Haemodynamic and Blood Volume Studies in Long-Term Haemodialysis Patients, and in Patients with Successfully Transplanted Kidneys

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (s1) ◽  
pp. 155s-157s
Author(s):  
J. Tuckman ◽  
J.-L. Benninger ◽  
F. Reubi
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Transplanted Kidneys ◽  
Very High

1. Stabilized hypertensive haemodialysis patients, as well as those with normotension, had a greatly elevated cardiac index (CI) that was not due to hypervolemia, but was most likely secondary to their anaemic condition. The hypertension itself was not accompanied by hypervolaemia, but was associated with a relatively very high total peripheral resistance. 2. In eight patients with successfully transplanted kidneys the following results were found. (a) Five were clearly hypertensive and had supine mean arterial pressure between 117 and 143 mmHg. It is noted that they were receiving prednisone at the time of the studies. (b) CI was normal in seven. (c) Total blood volume was normal in all. (d) The presence of wide-open arterio-venous fistulae was not associated with an increase in CI.

Effects of histamine on lung water and hemodynamics after beta-blockade

1983 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Olson ◽  
N. E. Robinson ◽  
J. B. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Central Blood Volume ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

The effects of 90 min intravenous histamine (10 micrograms base . kg-1 . min-1) with and without beta (propranolol)-receptor blockade on lung water and hemodynamics were studied. In anesthetized dogs cold 3% saline was used as the indicator to determine cardiac index, central blood volume, and lung extravascular thermal volume. Propranolol alone decreased stroke volume and cardiac index but increased central blood volume, total peripheral resistance, and mean pulmonary arterial and pulmonary arterial wedge pressures. Pulmonary vascular resistance, mean arterial pressure, and lung extravascular thermal volume were not changed. Histamine with propranolol further reduced stroke volume and cardiac index, whereas mean pulmonary arterial and pulmonary arterial wedge pressures returned to control values. Mean arterial pressure, central blood volume, and total peripheral resistance decreased, pulmonary vascular resistance increased, and lung extravascular thermal volume remained unchanged. In all experiments postmortem extravascular lung water-to-dry weight ratio was unchanged. We conclude that histamine does not increase lung water content and that beta-receptor blockade does not modify this response.

Abstract 189: Intraosseous Transfusion With Hemoglobin Vesicles for Severe Hemorrhagic Shock Rabbits

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohsuke Hagisawa ◽  
Manabu Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Lactate Ringer ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood

Background: We developed a Hemoglobin vesicle (HbV) and which is an artificial substitute for Red blood cells (RBCs). Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of intraosseous HbV transfusion for alternative treatment instead of massive RBCs transfusion in rabbits with hemorrhagic shock. Methods: Hypohemoglobinemia (Hb 5.0 ± 0.7 g/dl) was induced in rabbits by blood withdrawal (70% of total blood volume) and half compensative infusion of normal saline (35% of total blood volume), which resulted severe hemorrhagic shock (mean arterial pressure 21 ± 2 mmHg). Immediately, shortage of the blood volume (35% of total blood volume) was intraosseously infused of lactate ringer (n=8), 5% human serum albumin (n=10) or HbV with 5% human serum albumin (3:2=vol: vol) (n=8). During the experiment hemodynamics and blood cell counts were measured with time. Results: Mean arterial pressure immediately recovered (44 ± 11 mmHg), improving hypohemoglobinemia (7.1 ± 0.6 g/dl) by administration with HbV, although rabbits receiving 5% Albumin and lactate ringer never improved hemodynamics and hypohemoglobinemia. (33 ± 7 mmHg / 3.4 ± 0.4 g/dl, 26 ± 4 mmHg / 4.5 ± 0.4 g/dl, p < 0.05 vs HbV group, respectively) As a result, 75% of rabbits receiving HbV survived after 24hours, while half of rabbits with 5% Albumin were dead within 18hours and all rabbits with lactate ringer were dead within 6hours. Conclusions: Intraosseous infusion of HbV effectively restore the Hb and maintain the hemodynamics for acute hemorrhagic shock in the difficult situation to get blood access.

Cardiopulmonary Blood Volume in Borderline Hypertension

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Safar ◽  
Y. A. Weiss ◽  
G. M. London ◽  
R. F. Frackowiak ◽  
P. L. Milliez
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Borderline Hypertension ◽  
Index Stroke

1. A haemodynamic study which included estimation of cardiopulmonary blood volume (CPBV), total blood volume (TBV) and vascular reactivity to noradrenaline was performed in seventeen borderline and sixteen permanent hypertensive patients. 2. Borderline hypertensive patients had higher values of cardiac index, stroke index and heart rate when compared with the permanent hypertensive patients, and lower values of blood pressure and total peripheral resistance. 3. The CPBV/TBV ratio was significantly higher in borderline hypertensive patients. In that group, this ratio was directly correlated with cardiac index, stroke index and the pressor dose of noradrenaline (P < 0.01). 4. In permanent hypertensive patients, none of these correlations was observed. Only the total blood volume was correlated directly with cardiac index and inversely with total peripheral resistance. 5. The study suggests that a redistribution of intravascular volume from peripheral veins to the cardiopulmonary capacitance bed occurs in borderline hypertension when compared with permanent hypertension and that hypertension is related to a neural mechanism in the borderline state and to a volume mechanism in the permanent state.

