The Autonomic Nervous Tone Abnormalities in the Genesis of the Impaired Baroreflex Responsiveness in Borderline Hypertensive Subjects

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Volpe ◽  
Bruno Trimarcoy ◽  
Bruno Ricciardelli ◽  
Carlo Vigorito ◽  
Nicola De Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Tissue Pressure ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Propranolol Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Neck Chamber

1. The effects of intravenous administration of neostigmine and propranolol, individually or in combination, on baroreflex responsiveness have been evaluated in 18 borderline hypertensive subjects and in 14 age-matched control subjects. 2. Baroreceptor sensitivity was tested by evaluating both heart rate response to phenylephrine-induced increase in arterial pressure, and heart rate and blood pressure changes induced by increasing neck-tissue pressure by means of a neck-chamber. 3. In borderline hypertensive subjects a reduced baroreflex responsiveness was demonstrated with both stimuli as compared with normal subjects. Neostigmine administration improved consistently both reflex responses. Similarly, after propranolol treatment, borderline hypertensive subjects showed a significant enhancement of the baroreflex sensitivity. Finally, the combined administration of neostigmine and propranolol restored the baroreflex responses. In fact, both the mean slopes of the regression lines between blood pressure and R-R interval after phenylephrine and the increase in mean arterial pressure and heart rate induced by the reduction in carotid transmural pressure in borderline hypertensive subjects were similar to those observed in normals. 4. These findings indicate that in borderline hypertensive subjects the impairment of baroreflex responsiveness is mainly due to abnormalities of autonomic regulation.

Heart Rate Signal Decomposition

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 200-203
Author(s):  
H. Mizuta ◽  
K. Yana
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Signal Decomposition ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Heart Rate Fluctuations ◽  
Type Pattern ◽  
Signal Cancellation ◽  
Pressure Changes

Abstract:This paper proposes a method for decomposing heart rate fluctuations into background, respiratory and blood pressure oriented fluctuations. A signal cancellation scheme using the adaptive RLS algorithm has been introduced for canceling respiration and blood pressure oriented changes in the heart rate fluctuations. The computer simulation confirmed the validity of the proposed method. Then, heart rate fluctuations, instantaneous lung volume and blood pressure changes are simultaneously recorded from eight normal subjects aged 20-24 years. It was shown that after signal decomposition, the power spectrum of the heart rate showed a consistent monotonic 1/fa type pattern. The proposed method enables a clear interpretation of heart rate spectrum removing uncertain large individual variations due to the respiration and blood pressure change.

Electrocardiographic and arterial pressure changes in female dogs subjected to epidural anesthesia with different doses of morphine

2017 ◽  
Vol XXII (130) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Mariana Werneck Fonseca ◽  
Verônica Batista de Albuquerque ◽  
Gabriel T. N. Martins Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Augusto de Araújo ◽  
Wagner Luis Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Epidural Morphine ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Different Doses

This article investigates the electrocardiographic and blood pressure changes caused by different doses of morphine administered epidurally to bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Twenty-four healthy bitches weighing 9.8 ± 4.1 kg were assigned to three experimental groups (in each group, n = 8): (i) group M0.1: 0.1 mg/kg morphine; (ii) group M0.15: 0.15 mg/kg morphine; and (iii) group M0.2: 0.2 mg/kg morphine. In all groups, levobupivacaine was added to achieve a total volume of 0.33 mL/kg. During the procedures, the following parameters were controlled: heart rate and rhythm, systolic blood pressure, rectal temperature and blood lactate. The data were analyzed by means of statistical methods of analysis of variance, such as Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher and Tukey tests. Epidural morphine did not cause significant electrocardiographic or blood pressure changes in the tested doses, which makes the use of this drug a viable alternative for epidural anesthesia.

Cluster Headache: Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Changes During Spontaneous Attacks

Cephalalgia ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Russell ◽  
Are von der Lippe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Head Pain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

The ECG findings before, during and following 81 spontaneous attacks of cluster headache in 24 patients have been recorded using a Holter cardiography system. No significant change in mean heart rate was found during attacks, when all attacks were considered as a group. Attacks which began when patients were awake differed from those which began during sleep as regards changes in mean heart rate. The mean heart rate decreased during the majority (61%) of attacks which began when patients were awake, whereas it remained unchanged or increased during the majority (67.5%) of attacks which began during sleep. The attacks which began when patients were awake also had higher absolute mean heart rate values before, during and following attacks compared to similar values for those attacks which began during sleep. Blood pressure was measured during 11 attacks and showed a significant increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The heart rate and blood pressure in six patients usually increased during induced head pain.

