Antihypertensive Effect of Guanfacine: Long-Term ‘Once-a-Day’ Treatment and Sudden Withdrawal

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 469s-471s
Author(s):  
I. Szám ◽  
J. Holló
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise ◽  
Abrupt Discontinuation

1. Twenty patients with essential hypertension were treated with guanfacine given in single daily doses of 1–5 mg over a period of 24 weeks. Compared with the initial values at the end of the first wash-out period, there was a significant decrease of blood pressure and heart rate. The most common side effect, dryness of the mouth, usually disappeared after 8–10 weeks of treatment. No changes in laboratory values were seen. In the post-treatment placebo period there were significant increases in blood pressure and heart rate compared with the last readings during the treatment period. However, these never exceeded the pretreatment values. 2. In a second trial guanfacine (1–5 mg daily) was abruptly discontinued in 11 patients after 6–20 weeks' treatment. Blood pressure was measured twice a day, in lying and standing positions, during the 4 days before abrupt withdrawal of guanfacine and for 7 days after discontinuation. Clopamide was given concurrently to two patients, and this was continued after withdrawal of guanfacine. Only in two patients did the blood pressure rise to values above the initial levels (30 mmHg systolic and 10 mmHg diastolic), but no clinical symptoms were observed during the withdrawal. A transitory increase of heart rate of between 10 and 30 beats/min was observed in five patients after abrupt discontinuation of the drug.

ON THE HYPERTENSIVE ACTION OF TOLAZOLINE AND HYDERGINE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 941-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Benfey ◽  
D. R. Varma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Contractility ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Pressor Effect ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise ◽  
Chronotropic Effects

The effects of tolazoline and Hydergine on blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and heart rate have been studied in dogs under pentobarbitone anesthesia. Whereas in the absence of reserpine, tolazoline had a pressor effect in two of four dogs, following reserpine it had a marked pressor action in each of eight dogs. The blood pressure rise was associated with positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects. Phenoxybenzamine abolished these effects of tolazoline. Hydergine had pressor and negative chronotropic effects in the absence of reserpine. Following reserpine these effects were associated with positive inotropic actions. Phenoxybenzamine reduced these effects of Hydergine. It is concluded that the pressor action of tolazoline is wholly due to adrenergic vasoconstriction, whereas that of Hydergine is only partly an adrenergic effect.

ON THE HYPERTENSIVE ACTION OF TOLAZOLINE AND HYDERGINE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Benfey ◽  
D. R. Varma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Contractility ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Pressor Effect ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise ◽  
Chronotropic Effects

The effects of tolazoline and Hydergine on blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and heart rate have been studied in dogs under pentobarbitone anesthesia. Whereas in the absence of reserpine, tolazoline had a pressor effect in two of four dogs, following reserpine it had a marked pressor action in each of eight dogs. The blood pressure rise was associated with positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects. Phenoxybenzamine abolished these effects of tolazoline. Hydergine had pressor and negative chronotropic effects in the absence of reserpine. Following reserpine these effects were associated with positive inotropic actions. Phenoxybenzamine reduced these effects of Hydergine. It is concluded that the pressor action of tolazoline is wholly due to adrenergic vasoconstriction, whereas that of Hydergine is only partly an adrenergic effect.

Some effects of apneic underwater diving on blood gases, lactate, and pressure in man

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 938-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Robert Olsen ◽  
Darrell D. Fanestil ◽  
Per F. Scholander
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise ◽  
Arterial Blood Oxygen

Five men of outstanding diving ability performed apneic underwater dives in a specially fitted tank. The divers hyperventilated to extreme degrees of hypocapnia before submerging, and their arterial blood carbon dioxide tensions rarely rose above normal levels during a dive. Arterial blood oxygen content was 15.5 vol % or above at the end of two 3-min resting dives and of three 1.5-min exercise dives. Blood lactate concentrations increased during the latter half of exercise dives and reached peak values after surfacing. A rise in arterial blood pressure began by 10 sec in each dive and persisted, coincident with a falling heart rate, to the end of the dive. The rate of blood pressure rise was greater during a dive in water of 26 C than with breath holding by the same subject out of water. Some differences between the adaptations of diving men and of other diving mammals are briefly discussed. Submitted on April 2, 196

1059 DIETARY INFLUENCE ON SALT-SENSITIVE BLOOD PRESSURE RISE WITH INCREASED HEART RATE

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. e308
Author(s):  
Yukio Yamori ◽  
Takashi Taguchi ◽  
Hideki Mori ◽  
Mari Mori
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise

Ruta montana evokes antihypertensive activity through increase of prosta-glandins release in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Ouady Fadwa ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Vasorelaxant Effect ◽  
Vasorelaxant Activity ◽  
Ruta Montana

Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate experimentally the antihypertensive effect of Ruta Montana. Background: Ruta montana L. is traditionally used in Moroccan herbal medicine to treat hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate experimentally the hypotensive and vasoactive properties of this plant. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Ruta Montana on blood pressure parameters in LNAME-induced hypertensive rats and to determine the vasorelaxant activity of this aqueous extract. Methods: The antihypertensive effect of the aqueous extract obtained from Ruta montana aerial parts (RMAPAE) (200 mg/kg) was evaluated in normal and anesthetized hypertensive rats. Blood pressure parameters (systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) and heart rate were measured using a tail-cuff and a computer-assisted monitoring device. The acute and chronic effect of RMAPAE was recorded during 6 hours for the acute experiment and during 7 days for the sub-chronic test. In the other set, the vasorelaxant effect of RMAPAE on the contractile response was undertaken in isolated thoracic aorta. Results: The results indicated that RMAPAE extract significantly decreased SBP, MBP, DBP and heart rate in L-NAMEinduced hypertensive rats. Furthermore, RMAPAE was demonstrated to induce a dose dependent relaxation in the aorta precontracted with Epinephrine or KCl. More interestingly, this vasorelaxant activity of RMAPAE seems to be probably mediated through the prostaglandins pathway. Conclusion: The present study illustrates the beneficial action of Ruta montana on hypertension and supports then its use as an antihypertensive agent.

Age dependence of brachial cuff-based ambulatory PWV in end-stage kidney disease patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 089686082199692
Author(s):  
Vasilios Vaios ◽  
Panagiotis I Georgianos ◽  
Georgia Vareta ◽  
Dimitrios Divanis ◽  
Evangelia Dounousi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Age Dependence ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
End Stage

Background: The newly introduced device Mobil-O-Graph (IEM, Stolberg, Germany) combines brachial cuff oscillometry and pulse wave analysis, enabling the determination of pulse wave velocity (PWV) via complex mathematic algorithms during 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). However, the determinants of oscillometric PWV in the end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) population remain poorly understood. Methods: In this study, 81 ESKD patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis underwent 24-h ABPM with the Mobil-O-Graph device. The association of 24-h oscillometric PWV with several demographic, clinical and haemodynamic parameters was explored using linear regression analysis. Results: In univariate analysis, among 21 risk factors, 24-h PWV exhibited a positive relationship with age, body mass index, overhydration assessed via bioimpedance spectroscopy, diabetic status, history of dyslipidaemia and coronary heart disease, and it had a negative relationship with female sex and 24-h heart rate. In stepwise multivariate analysis, age ( β: 0.883), 24-h systolic blood pressure (BP) ( β: 0.217) and 24-h heart rate ( β: −0.083) were the only three factors that remained as independent determinants of 24-h PWV (adjusted R 2 = 0.929). These associations were not modified when all 21 risk factors were analysed conjointly or when the model included only variables shown to be significant in univariate comparisons. Conclusion: The present study shows that age together with simultaneously assessed oscillometric BP and heart rate are the major determinants of Mobil-O-Graph-derived PWV, explaining >90% of the total variation of this marker. This age dependence of oscillometric PWV limits the validity of this marker to detect the premature vascular ageing, a unique characteristic of vascular remodelling in ESKD.

Arterial blood pressure responses to graded transient arousal from sleep in normal humans

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Davies ◽  
P. J. Belt ◽  
S. J. Roberts ◽  
N. J. Ali ◽  
J. R. Stradling
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Blood Pressure Rise ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

During obstructive sleep apnea, transient arousal at the resumption of breathing is coincident with a substantial rise in blood pressure. To assess the hemodynamic effect of arousal alone, 149 transient stimuli were administered to five normal subjects. Two electroencephalograms (EEG), an electrooculogram, a submental electromyogram (EMG), and beat-to-beat blood pressure (Finapres, Ohmeda) were recorded in all subjects. Stimulus length was varied to produce a range of cortical EEG arousals that were graded as follows: 0, no increase in high-frequency EEG or EMG; 1, increased high-frequency EEG and/or EMG for < 10 s; 2, increased high-frequency EEG and/or EMG for > 10 s. Overall, compared with control values, average systolic pressure rose [nonrapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep 10.0 +/- 7.69 (SD) mmHg; rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep 6.0 +/- 6.73 mmHg] and average diastolic pressure rose (NREM sleep 6.1 +/- 4.43 mmHg; REM sleep 3.7 +/- 3.02 mmHg) over the 10 s following the stimulus (NREM sleep, P < 0.0001; REM sleep, P < 0.002). During NREM sleep, there was a trend toward larger blood pressure rises at larger grades of arousal (systolic: r = 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.02–0.40; diastolic: r = 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.31–0.62). The average blood pressure rise in response to the grade 2 arousals was approximately 75% of that during obstructive sleep apnea. Arousal stimuli that did not cause EEG arousal still produced a blood pressure rise (mean systolic rise 8.6 +/- 7.0 mmHg, P < 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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