Maternal responses to long-term hypoxemia in sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (6) ◽  
pp. R1340-R1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kitanaka ◽  
R. D. Gilbert ◽  
L. D. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Arterial Po2

To determine the maternal cardiovascular responses to long-term hypoxemia, we studied three groups of animals: 1) pregnant ewes (n = 20) at 110-115 days gestation subjected to hypoxia for up to 28 days; 2) pregnant ewes (n = 4) that served as normoxic controls; and 3) nonpregnant ewes (n = 6) subjected to hypoxemia for up to 28 days. We measured mean arterial pressure, heart rate, uterine blood flow, and uterine vascular resistance continuously for 1 h/day while the ewe was exposed to an inspired O2 fraction of 12-13% for at least 17 days. Arterial PO2, O2 saturation, hemoglobin, arteriovenous O2 difference, and uterine O2 uptake were measured daily while blood volume and erythropoietin concentration were measured weekly. In the pregnant hypoxic group arterial PO2 decreased from a control value of 101.5 +/- 5.1 to 59.2 +/- 5.1 Torr within a few minutes, where it remained throughout the study. The hemoglobin concentration increased from 8.9 +/- 0.5 to 10.0 +/- 0.5 g/dl within 24 h where it remained, whereas erythropoietin concentration increased from 16.6 +/- 2.1 to 39.1 +/- 7.8 mU/ml at 24 h but then returned to near-control levels. Arterial glucose concentration, mean arterial pressure, and cardiac output decreased slightly but insignificantly. In contrast, body weight, heart rate, blood volume, uterine blood flow, uterine O2 flow, uteroplacental O2 uptake, and the concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol remained relatively constant. Thus both pregnant and nonpregnant sheep experience relatively minor cardiovascular and hematologic responses in response to long-term hypoxemia of moderate severity.

Impaired hemorrhage tolerance in the obese Zucker rat model of metabolic syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson C. Frisbee
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Muscle Perfusion ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Arteriolar Tone

As obese Zucker rats (OZR) manifesting the metabolic syndrome exhibit enhanced vascular adrenergic constriction and potentially an enhanced adrenergic activity vs. lean Zucker rats (LZR), this study tested the hypothesis that OZR exhibit an improved tolerance to progressive hemorrhage. Preliminary experiments indicated that, corrected for body mass, total blood volume was reduced in OZR vs. LZR. Anesthetized LZR and OZR had a cremaster muscle prepared for in situ videomicroscopy and had renal, splanchnic, hindlimb, and skeletal muscle perfusion monitored with flow probes. Arterial pressure, arteriolar reactivity to norepinephrine, and tissue/organ perfusion were monitored after either infusion of phentolamine or successive withdrawals of 10% total blood volume. Phentolamine infusion indicated that regional adrenergic tone under control conditions differs substantially between LZR and OZR, whereas with hemorrhage OZR exhibit decompensation in arterial pressure before LZR. Renal, distal hindlimb, and skeletal muscle perfusion decreased more rapidly and to a greater extent in OZR vs. LZR after hemorrhage. In contrast, hemorrhage-induced reductions in splanchnic perfusion in OZR lagged behind those in LZR, although a similar maximum reduction was ultimately attained. With increasing hemorrhage, cremasteric arteriolar tone increased more in OZR than LZR, and this increase in active tone was entirely due to an elevated adrenergic contribution. Norepinephrine-induced arteriolar constriction was greater in OZR vs. LZR under control conditions and during hemorrhage, with arterioles from OZR demonstrating early closure vs. LZR. These results suggest that a combination of reduced blood volume and elevated peripheral adrenergic constriction contribute to impaired hemorrhage tolerance in OZR.

Venous plasma noradrenaline increases with age: correlation to total blood volume and long-term smoking habits

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Jensen ◽  
E. Eldrup ◽  
H. Kelbaek ◽  
S. L. Nielsen ◽  
N. J. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Venous Plasma

Plasma Noradrenaline Concentrations and Haemodynamics in the Early Stage of Essential Hypertension

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 69s-71s ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Miura ◽  
K. Kobayashi ◽  
H. Sakuma ◽  
H. Tomioka ◽  
M. Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range

1. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations and haemodynamic status were simultaneously studied in young patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension and in age-matched normal controls. 2. Resting plasma noradrenaline in the controls tended to increase slightly, but progressively, with age. The hypertensive subjects had significantly higher plasma noradrenaline concentrations than those in the controls, but these values did not show any age-related variation. The response of plasma noradrenaline to the standing position tended to increase with age in the controls, whereas plasma noradrenaline in the hypertensive subjects showed a wide range of responses without any fixed relationship with age. 3. The cardiac index was significantly greater in the labile hypertensive subjects than in the controls, whereas total peripheral resistance was significantly greater in the sustained hypertensive subjects than in the labile patients and in the controls. Mean arterial pressure in these patients was closely related with the values of total peripheral resistance rather than with the cardiac index. 4. Of the patients with raised plasma noradrenaline 80% showed significantly increased values of either total peripheral resistance or cardiac index. Plasma noradrenaline was correlated significantly to total peripheral resistance, and marginally to mean arterial pressure. 5. These findings support the view that sympathetic nervous overactivity is an important factor underlying the haemodynamic findings in these patients.

