The Relation between Potassium in Body Fluids and Total Body Potassium in Healthy and Diabetic Subjects

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
K. Boddy ◽  
R. Hume ◽  
C. White ◽  
A. Pack ◽  
P. C. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Total Body

1. The concentration of potassium in the erythrocytes and the plasma of forty-one normal subjects and twenty-five diabetic patients was measured and the results were used to calculate the total amount of potassium in the erythrocyte mass and the total amount of potassium in the plasma. The total body potassium was measured in a whole-body monitor. 2. In normal subjects a close correlation was found between total erythrocyte potassium and total body potassium and also between total plasma potassium and total body potassium. 3. The regression relation between total body potassium and total erythrocyte potassium in normal subjects was used to predict the total body potassium in diabetic patients. There was reasonable agreement between the measured and predicted total body potassium but there was poor agreement between the measured total body potassium and that predicted from the patient's height and age or height, weight and age.

Relation of Arterial Pressure with Body Sodium, Body Potassium and Plasma Potassium in Essential Hypertension

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Beretta-Piccoli ◽  
D. L. Davies ◽  
K. Boddy ◽  
J. J. Brown ◽  
A. M. M. Cumming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Low Renin Hypertension ◽  
Total Body

1. Exchangeable sodium (NaE), plasma electrolytes and arterial pressure were measured in 121 normal subjects and 91 patients with untreated essential hypertension (diastolic >100 mmHg), 21 of whom had low-renin hypertension. Plasma concentrations of renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone were measured in all hypertensive patients, total body sodium, total body potassium and exchangeable potassium (KE) in some patients. 2. Mean NaE was not different in normal and hypertensive subjects provided the two groups were matched for leanness index. In the subgroup of young hypertensive patients aged 35 years or less mean NaE was below normal. NaE was not related to arterial pressure in normal subjects but in hypertensive patients there were positive and significant correlations of arterial pressure with NaE and with total body sodium. 3. NaE and total body sodium increased with age in hypertensive but not in normal subjects. Partial regression analysis suggested that the correlation of NaE with arterial pressure was not explained by an influence of age. 4. Mean NaE was not increased and mean KE was not decreased in patients with low-renin hypertension. 5. Plasma potassium concentration, KE and total body potassium correlated inversely and significantly with blood pressure in hypertensive patients. These correlations were more marked in young than in old patients. 6. Multiple regression analysis showed that the combination of NaE and plasma potassium concentration ‘explained’ more of the variation of systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients than it did in normal subjects. Plasma potassium concentration ‘explained’ more of the variation in young hypertensives and NaE ‘explained’ more in older patients. 7. Our findings suggest that changes of plasma and body potassium are important in the earlier stages of essential hypertension and that changes of body sodium become important later.

Relation of Arterial Pressure with Exchangeable and Total Body Sodium and with Plasma Exchangeable and Total Body Potassium in Essential Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 81s-84s ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Beretta-Piccoli ◽  
D. L. Davies ◽  
K. Boddy ◽  
J. J. Brown ◽  
A. M. M. Cumming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Total Body

1. Arterial pressure, plasma electrolytes and exchangeable sodium were measured in 91 patients with essential hypertension and in 121 normal control subjects. Total body sodium, exchangeable potassium and total body potassium were also measured in some of the hypertensive patients. 2. Mean plasma sodium concentration was slightly but significantly lower in the hypertensive patients as a group, but mean values for other electrolyte measurements were close to normal or predicted normal. 3. Exchangeable sodium was not related to arterial pressure in normal subjects but in hypertensive patients exchangeable sodium correlated significantly with systolic and diastolic pressures. These correlations were significant with two methods of expressing exchangeable sodium, in the whole group of patients, in men and in older patients. Exchangeable sodium was not significantly related to arterial pressure in young patients. 4. Total body sodium also correlated significantly with systolic and diastolic pressures in hypertensive patients. 5. Exchangeable sodium was significantly related to age in hypertensive patients but not in normal subjects. Mean exchangeable sodium was significantly lower than normal in young patients. 6. Plasma potassium concentration was not related to arterial pressure in normal subjects but in essential hypertensive patients plasma potassium concentration, exchangeable potassium and total body potassium correlated negatively with systolic and diastolic pressures. These correlations were also significant in young, but not in old patients.

A Whole Body Counter for Serial Studies of Total Body Potassium

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Johny ◽  
B. W. Worthley ◽  
J. R. Lawrence ◽  
M. W. O'Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Body Counter ◽  
Whole Body Counter ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
Normal Variability

1. The use of a whole body counter in total body potassium estimations is described. The accuracy and value of the counter in measuring serial changes in total body potassium was assessed. 2. Serial study of twelve normal subjects at varying intervals revealed a normal variability in total body potassium of up to 1·23% (4-weekly measurements over 3 months). The error involved in counting statistics alone was 4%. 3. The whole body counter appears to be an accurate and useful method of assessing total body potassium in clinical studies.

Whole body leucine turnover and nutritional status in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. J. Goodship ◽  
S. Lloyd ◽  
M. B. Clague ◽  
K. Bartlett ◽  
M. K. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Somatic Muscle ◽  
Total Body

1. Nutritional status and leucine turnover has been measured in ten patients with chronic renal failure before the onset of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and after 3 months treatment, and in five normal subjects. 2. Somatic muscle protein reserves, as judged by anthropometry and measurement of total body potassium, showed no significant changes after 3 months treatment and were not significantly different from normal. 3. Visceral protein reserves, as judged by serum albumin and plasma amino acids, showed a significant fall after 3 months CAPD and were also lower than in normal subjects. 4. Protein turnover was lower in uraemic than in normal subjects, but the balance between synthesis and breakdown was significantly higher and was maintained after 3 months on CAPD.

