Cardiopulmonary Blood Volume in Borderline Hypertension

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Safar ◽  
Y. A. Weiss ◽  
G. M. London ◽  
R. F. Frackowiak ◽  
P. L. Milliez
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Borderline Hypertension ◽  
Index Stroke

1. A haemodynamic study which included estimation of cardiopulmonary blood volume (CPBV), total blood volume (TBV) and vascular reactivity to noradrenaline was performed in seventeen borderline and sixteen permanent hypertensive patients. 2. Borderline hypertensive patients had higher values of cardiac index, stroke index and heart rate when compared with the permanent hypertensive patients, and lower values of blood pressure and total peripheral resistance. 3. The CPBV/TBV ratio was significantly higher in borderline hypertensive patients. In that group, this ratio was directly correlated with cardiac index, stroke index and the pressor dose of noradrenaline (P < 0.01). 4. In permanent hypertensive patients, none of these correlations was observed. Only the total blood volume was correlated directly with cardiac index and inversely with total peripheral resistance. 5. The study suggests that a redistribution of intravascular volume from peripheral veins to the cardiopulmonary capacitance bed occurs in borderline hypertension when compared with permanent hypertension and that hypertension is related to a neural mechanism in the borderline state and to a volume mechanism in the permanent state.

Haemodynamic and Blood Volume Studies in Long-Term Haemodialysis Patients, and in Patients with Successfully Transplanted Kidneys

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (s1) ◽  
pp. 155s-157s
Author(s):  
J. Tuckman ◽  
J.-L. Benninger ◽  
F. Reubi
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Transplanted Kidneys ◽  
Very High

1. Stabilized hypertensive haemodialysis patients, as well as those with normotension, had a greatly elevated cardiac index (CI) that was not due to hypervolemia, but was most likely secondary to their anaemic condition. The hypertension itself was not accompanied by hypervolaemia, but was associated with a relatively very high total peripheral resistance. 2. In eight patients with successfully transplanted kidneys the following results were found. (a) Five were clearly hypertensive and had supine mean arterial pressure between 117 and 143 mmHg. It is noted that they were receiving prednisone at the time of the studies. (b) CI was normal in seven. (c) Total blood volume was normal in all. (d) The presence of wide-open arterio-venous fistulae was not associated with an increase in CI.

The Meaning of Dopamine β-Hydroxylase in Essential Hypertension

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-579
Author(s):  
J. M. Alexandre ◽  
G. M. London ◽  
C. Chevillard ◽  
P. Lemaire ◽  
M. E. Safar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Borderline Hypertension ◽  
Haemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Apparently Healthy

1. Resting plasma dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) activity and haemodynamic parameters were studied in untreated borderline (twenty-nine) and permanent (twenty-seven) essential hypertensive patients. DBH was also measured in sixty-three apparently healthy subjects. 2. Mean DBH values were not significantly different between the groups. 3. Cardiac output, cardiopulmonary blood volume and the cardiopulmonary blood volume/total blood volume ratio (CPBV/TBV) were significantly higher in borderline than in permanent hypertensive patients. 4. In borderline hypertensive patients, plasma DBH activity was directly correlated with diastolic arterial pressure and with values of cardiac output, cardiopulmonary blood volume and CPBV/TBV ratio. No such correlations could be observed in the permanent hypertensive group. 5. These results suggest that plasma DBH activities in borderline hypertension mainly depend on the sympathetic activity responsible for the haemodynamic variations. Contrariwise, plasma DBH activities in permanent essential hypertensive patients appear to reflect other factors.

Effects of Carnosine on the Toxicity of Doxorubicin in Rabbits and Mice

Pteridines ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Zieba ◽  
Elzbieta Czarnecka ◽  
Małgorzata Wągrowska-Danilewicz ◽  
Malgorzata Dzielska-Olczak ◽  
Julita Graczyk
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Haemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Doxorubicin Administration

Abstract The aim of this study was to establish the effect of naturally occurring antioxidant - carnosine - on the doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in a rabbit model. For this purpose we evaluated the influence of doxorubicin administration alone and in a combined therapy with carnosine on the haemodynamic parameters and on the degree of cardiac muscle cells alterations in rabbits. The rabbits were divided into four groups. One group of rabbits was injccted with doxorubicin in a dose of 2 mg kg-1 weekly for 7 weeks to induce congestive heart failure. Another group of rabbits received the same doses of doxorubicin simultaneously with carnosine in a dose of 100 mg kg1 p.o. daily for 9 weeks. Administration of carnosine was started 1 week prior to the first dose of doxorubicin and was ended one week after the administration of the last dose of doxorubicin. The control groups of animals received 0.9% NaCl and carnosine alone. The following haemodynamic parameters were estimated: heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, stroke index and total peripheral resistance. Registration of the haemodynamic parameters in rabbits was performed by Doppler method. Carnosine normalised the values of mean arterial pressure in rabbits receiving doxorubicin, and increased the values of cardiac index and stroke index. The influence of carnosine on total peripheral resistance was not statistically significant, but there was a decreasing tendency. The degree of cardiac muscle cell alterations was examined by light microscopy using Mean Total Score technique. The histopathological studies revealed smaller damage of cardiac muscle in rabbits which received doxorubicin and carnosine, in comparison to animals receiving doxorubicin alone. Carnosine seems to be car dioprotective during doxorubicin administration