Effects of Carnosine on the Toxicity of Doxorubicin in Rabbits and Mice

Pteridines ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Zieba ◽  
Elzbieta Czarnecka ◽  
Małgorzata Wągrowska-Danilewicz ◽  
Malgorzata Dzielska-Olczak ◽  
Julita Graczyk
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Haemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Doxorubicin Administration

Abstract The aim of this study was to establish the effect of naturally occurring antioxidant - carnosine - on the doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in a rabbit model. For this purpose we evaluated the influence of doxorubicin administration alone and in a combined therapy with carnosine on the haemodynamic parameters and on the degree of cardiac muscle cells alterations in rabbits. The rabbits were divided into four groups. One group of rabbits was injccted with doxorubicin in a dose of 2 mg kg-1 weekly for 7 weeks to induce congestive heart failure. Another group of rabbits received the same doses of doxorubicin simultaneously with carnosine in a dose of 100 mg kg1 p.o. daily for 9 weeks. Administration of carnosine was started 1 week prior to the first dose of doxorubicin and was ended one week after the administration of the last dose of doxorubicin. The control groups of animals received 0.9% NaCl and carnosine alone. The following haemodynamic parameters were estimated: heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, stroke index and total peripheral resistance. Registration of the haemodynamic parameters in rabbits was performed by Doppler method. Carnosine normalised the values of mean arterial pressure in rabbits receiving doxorubicin, and increased the values of cardiac index and stroke index. The influence of carnosine on total peripheral resistance was not statistically significant, but there was a decreasing tendency. The degree of cardiac muscle cell alterations was examined by light microscopy using Mean Total Score technique. The histopathological studies revealed smaller damage of cardiac muscle in rabbits which received doxorubicin and carnosine, in comparison to animals receiving doxorubicin alone. Carnosine seems to be car dioprotective during doxorubicin administration

Anesthetic effects on hemodynamics of spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (4) ◽  
pp. H539-H544 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Smith ◽  
P. M. Hutchins
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

We studied the effects of three anesthetic agents on the central hemodynamics of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats instrumented with chronic electromagnetic flow probes and arterial pressure catheters. Cardiovascular alterations due to ether, pentobarbital sodium (PBS; 50 mg/kg), and a 2% chloralose-7.5% urethan mixture (CU; 6 ml/kg) were determined. Ether produced significant elevations in heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), and peak aortic flow velocity (PAFV) in SHRs (P less than 0.01) and elevations of HR and CI in WKYs (P less than 0.05). Ether reduced total peripheral resistance (TPR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in WKYs and SHRs (P less than 0.01). PBS decreased HR, CI, SV, MAP, PAFV, and minute work (MW) in both WKYs and SHRs (P less than 0.05--P less than 0.001). PBS also lowered TPR in WKYs (P less than 0.05). CU produced effects similar to those of PBS, but did not alter HR or TPR. Central hemodynamics are therefore significantly altered by these anesthetics when compared to those of conscious rats. These agents also have differential effects on the hemodynamics of SHRs and WKYs.

Hemodynamic monitoring for 24 h in unanesthetized rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (6) ◽  
pp. H1335-H1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Smith ◽  
T. G. Coleman ◽  
K. A. Stanek ◽  
W. R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance Index

A new technique is described that allows minute-to-minute recordings of cardiac output and arterial pressure in unanesthetized rats for periods of 24 h and longer. Rats were instrumented with electromagnetic flow probes and arterial catheters. An electrical and hydraulic swivel was interposed between the rat and recording apparatus to allow free range of movement. Data were collected and analyzed once each minute by computer. Average 24-h values (mean +/- SD) for the following hemodynamic variables were determined in eight rats [expressed where appropriate as a function of body weight (BW)]: cardiac output (98.1 +/- 14.7 ml/min), cardiac index (29.2 +/- 4.4 ml.min-1.100 g BW-1), mean arterial pressure (92.5 +/- 7.8 mmHg), heart rate (347 +/- 45 beats/min), peak aortic flow (403 +/- 32 ml/min), stroke volume (282 +/- 26 microliters), stroke volume index (84.4 +/- 8.1 microliters/100 g BW), and total peripheral resistance index (3.26 +/- 0.46 mmHg.ml-1.min.100 g BW). These results provide a data base of hemodynamic values for unanesthetized adult, Sprague-Dawley male rats, which has not been previously available. In addition, cardiac index, mean arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance index demonstrated diurnal variation. Diurnal variation contributed substantially to the overall variance observed within these variables. Hourly variance was also substantial and indicates the use of continuous recordings for short-term experiments.

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