Insulin resistance is localized to skeletal but not heart muscle in type 1 diabetes

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (5) ◽  
pp. E756-E762 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nuutila ◽  
J. Knuuti ◽  
U. Ruotsalainen ◽  
V. A. Koivisto ◽  
E. Eronen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Arm Muscles ◽  
Type 1 Diabetic Patients

To determine the tissue localization of insulin resistance in type 1 diabetic patients, whole body and regional glucose uptake rates were determined under euglycemic hyperinsulinemic conditions. Leg, arm, and heart glucose uptake rates were measured using positron emission tomography-derived 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose kinetics and the three-compartment model described by Sokoloff et al. (L. Sokoloff, M. Reivich, C. Kennedy, M.C. DesRosiers, C.S. Patlak, K.D. Pettigrew, O. Sakurada, and M. Shinohara. J. Neurochem. 28: 897–916, 1977) in eight type 1 diabetic patients and eight matched normal subjects. Whole body glucose uptake was quantitated by the euglycemic insulin clamp technique. Whole body glucose uptake was approximately 31% lower in the diabetic patients (P < 0.01) than in the normal subjects, thus confirming the presence of whole body insulin resistance. The rate of glucose uptake was approximately 45% lower in leg muscle when measured in the femoral region (55 +/- 7 vs. 102 +/- 13 mumol.kg muscle-1.min-1, diabetic patients vs. normal subjects, P < 0.05) and approximately 27% lower in the arm muscles (66 +/- 4 vs. 90 +/- 13 mumol.kg muscle-1.min-1, respectively, P < 0.05), whereas no difference was observed in heart glucose uptake [789 +/- 80 vs. 763 +/- 58 mumol.kg muscle-1.min-1 not significant (NS)]. Whole body glucose uptake correlated with glucose uptake in femoral (r = 0.93, P < 0.005) and arm muscles (r = 0.66, P < 0.05) but not with glucose uptake in the heart (r = 0.04, NS). We conclude that insulin resistance in type 1 diabetic patients is localized to skeletal muscle, whereas heart glucose uptake is unaffected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Fluctuations in plasma potassium in patients on dialysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii19-iii25
Author(s):  
Csaba P Kovesdy
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Potassium Balance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Plasma potassium concentration is maintained in a narrow range to avoid deleterious electrophysiologic consequences of both abnormally low and high levels. This is achieved by redundant physiologic mechanisms, with the kidneys playing a central role in maintaining both short-term plasma potassium stability and long-term total body potassium balance. In patients with end-stage renal disease, the lack of kidney function reduces the body’s ability to maintain normal physiologic potassium balance. Routine thrice-weekly dialysis therapy achieves long-term total body potassium mass balance, but the intermittent nature of dialytic therapy can result in wide fluctuations in plasma potassium concentration and consequently contribute to an increased risk of arrhythmogenicity. Various dialytic and nondialytic interventions can reduce the magnitude of these fluctuations, but the impact of such interventions on clinical outcomes remains unclear.

Total Body Potassium in Patients Receiving Chlorthalidone and Metoprolol for Hypertension

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. B. Gray ◽  
D. H. Lawson ◽  
K. Boddy ◽  
W. East
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Average Period ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
Total Body

Measurements of potassium status were reviewed in 23 hypertensive patients receiving metoprolol either alone or in combination with chlorthalidone or chlorthalidone plus potassium over an average period of nine months. There was no statistically significant change in plasma potassium, total blood cell or total body groups developed hypokalaemia (serum potassium <3.0mmol/l) in the absence of significant falls in total blood cell or total body potassium. Thus the use of chlorthalidone plus potassium did not provide adequate prophylaxis against hypokalaemia even in metoprolol recipients. The study confirms that monitoring parameters of potassium handling is still necessary in β-blocker recipients who also receive diuretics alone or in a fixed-dose combination with potassium.

Relationship of resting metabolic rate to body composition and protein turnover

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (6) ◽  
pp. E990-E998 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Welle ◽  
K. S. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Relationship Of

This study examined whether variability among healthy young adults in resting metabolic rate, normalized for the amount of metabolically active tissue (assessed by total body potassium), is related to protein turnover. Resting metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry for 2 h in 26 men and 21 women, 19-33 yr old, with simultaneous estimation of protein turnover during a 4-h infusion of L-[1-13C]leucine. After adjusting metabolic rate for total body potassium, the standard deviation was only 89 kcal/day, or 5.5% of the average value. There was a high correlation between leucine flux (an index of proteolysis) and metabolic rate (r = 0.84) and between the nonoxidized portion of leucine flux (an index of protein synthesis) and metabolic rate (r = 0.83). This relationship was weaker, but still significant, after adjusting leucine metabolism and metabolic rate for total body potassium (r = 0.36 for leucine flux vs. metabolic rate, r = 0.33 for nonoxidized portion of leucine flux vs. metabolic rate, P less than 0.05). The regression analysis suggested that the contribution of protein turnover to resting metabolic rate was approximately 20% in an average subject. Metabolic rate and protein turnover were highest in the subjects with the greatest amount of body fat, even after accounting for differences in whole body potassium. Neither resting metabolic rate nor protein turnover was related to total or free concentrations of thyroxine or triiodothyronine, within the euthyroid range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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