Relation of Arterial Pressure with Exchangeable and Total Body Sodium and with Plasma Exchangeable and Total Body Potassium in Essential Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 81s-84s ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Beretta-Piccoli ◽  
D. L. Davies ◽  
K. Boddy ◽  
J. J. Brown ◽  
A. M. M. Cumming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Total Body

1. Arterial pressure, plasma electrolytes and exchangeable sodium were measured in 91 patients with essential hypertension and in 121 normal control subjects. Total body sodium, exchangeable potassium and total body potassium were also measured in some of the hypertensive patients. 2. Mean plasma sodium concentration was slightly but significantly lower in the hypertensive patients as a group, but mean values for other electrolyte measurements were close to normal or predicted normal. 3. Exchangeable sodium was not related to arterial pressure in normal subjects but in hypertensive patients exchangeable sodium correlated significantly with systolic and diastolic pressures. These correlations were significant with two methods of expressing exchangeable sodium, in the whole group of patients, in men and in older patients. Exchangeable sodium was not significantly related to arterial pressure in young patients. 4. Total body sodium also correlated significantly with systolic and diastolic pressures in hypertensive patients. 5. Exchangeable sodium was significantly related to age in hypertensive patients but not in normal subjects. Mean exchangeable sodium was significantly lower than normal in young patients. 6. Plasma potassium concentration was not related to arterial pressure in normal subjects but in essential hypertensive patients plasma potassium concentration, exchangeable potassium and total body potassium correlated negatively with systolic and diastolic pressures. These correlations were also significant in young, but not in old patients.

Relation of Arterial Pressure with Body Sodium, Body Potassium and Plasma Potassium in Essential Hypertension

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Beretta-Piccoli ◽  
D. L. Davies ◽  
K. Boddy ◽  
J. J. Brown ◽  
A. M. M. Cumming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Low Renin Hypertension ◽  
Total Body

1. Exchangeable sodium (NaE), plasma electrolytes and arterial pressure were measured in 121 normal subjects and 91 patients with untreated essential hypertension (diastolic >100 mmHg), 21 of whom had low-renin hypertension. Plasma concentrations of renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone were measured in all hypertensive patients, total body sodium, total body potassium and exchangeable potassium (KE) in some patients. 2. Mean NaE was not different in normal and hypertensive subjects provided the two groups were matched for leanness index. In the subgroup of young hypertensive patients aged 35 years or less mean NaE was below normal. NaE was not related to arterial pressure in normal subjects but in hypertensive patients there were positive and significant correlations of arterial pressure with NaE and with total body sodium. 3. NaE and total body sodium increased with age in hypertensive but not in normal subjects. Partial regression analysis suggested that the correlation of NaE with arterial pressure was not explained by an influence of age. 4. Mean NaE was not increased and mean KE was not decreased in patients with low-renin hypertension. 5. Plasma potassium concentration, KE and total body potassium correlated inversely and significantly with blood pressure in hypertensive patients. These correlations were more marked in young than in old patients. 6. Multiple regression analysis showed that the combination of NaE and plasma potassium concentration ‘explained’ more of the variation of systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients than it did in normal subjects. Plasma potassium concentration ‘explained’ more of the variation in young hypertensives and NaE ‘explained’ more in older patients. 7. Our findings suggest that changes of plasma and body potassium are important in the earlier stages of essential hypertension and that changes of body sodium become important later.

The Relation of Arterial Pressure with Plasma and Body Electrolytes is Similar in Conn's Syndrome and Essential Hypertension

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 89s-92s ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Beretta-Piccoli ◽  
D. L. Davies ◽  
J. J. Brown ◽  
J. B. Ferriss ◽  
R. Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Conn’S Syndrome

1. Arterial pressure, exchangeable sodium (NaE), exchangeable potassium (KE) and plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, urea, angiotension II and aldosterone were measured in 34 patients with untreated Conn's syndrome before surgical removal of their adenoma. The study was repeated in 23 patients between 3 and 12 months after the operation. 2. Plasma aldosterone, NaE and plasma sodium concentration were higher and KE and plasma potassium concentration were lower than predicted normal. Surgery corrected these abnormalities, also reducing blood pressure from an average of 183/112 to 138/86 mmHg. 3. Systolic blood pressure was positively correlated with plasma and exchangeable sodium and negatively correlated with plasma potassium concentration. The relation of NaE and arterial pressure was closer in old than in young patients. None of these correlations was significant after operation. Before operation plasma urea was insignificantly related to arterial pressure but after operation a significant and positive correlation emerged. 4. A relation between arterial pressure and NaE is to be expected in a state of mineralocorticoid excess but the different correlation in old and young patients was not expected. A similar difference exists in patients with essential hypertension.

scholarly journals Fluctuations in plasma potassium in patients on dialysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii19-iii25
Author(s):  
Csaba P Kovesdy
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Potassium Balance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Plasma potassium concentration is maintained in a narrow range to avoid deleterious electrophysiologic consequences of both abnormally low and high levels. This is achieved by redundant physiologic mechanisms, with the kidneys playing a central role in maintaining both short-term plasma potassium stability and long-term total body potassium balance. In patients with end-stage renal disease, the lack of kidney function reduces the body’s ability to maintain normal physiologic potassium balance. Routine thrice-weekly dialysis therapy achieves long-term total body potassium mass balance, but the intermittent nature of dialytic therapy can result in wide fluctuations in plasma potassium concentration and consequently contribute to an increased risk of arrhythmogenicity. Various dialytic and nondialytic interventions can reduce the magnitude of these fluctuations, but the impact of such interventions on clinical outcomes remains unclear.