Effect of Sotalol on Haemodynamics and Renin—Angiotensin—Aldosterone System in Hypertensive Patients

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Verniory ◽  
M. Staroukine ◽  
F. Delwiche ◽  
M. Telerman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Receptor Blocking ◽  
Plasma Angiotensin

1. Twenty-three hypertensive patients were treated by sotalol, a pure beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent. The drug produced a significant decrease of blood pressure in nineteen patients. 2. On average, cardiac index decreased but not significantly; heart rate decreased and stroke index increased significantly. Total peripheral resistance varied in both directions. 3. Sotalol determined a fall in plasma renin concentration (only significant in the high-renin group), a fall in plasma angiotensin II concentration and in urinary excretion rate of aldosterone accompanied by a rise in plasma potassium concentration. 4. The fall of blood pressure was not correlated with the decreases of renin and angiotensin II concentrations or excretion rate of aldosterone. However, in the placebo period plasma angiotensin II concentration was significantly correlated with total peripheral resistance; during sotalol treatment the variations of these two parameters seemed also to be correlated. 5. There was a poor correlation between decreases of cardiac output and of blood pressure; it was impossible to foresee the magnitude of the lowering of the blood pressure from the initial cardiac index. 6. The association of a diuretic with sotalol enhanced the hypotensive effect of the beta-receptor blocking drug, without significant increase of plasma renin and angiotensin II concentrations.

Haemodynamics in Patients with Phaeochromocytoma

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Levenson ◽  
M. E. Safar ◽  
G. M. London ◽  
A. CH. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Male Subjects

1. Cardiac haemodynamics were studied in 14 male patients with phaeochromocytoma, in comparison with 33 normal male subjects and 65 males with essential hypertension. 2. At the time of the investigation, seven patients with phaeochromocytoma were hypertensive and seven were normotensive. Cardiac output was within normal limits. Total peripheral resistance was elevated in the hypertensive patients. Heart rate was elevated both in the normotensive and in the hypertensive patients, but decreased after surgical treatment. 3. The relationships between blood volume and blood pressure and between blood volume and cardiac output were the same as those observed in the control groups. 4. During tilt, a predominant systolic orthostatic hypotension was observed and was associated with decreased stroke volume and impaired adaptation of total peripheral resistance during tilt, indicating inadequate arteriolar and venous reflexes. 5. The study suggested that, except for tachycardia, the haemodynamic pattern of patients with phaeochromocytoma and with essential hypertension was nearly the same.

Central Haemodynamics and Plasma Prostaglandin E2 in Borderline and Sustained Essential Hypertensive Patients before and after Indomethacin

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 323s-325s ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Safar ◽  
A. F. Hornych ◽  
J. A. Levenson ◽  
A. Ch. Simon ◽  
G. M. London ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
Pg E2

1. In basal conditions, plasma arterial prostaglandin (PG) E2 was significantly increased in borderline hypertensive patients (BH) (28.5 ± 6.7 pg/ml) in comparison with sustained essential hypertensive patients (EH) (11.6 ± 3.2 pg/ml) and in comparison with control normotensive subjects (NTS) (5.8 ± 1.4 pg/ml). 2. Plasma arterial PGE2 was positively significantly correlated with cardiac index and negatively significantly correlated with total peripheral resistance in basal conditions. 3. Indomethacin induced more pronounced haemodynamic changes in borderline than in sustained hypertensive patients, with a significant increase in arterial blood pressure and total peripheral resistance and a significant decrease in stroke volume and cardiac index. 4. Indomethacin significantly decreased arterial PGE2 in borderline hypertensive patients. The decrease was less important in sustained hypertensive patients. 5. In the overall population, a significant positive correlation between arterial PGE2 concentration and cardiac index was observed before and after indomethacin treatment. 6. The study suggests an important role of PGE2 in the regulation of cardiac output (positive inotropic effect) and blood pressure of essential hypertensive patients.

