receptor action

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Stephenson ◽  
H. Budge ◽  
A. Mostyn ◽  
S. Pearce ◽  
R. Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Brown Adipose

During late gestation, the maturation of fetal adipose tissue is geared towards the synthesis of high levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is unique to brown adipose tissue. At birth, rapid activation of UCP1 ensures a large increase in heat production. These adaptations are nutritionally sensitive, and may be mediated in part by rapid changes in prolactin and leptin secretion after birth. Restriction of maternal nutrition reduces adipose tissue deposition, with no effect on UCP1. Increased maternal food intake results in increases in levels of UCP1 and the short form of the prolactin receptor, but in a decrease in adipose tissue content per kg of fetus. The ontogeny of the long and short forms of the prolactin receptor follows that of UCP1, to peak at birth. Then, during postnatal life, UCP1 disappears in parallel with the loss of prolactin receptors. Treatment of neonatal lambs with prolactin increases body temperature and the thermogenic potential of brown adipose tissue. In contrast, acute leptin treatment results in maintenance of colonic temperature, but chronic leptin treatment accelerates UCP1 loss. Increasing our understanding of the interaction between prolactin and leptin during perinatal development may enable the establishment of strategies aimed at maximizing adipose tissue development in order to promote metabolic adaptation to the extra-uterine environment.

Cortisol has no effect on prolactin receptor (PRLR) abundance in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in late gestation fetal sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. A39-A39
Author(s):  
S. Pearce ◽  
H. Budge ◽  
A. Forhead ◽  
A. Fowden ◽  
P. Ingleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Brown Adipose

scholarly journals The effect of maternal prolactin infusion during pregnancy on fetal adipose tissue development

2002 ◽  
Vol 174 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Budge ◽  
A Mostyn ◽  
V Wilson ◽  
A Khong ◽  
AM Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Voltage Dependent Anion Channel ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Brown Adipose

The present study determines whether maternal administration of prolactin (PRL) to dams promotes the abundance of the brown adipose tissue-specific uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) in fetal and neonatal rat pups. Recombinant PRL (24 micro g/kg per day), or an equivalent volume of saline, were infused into dams (n=19 per group) throughout pregnancy from 12 h after mating. Interscapular brown adipose tissue was sampled either from fetuses at 19.5 days of gestation (term=21.5 days) or from neonatal rat pups at approximately 18 h after birth. The abundance of UCP1 was determined by immunoblotting on adipose tissue samples from individual pups and pooled from groups of pups. This analysis was complemented by immunocytochemistry on representative adipose tissue samples. Maternal PRL infusion resulted in a greater abundance of UCP1 in fetal rats at 19.5 days of gestation (control: 97.2+/-8.4% reference; PRL: 525.6+/-74.4% reference; P<0.001) and in neonates 18 h after birth. In contrast, the abundance of the outer mitochondrial membrane protein voltage-dependent anion channel was unaffected by PRL. Neonatal adipose tissue sampled from pups born to PRL-infused dams possessed fewer lipid droplets, but more UCP1, as determined by immunocytochemistry. Fetal, but not maternal, plasma leptin concentrations were also increased by maternal PRL administration. In conclusion, as rats are altricial, and the potential thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue develops over the first few days of postnatal life, these changes prior to, and at the time of, birth implicate PRL in fetal and neonatal adipose tissue maturation.

The effect of maternal arginine supplementation on the development of the thermogenic program in the ovine fetus

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. McCoard ◽  
N. Wards ◽  
J. Koolaard ◽  
M. Senna Salerno
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Ovine Fetus ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialised fat store that is metabolised by the newborn lamb to ensure effective adaptation to the cold challenge of the extra-uterine environment. Increasing BAT reserves therefore has the potential to increase neonatal thermogenesis and survival. It is established that arginine supplementation can increase fetal BAT stores but the biological mechanisms involved are unclear. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that increased fetal BAT stores resulting from maternal arginine supplementation is mediated by activation of the thermogenic program. Brown adipose tissue was collected from fetuses of ewes supplemented with arginine from 100 to 140 days of gestation. Increased peri-renal fat stores in fetuses from arginine-supplemented ewes was associated with an increase in uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) and PRD1-BF-1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing protein-16 expression, but not proliferator-activated receptor gamma or proliferator-activated receptor gamma-co-activator-1α in BAT. The activity of UCP-1 is regulated by hormones including cortisol and thyroid hormones. Cortisol level in fetuses from supplemented sheep was 68% greater than those from control ewes, indicating that cortisol may control upregulation of UCP-1 expression in the ovine neonate. The DNA and RNA concentration in BAT of both groups suggest that increased peri-renal fat stores is not associated with an increase in cell number or number of ribosomes, but rather an increase in the size of individual fat cells. Collectively, these results indicate that maternal arginine supplementation during mid to late gestation improved the thermoregulatory ability of lambs and this could potentially increase their survival in early life.

