Anti-arrhythmic actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiac muscle exerted via the sarcoplasmic reticulum

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Cardiac Sudden Death ◽  
Intracellular Calcium Regulation ◽  
Ischaemic Insult ◽  
Apparent Ability ◽  
Ischaemic Episode

Cardiac arrhythmias can be triggered from ischaemic cardiac muscle due to the damage inflicted on individual myocytes. During an ischaemic episode free fatty acids accumulate in the ischaemic tissue. The importance of these fatty acids lies in the apparent ability of some classes of fatty acid to protect against cardiac arrhythmias. As cardiac sudden death is a likely cause of death in patients who have suffered an initial ischaemic insult, protection against such arrhythmias may be of crucial importance. The following review discusses how this protection may be produced, dealing specifically with changes in electrophysiological properties of cells and intracellular calcium regulation.

scholarly journals Tissue engineering of functional cardiac muscle: molecular, structural, and electrophysiological studies

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. H168-H178 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Papadaki ◽  
N. Bursac ◽  
R. Langer ◽  
J. Merok ◽  
G. Vunjak-Novakovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Model System ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Excitation Threshold ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties

The primary aim of this study was to relate molecular and structural properties of in vitro reconstructed cardiac muscle with its electrophysiological function using an in vitro model system based on neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds, and bioreactors. After 1 wk of cultivation, we found that engineered cardiac muscle contained a 120- to 160-μm-thick peripheral region with cardiac myocytes that were electrically connected through gap junctions and sustained macroscopically continuous impulse propagation over a distance of 5 mm. Molecular, structural, and electrophysiological properties were found to be interrelated and depended on specific model system parameters such as the tissue culture substrate, bioreactor, and culture medium. Native tissue and the best experimental group (engineered cardiac muscle cultivated using laminin-coated scaffolds, rotating bioreactors, and low-serum medium) were comparable with respect to the conduction velocity of propagated electrical impulses and spatial distribution of connexin43. Furthermore, the structural and electrophysiological properties of the engineered cardiac muscle, such as cellularity, conduction velocity, maximum signal amplitude, capture rate, and excitation threshold, were significantly improved compared with our previous studies.

scholarly journals Free Fatty Acids Repress the GLUT4 Gene Expression in Cardiac Muscle via Novel Response Elements

2005 ◽  
Vol 280 (41) ◽  
pp. 34786-34795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Armoni ◽  
Chava Harel ◽  
Fabiana Bar-Yoseph ◽  
Simcha Milo ◽  
Eddy Karnieli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Response Elements ◽  
Glut4 Gene Expression

scholarly journals Electrophysiological Properties of Cardiac Muscle in the Anterior Mitral Valve Leaflet and the Adjacent Atrium in the Dog

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW L. WIT ◽  
JOHN J. FENOGLIO ◽  
BERNARD M. WAGNER ◽  
ARTHUR L. BASSETT
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Valve Leaflet ◽  
Mitral Valve Leaflet ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties

scholarly journals On the Role of Ionic Modeling on the Signature of Cardiac Arrhythmias for Healthy and Diseased Hearts

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2242
Author(s):  
William A. Ramírez ◽  
Alessio Gizzi ◽  
Kevin L. Sack ◽  
Simonetta Filippi ◽  
Julius M. Guccione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrophysiological Properties ◽  
Modeling Approaches ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Whole Heart

Computational cardiology is rapidly becoming the gold standard for innovative medical treatments and device development. Despite a worldwide effort in mathematical and computational modeling research, the complexity and intrinsic multiscale nature of the heart still limit our predictability power raising the question of the optimal modeling choice for large-scale whole-heart numerical investigations. We propose an extended numerical analysis among two different electrophysiological modeling approaches: a simplified phenomenological one and a detailed biophysical one. To achieve this, we considered three-dimensional healthy and infarcted swine heart geometries. Heterogeneous electrophysiological properties, fine-tuned DT-MRI -based anisotropy features, and non-conductive ischemic regions were included in a custom-built finite element code. We provide a quantitative comparison of the electrical behaviors during steady pacing and sustained ventricular fibrillation for healthy and diseased cases analyzing cardiac arrhythmias dynamics. Action potential duration (APD) restitution distributions, vortex filament counting, and pseudo-electrocardiography (ECG) signals were numerically quantified, introducing a novel statistical description of restitution patterns and ventricular fibrillation sustainability. Computational cost and scalability associated with the two modeling choices suggests that ventricular fibrillation signatures are mainly controlled by anatomy and structural parameters, rather than by regional restitution properties. Finally, we discuss limitations and translational perspectives of the different modeling approaches in view of large-scale whole-heart in silico studies.

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