Carboxyhemoglobinemia, polycythemia, cardiomegaly, and cardiovascular function in the anesthetized rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2205-2211 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Penney ◽  
Michael S. Baylerian
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Stroke Work ◽  
Index Stroke

The effects of carbon monoxide (CO), polycythemia (PC), and cardiomegaly (CM) on cardiovascular function were investigated in adult rats in which the latter two conditions were induced by 500 ppm CO inhalation for 5–6 weeks. Using an anesthetized open-chest preparation, these rats were compared with normal rats. With CO + PC + CM present, resting cardiac index, stroke index, stroke work, and minute work were elevated (heart rate also in the conscious state), while left ventricle end-diastolic pressure (LVDP) was normal. With PC + CM after CO washout, cardiac index and stroke index returned to normal at normal LVDP. Minute work, peripheral resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure, however, remained above normal. With CM alone, minute work, +dP/dtmax, +dF/dtmax, peripheral resistance, blood pressure, and LVDP declined from the condition with PC + CM. Although most cardiovascular parameters increased in the three conditions above with acutely increased LVDP, only with CM alone was performance augmentation normal. The results (i) reveal several characteristics of the hemodynamic response to chronic carboxyhemoglobinemia, (ii) suggest that the transient hypertension attending CO elimination in the presence of PC results from rapid reversal of peripheral vasodilatation, (iii) demonstrate decreased cardiac functional reserve with CO and (or) polycythemia upon preload challenge, and (iv) provide evidence for the benign nature of CO-induced cardiomegaly alone, on heart function.

Haemodynamics of Stable Renal Transplant Recipients

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 377s-379s ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Kim ◽  
O. Bates ◽  
P. Lyons ◽  
J. Pitone ◽  
E. W. Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
The Mean

1. Haemodynamics, blood volume, plasma renin concentration and creatinine clearance were evaluated in 24 stable renal transplant recipients. 2. The mean cardiac index of the transplant recipients was not different from that of the normal subjects. 3. The transplant recipients comprised eight hypertensive and 16 normotensive patients. The mean cardiac index was the same in eight hypertensive and 16 normotensive patients. Thus the hypertension of stable renal transplant recipients is sustained by a high total peripheral resistance. 4. The mean blood volume, plasma renin concentration and creatinine clearance were similar in eight hypertensive and 16 normotensive patients. Therefore the hypertension of stable renal transplant recipients is not related to blood volume expansion, elevated peripheral renin or low creatinine clearance. The cause of the elevated total peripheral resistance in hypertension in stable renal transplant recipients remains to be elucidated.

Observations on Cardiac Output and ”Pulmonary Blood Volume” in Normal Man by External Recording of the Intracardiac Flow of 131I Labelled Albumin

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (04) ◽  
pp. 353-379
Author(s):  
Jacques Lammerant ◽  
Norman Veall ◽  
Michel De Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Total Blood Volume ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Volume ◽  
Intracardiac Flow ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Mean Circulation

Summary1. The technique for the measurement of cardiac output by external recording of the intracardiac flow of 131I labelled human serum albumin has been extended to provide a measure of the mean circulation time from right to left heart and hence a new approach to the estimation of the pulmonary blood volume.2. Values for the basal cardiac output in normal subjects and its variations with age are in good agreement with the previously published data of other workers.3. The pulmonary blood volume in normal man in the basal state was found to be 28.2 ± 0.6% of the total blood volume.4. There was no correlation between cardiac output and pulmonary blood volume in a series of normal subjects in the basal state.5. The increase in cardiac output during digestion was associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume equal to 6.3 ± 1.2% of the total blood volume, that is, about 280 ml.6. The increase in cardiac output during exercise was associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume equal to 4.5 ± 1.0% of the total blood volume, that is, about 200 ml.7. The increase in cardiac output attributed to alarm is not associated with a decrease in pulmonary blood volume, the latter may in fact be increased.8. The total blood volume is advocated as a standard of reference for studies of this type in normal subjects in preference to body weight or surface area.9. The significance of these results and the validity of the method are discussed.

Long-term hemodynamic actions of atrial natriuretic factor (99-126) in conscious sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. H811-H815 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Parkes ◽  
J. P. Coghlan ◽  
J. G. McDougall ◽  
B. A. Scoggins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of long-term (5 day) infusion of human atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) were examined in conscious chronically instrumented sheep. Infusion of ANF at 20 micrograms/h, a rate below the threshold for an acute natriuretic effect, decreased blood pressure by 9 +/- 1 mmHg on day 5, associated with a fall in calculated total peripheral resistance. On day 1, ANF reduced cardiac output, stroke volume, and blood volume, effects that were associated with an increase in heart rate and calculated total peripheral resistance and a small decrease in blood pressure. On days 4 and 5 there was a small increase in urine volume and sodium excretion. On day 5 an increase in water intake and body weight was observed. No change was seen in plasma concentrations of renin, arginine vasopressin, glucose, adrenocorticotropic hormone, or protein. This study suggests that the short-term hypotensive effect of ANF results from a reduction in cardiac output associated with a fall in both stroke volume and effective blood volume. However, after 5 days of infusion, ANF lowers blood pressure via a reduction in total peripheral resistance.

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