Effect of fetal thyroidectomy on brown adipose tissue and thermoregulation in newborn lambs

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 995 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Schermer ◽  
JA Bird ◽  
MA Lomax ◽  
DA Shepherd ◽  
ME Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Guanosine Diphosphate ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Colonic Temperature ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

The effect of fetal thyroidectomy on thermoregulation in newborn lambs was investigated. Seven of 14 lambs born normally at term were thyroidectomized at Day 127 of gestation. Colonic temperature and oxygen consumption were measured during non-rapid eye movement sleep 6-45 h after birth. All lambs were then killed and perirenal brown adipose tissue was sampled for measurement of thermogenic activity (guanosine diphosphate binding), uncoupling protein and lipid contents. Thyroidectomized lambs tended to have a mean colonic temperature 2.35 degrees C lower (P = 0.067) than controls and two became hypothermic (i.e. colonic temperature < 35 degrees C). Thyroidectomized lambs exhibited lower rates of oxygen consumption (P = 0.05) and an increased incidence of shivering thermogenesis. The perirenal adipose tissue of these lambs had a lower thermogenic activity (P < 0.01), less uncoupling protein (P < 0.01) and higher lipid content (P = 0.072) compared with intact controls. It is concluded that fetal thyroidectomy results in a decreased ability of newborn lambs to utilize nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue as well as increasing the incidence of hypothermia. These changes are associated with decreased synthesis of uncoupling protein and functional development of brown adipose tissue in the late gestation fetus.

scholarly journals Maternal manipulation of brown adipose tissue and liver development in the ovine fetus during late gestation

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Clarke ◽  
Michael J. Bryant ◽  
Michael A. Lomax ◽  
Michael E. Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Liver Development ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Brown Adipose

AbstractWe examined the effect of maternal chronic cold exposure, induced by winter-shearing ewes 4 weeks before their predicted lambing date, on brown adipose tissue (BAT) and liver development in lambs. Fetuses were sampled from under-fed (60% of energy requirements for maintenance and pregnancy of an unshorn ewe) shorn or unshorn ewes at 126,140 and 145 d of gestation. Lambs were sampled from ewes within 2 h of birth. Throughout gestation fetal body, BAT and liver weights were similar in shorn and unshorn groups. The level of GDP binding to mitochondrial uncoupling protein remained low throughout gestation, but increased dramatically after birth. Lambs born to shorn ewes possesd more mitochondrial protein and exhibited a significantly higher total thermogenic activity in BAT. Type I iodothyronine 5 deiodinas(EC 3.8.1.4) activity in BAT peaked at birth, as did hepatic iodothyronine Sdeiodinase activity and was significantly greater in lambs born to under-fed shorn ewes, which exhibited a higher plasma triiodothyronine concentration. Chronic maternal adaptations to prolonged cold exposure appear to enable pregnant ewes to compensate for the negative effects of under-feeding on fetal growth and development

scholarly journals Prolactin, prolactin receptor and uncoupling proteins during fetal and neonatal development

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pearce ◽  
A. Mostyn ◽  
M. C. Alves-Guerra ◽  
C. Pecqueur ◽  
B. Miroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Uncoupling Proteins ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Colonic Temperature

Uncoupling proteins (UCP) 1 and 2 are members of the subfamily of inner mitochondrial membrane carriers. UCP1 is specific to brown adipose tissue (BAT), where it is responsible for the rapid production of heat at birth. In fetal sheep UCP1 is first detectable at approximately 900d of gestation; its abundance increases with gestational age and peaks at the time of birth. The mRNA and protein for both the long and short form of the prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLR) are also highly abundant in BAT. Enhanced PRLR abundance in late gestation is associated with an increase in the abundance of UCP1. This relationship between PRLR and UCP is not only present in BAT. Similar findings are now reported in the pregnant ovine uterus, where PRLR abundance reaches a maximum just before that of UCP2. However, the role of PRLR in BAT remains undetermined. Rat studies have shown that PRL administration throughout pregnancy results in offspring with increased UCP1 at birth. Studies in newborn lambs have shown that administration of PRL (20mg/d) causes an acute response, increasing colonic temperature in the first hour by 1°. This increased colonic temperature is maintained for the first 240h of life, in conjunction with enhanced lipolysis. After 70d of treatment there is no difference in the abundance of UCP1 but an increase in UCP1 activity; this effect may be mediated by an increase in lipolysis. Taken together these findings suggest that PRL could be an important endocrine factor during pregnancy and early postnatal life.

scholarly journals Effect of Maternal Nutrition on Brown Adipose Tissue and Its Prolactin Receptor Status in the Fetal Lamb

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Budge ◽  
Jayson Bispham ◽  
Jennifer Dandrea ◽  
Elizabeth Evans ◽  
Lindsay Heasman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Status ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Fetal Lamb

scholarly journals A single mutation in uncoupling protein of rat brown adipose tissue mitochondria abolishes GDP sensitivity of H+ transport.

1994 ◽  
Vol 269 (10) ◽  
pp. 7435-7438
Author(s):  
D.L. Murdza-Inglis ◽  
M. Modriansky ◽  
H.V. Patel ◽  
G. Woldegiorgis ◽  
K.B. Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Brown Adipose

scholarly journals TAF7L modulates brown adipose tissue formation

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Zhou ◽  
Bo Wan ◽  
Ivan Grubisic ◽  
Tommy Kaplan ◽  
Robert Tjian
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Core Promoter ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Dna Looping ◽  
Chromatin Interactions ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Important Regulator

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an essential role in metabolic homeostasis by dissipating energy via thermogenesis through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Previously, we reported that the TATA-binding protein associated factor 7L (TAF7L) is an important regulator of white adipose tissue (WAT) differentiation. In this study, we show that TAF7L also serves as a molecular switch between brown fat and muscle lineages in vivo and in vitro. In adipose tissue, TAF7L-containing TFIID complexes associate with PPARγ to mediate DNA looping between distal enhancers and core promoter elements. Our findings suggest that the presence of the tissue-specific TAF7L subunit in TFIID functions to promote long-range chromatin interactions during BAT lineage specification.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document