Total Body Potassium in Patients Receiving Chlorthalidone and Metoprolol for Hypertension

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. B. Gray ◽  
D. H. Lawson ◽  
K. Boddy ◽  
W. East
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Average Period ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
Total Body

Measurements of potassium status were reviewed in 23 hypertensive patients receiving metoprolol either alone or in combination with chlorthalidone or chlorthalidone plus potassium over an average period of nine months. There was no statistically significant change in plasma potassium, total blood cell or total body groups developed hypokalaemia (serum potassium <3.0mmol/l) in the absence of significant falls in total blood cell or total body potassium. Thus the use of chlorthalidone plus potassium did not provide adequate prophylaxis against hypokalaemia even in metoprolol recipients. The study confirms that monitoring parameters of potassium handling is still necessary in β-blocker recipients who also receive diuretics alone or in a fixed-dose combination with potassium.

An Improved Method for the Determination of Potassium in Leucocytes

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schlebusch ◽  
M. Sorger ◽  
A. Höck ◽  
F. KrüCk
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Potassium Balance ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Intracellular Potassium Concentration ◽  
Better Than

1. in twenty normal subjects and five patients with disturbances of potassium balance, the potassium concentration in leucocytes was measured by a modified technique. 2. The precision of the method was three to four times greater than that of techniques previously described, with a coefficient of variation for duplicate analyses of 2.3%. 3. A comparison between intraleucocyte potassium concentration and total body potassium in five patients with pathological alterations in their potassium balance showed that intracellular potassium concentration may reflect the clinical state better than total body potassium.

EFFECT OF POTASSIUM INTAKE ON THE FINAL STEPS OF ALDOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS IN THE RAT

1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürg Müller ◽  
Klaus Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Aldosterone Production ◽  
Potassium Restriction ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

ABSTRACT Capsular adrenals ("zona glomerulosa") of rats which had been kept on a sodium- and potassium-deficient diet and which were markedly hypokalaemic, converted tritiated corticosterone to 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone, and tritiated cortexolone to cortisol at the same respective rates as the capsular adrenals of sodium- and potassium-replete animals. Aldosterone production from endogenous precursors was elevated under basal conditions of incubation, but not under stimulation by added serotonin. Corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone outputs were normal during incubation with or without serotonin. Capsular adrenals of rats which had been kept first on a potassium-deficient diet for two weeks and then on a sodium- and potassium-deficient diet for two weeks converted 18 times more tritiated corticosterone to 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone and produced 5 times more aldosterone from endogenous precursors than the tissue of rats which had been kept on the potassium-deficient diet for the whole period, although the serum potassium was similarly low in both groups. These results indicate that under simple potassium restriction as well as under combined sodium and potassium restriction, neither the plasma potassium concentration nor the total body potassium is the only regulator of the activity of the enzymes involved in the final steps of aldosterone biosynthesis.

The Relation between Potassium in Body Fluids and Total Body Potassium in Healthy and Diabetic Subjects

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
K. Boddy ◽  
R. Hume ◽  
C. White ◽  
A. Pack ◽  
P. C. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Total Body

1. The concentration of potassium in the erythrocytes and the plasma of forty-one normal subjects and twenty-five diabetic patients was measured and the results were used to calculate the total amount of potassium in the erythrocyte mass and the total amount of potassium in the plasma. The total body potassium was measured in a whole-body monitor. 2. In normal subjects a close correlation was found between total erythrocyte potassium and total body potassium and also between total plasma potassium and total body potassium. 3. The regression relation between total body potassium and total erythrocyte potassium in normal subjects was used to predict the total body potassium in diabetic patients. There was reasonable agreement between the measured and predicted total body potassium but there was poor agreement between the measured total body potassium and that predicted from the patient's height and age or height, weight and age.

scholarly journals Relationships Among Intravascular Volume, Total Body Sodium, Arterial Pressure, and Vasomotor Tone

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIDEO TAKAGI ◽  
HARRIET P. DUSTAN ◽  
IRVINE H. PAGE
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Intravascular Volume ◽  
Vasomotor Tone ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Total Body

Increase of Total Body Potassium and Decrease of Exchangeable Sodium after Long-Term Treatment with a β-Receptor-Blocking Agent (Prindolol) in Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 551s-554s
Author(s):  
H. M. Brecht ◽  
E. Werner ◽  
W. Schoeppe
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Total Body

1. The effect of long-term treatment with prindolol on blood pressure, total body potassium (Kt), exchangeable sodium (Nae) and plasma renin activity was investigated in twelve patients with essential hypertension. 2. Systolic and diastolic pressures were significantly reduced from 164/112 to 127/90 mmHg under basal conditions. 3. Before treatment Na. in patients with essential hypertension was significantly higher than in normotensive individuals. After an average of 16 weeks on prindolol Nae in patients with essential hypertension was significantly decreased, despite an average increase in body weight of 2 kg in the patients. 4. In contrast to the decrease in Nae, Kt was found to be significantly increased after long-term treatment with prindolol. Kt values of patients before and after prindolol, however, did not differ significantly from the corresponding sex- and age-dependent normal values. 5. Plasma renin activity was slightly diminished under basal and orthostatic conditions; the stimulatory effect of orthostasis was not abolished but reduced by prindolol. 6. It is suggested that the changes in sodium balance contribute to the anti-hypertensive effect of prindolol in patients with essential hypertension.

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