Brain Catecholamines and Catecholamine-Synthesizing Enzymes in Renovascular Hypertension in the Rat

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 101s-103s
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Petty ◽  
John L. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Brain Catecholamines ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Noradrenaline Content ◽  
Methyl Transferase ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Catecholamine Synthesizing Enzymes

1. Noradrenaline content of several rat brain stem and hypothalamic nuclei falls transiently at 72 h after initiation of renovascular hypertension (one-kidney Goldblatt model). 2. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity is significantly reduced in posterior, paraventricular and periventricular nuclei of hypothalamus at this time but returns to control value by 7 days. 3. Treatment with hydrallazine, 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally, twice daily or methoxamine, 5 mg/kg, three times daily for 3 days respectively raises and lowers the noradrenaline content of brain nuclei, suggesting that short-term changes in noradrenaline may be secondary to afferent baroreceptor input. 4. At later times after the development of renovascular hypertension (7 and 28 days) activity of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase is increased in the nucleus of the solitary tract and the locus coeruleus. 5. Brain catecholamines may participate both early in the development and later in the maintenance of renovascular hypertension.

Differential stimulation of c-fos expression in hypothalamic nuclei of the rat brain during short-term heat acclimation and mild dehydration

1998 ◽  
Vol 798 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Patronas ◽  
Michal Horowitz ◽  
Eckhart Simon ◽  
Rüdiger Gerstberger
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Heat Acclimation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Stimulation Of

The Market for Corporate Control: Value, Stakeholders, and Governance

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Corporate Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Market For Corporate Control ◽  
Empirical Context ◽  
The Uk

This Chapter introduces the market for corporate control and provides theoretical and empirical context about the functioning and effects of the market for corporate control. Ideally such context should inform the analysis and evaluation of the Takeover Code’s regulation of the UK market for corporate control. However, as the Chapter shows, neither our understanding of the likely effects of the market for corporate control on companies, boards, shareholders and stakeholders, nor the state of empirical evidence provide clear cut guidance on how to regulate the market for corporate control. The Chapter considers evidence on the value effects of takeovers and shows that evidence from the short term market response to announced takeovers supports claims that takeovers in aggregate generate value, but the longer term evidence is more mixed and inconclusive. It also considers the methodological limitations of both the short term and long term evidence. The Chapter then proceeds to consider the effect of the market for corporate control on stakeholders. It explores the commonly held view that takeovers are detrimental for employees but finds again that the empirical evidence is inconclusive, although the theoretical case that takeover activity may undermine employee investment in the business remains compelling. The Chapter then explores the role of the market for corporate control as a governance device. It is often assumed that the market for corporate control acts as a disciplinary device holding managers to account, but as the Chapter shows the disciplinary effects work differently and less precisely than regulators and the public debate commonly assume. The Chapter also shows that such indirect effects may also mould management and board behaviour in economically suboptimal ways, which the Chapter considers in the context of the debate about the possible short term orientation of UK boards.

Short-term Effects of Endothelins on Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity and Expression in the Olfactory Bulb of Normotensive Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 953-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina L. Nabhen ◽  
Guadalupe Perfume ◽  
María A. Battistone ◽  
Andrés Rossi ◽  
Tamara Abramoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Short Term Effects

Early Changes in Noradrenaline Content of Some Brain Nuclei in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 243s-245s ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Hanh Le Quan-Bui ◽  
Jean-Luc Elghozi ◽  
Marie-Aude Devynck ◽  
Philippe Meyer
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Cardiovascular Regulation ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Noradrenaline Content ◽  
Brain Nuclei ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Adrenergic Activity

1. The noradrenaline content of individual brain nuclei was measured by using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection. 2. This study was performed on spontaneously hypertensive rats during the development of hypertension (4 and 12 weeks) and also on deoxycorticosterone-salt hypertensive rats after 1 and 4 weeks of treatment. 3. In young spontaneously hypertensive rats a significant decrease in noradrenaline content was observed in some medullary and hypothalamic nuclei which are involved in cardiovascular regulation. No change was observed after deoxycorticosterone-salt treatment. 4. It is proposed that a change in adrenergic activity, restricted to brain cardiovascular centres, could represent a mechanism triggering spontaneous hypertension.

scholarly journals Epidermal growth factor, like glucagon, exerts a short-term stimulation of alanine transport in rat hepatocytes

1987 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Moule ◽  
J D McGivan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Membrane Hyperpolarization ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Alanine Transport ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Stimulation Of

Epidermal growth factor causes a transient stimulation of alanine transport in hepatocytes. The stimulation is maximal after 30 min, and the rate returns to the control value after 90 min. These characteristics are very similar to the short-term stimulation of alanine transport by glucagon, which has been attributed to cell membrane hyperpolarization.

The effect of adrenal demedullation on the blood sugar level of rats subjected to long-term cold stress

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Jarratt ◽  
N. W. Nowell
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats ◽  
Intact Rats

Blood sugar levels and adrenal weights (where possible) were recorded, after a 24-h fast, in normal intact, adrenal-demedullated, and adrenalectomized rats kept at 4 °C for up to 130 days. These were compared with data from control rats kept at 21 °C. Hypoglycemia (relative to the control value) prevailed in both normal intact and, more profoundly, in adrenal-demedullated rats during the first 24 h of chilling but no deaths occurred. Adrenalectomized rats, whose blood sugar level at 21 °C was subnormal, at 4 °C soon showed extreme hypoglycemia and died. More prolonged chilling in normal intact rats resulted in hyperglycemia which lasted until after the 25th day. In contrast, in chilled adrenal-demedullated animals the blood sugar remained at the control level throughout this period. At the 50th day the blood sugar of normal intact animals fell to the control value and remained so thereafter. A similar fall in adrenal-demedullated rats resulted in hypoglycemia, but a rise to control values was recorded from the 75th day. Adrenocortical hypertrophy was generally more extensive in the demedullated animals than in the normal intact animals but was absent in both groups by the 130th day. We conclude that the adrenal medulla, besides helping to provide extra blood glucose during exposure to short-term chilling, is also responsible for the sustained hyperglycemia of rats chilled for prolonged periods and thus assists in their acclimation to long-term cold stress.

Peripheral and Central Catecholaminergic Neurons in Genetic and Experimental Hypertension in Rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 377s-380s ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Grobecker ◽  
J. M. Saavedra ◽  
M. F. Roizen ◽  
V. Weise ◽  
I. J. Kopin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Methyl Transferase ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Catecholaminergic Neurons ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
The Brain

1. Activity of peripheral and central catecholaminergic neurons was studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)—salt hypertensive rats. 2. In young SHR (4 weeks) the plasma values of both noradrenaline and dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity were increased compared with those of normotensive rats of the Wistar/Kyoto strain. Total catecholamines (mostly adrenaline) were not significantly different. 3. In the adrenal glands of 2-weeks-old and 4-weeks-old SHR activities of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase, phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase were decreased, compared to Wistar/Kyoto rats. 4. The adrenaline-forming enzyme was elevated in the A1 and A2 regions of the brain stem of 4-weeks-old SHR and in the A1 region of adult DOCA—salt hypertensive rats. 5. In the adrenal glands of adult DOCA—salt hypertensive rats tyrosine hydroxylase activity was increased. 6. These results implicate peripheral noradrenaline-containing neurons and central adrenaline-containing neurons in the development of genetic and experimental hypertension in rats.

Short-term regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and expression by endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 in the rat posterior hypothalamus

2007 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Perfume ◽  
Carolina Morgazo ◽  
Sabrina Nabhen ◽  
Agustina Batistone ◽  
Sandra I. Hope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Posterior Hypothalamus ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Endothelin 3
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