scholarly journals Comparison between esmolol and verapamil in attenuation of cardiovascular stress response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in elective surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Nitisha Chakraborty ◽  
Sankar Roy ◽  
Debajyoti Sur ◽  
Arunava Biswas ◽  
Dipasri Bhattacharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
The Mean

Background: Cardiovascular stress due to reflex sympathetic over activity is a great concern during laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Aims and Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of esmolol and verapamil for attenuation of hemodynamic effects (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure) due to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in elective surgical cases. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, double blinded, controlled study was conducted on 60 patients divided equally into 30 each receiving esmolol (2 mg/kg body weight) and verapamil (0.1 mg/kg body weight) respectively. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were recordedat pre-operative stage, after administration of the study drugs, immediately after intubation and at 1 ,3 ,5 minutes after intubation. Data collected were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean systolic blood pressure was lower in the esmolol group at all times of estimation compared with the verapamil group and the difference was at the time of intubation (p value <0.001).The mean diastolic blood pressure was lower in the esmolol group at all times of estimation compared to the verapamil group which was not statistically significant at any time of estimation. The mean arterial pressure was significantly lower at the time of immediately after intubation (p<0.001) in esmolol as compared to verapamil group. Adverse effects in both the study groups were insignificant. Conclusion: Esmololand Verapamil can effectively attenuate the cardiovascular stress to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with the former appears to be a better alternative from efficacy and safety perspectives.

scholarly journals Influence of acepromazine on the cardiovascular actions of dobutamine in isoflurane-anesthetized horses

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Raposo Monteiro ◽  
Juliano Ferreira Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Gustavo Cancian Baiotto ◽  
Giuliano Moraes Figueiró ◽  
Julia da Penha Piccoli Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Cardiovascular Actions ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
To Receive

The influence of acepromazine (ACP) on the effectiveness of dobutamine (DBT) in increasing blood pressure during isoflurane (ISO) anesthesia was evaluated in six horses. On separate occasions, the horses were randomly assigned to receive NaCl 0.9% (Control), ACP 0.025mg kg-1 and ACP 0.05mg kg-1. The experimental treatment was administered prior to induction of anesthesia. Maintenance of anesthesia was performed under conditions of normocapnia with ISO in oxygen. Dobutamine was administered at progressively increasing infusion rates until mean arterial pressure (MAP) reached 70mmHg or until a maximum infusion rate of 5.0µg kg-1 min-1. Compared with baseline, DBT increased heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures in all treatments. However, these variables did not differ among treatments. The target MAP (70mmHg) was not reached in 2/6, 2/5 and 0/6 horses in the Control, ACP0.025 and ACP0.05 treatments, respectively. The mean dose of DBT to achieve target MAP was 3.5±1.8, 3.7±1.6 and 2.7±1.4µg kg-1 min-1 in the Control, ACP0.025 and ACP0.05 treatments, respectively (P>0.05). Under the conditions of this study, premedication with ACP does not interfere with the effectiveness of DBT in increasing blood pressure in horses anesthetized with ISO.

The Effects of Metoprolol on Ambulatory Blood Pressure

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 375s-377s ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mann ◽  
M. W. Millar Craig ◽  
D. G. Altman ◽  
D. I. Melville ◽  
E. B. Raftery
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Circadian Patterns

1. Continuous monitoring of arterial pressure was performed via an indwelling cannula over 24 h in 12 hypertensive patients before treatment and again 2–4 months after starting metoprolol (100 mg twice daily). 2. During treatment, heart rate and systolic and diastolic pressures were significantly reduced. 3. The circadian patterns of heart rate and blood pressure changes were similar before and during therapy.

A Modified Method of Quantifying the Carotid Baroreceptor-Heart Rate Reflex in Man: The Effect of Age and Blood Pressure

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Cowie ◽  
J. M. Rawles
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Carotid Baroreceptor ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neck Chamber ◽  
Effect Of Age

1. Carotid baroreceptor-heart rate sensitivity has been measured non-invasively by a modified neck-chamber method that utilizes all cardiac intervals recorded in 6 min during 84 respiratory cycles. 2. In a replication study in 10 subjects the mean baroreflex sensitivity was 5.52 ms/mmHg and the mean (sd) difference between determinations was 0.70 (0.74) ms/mmHg. 3. Baroreflex sensitivity was measured in 48 untreated subjects of mean age 43 (range 20–71) years with blood pressures ranging from 104 to 202 mmHg (13.9 to 26.9 kPa) systolic and 52 to 120 mmHg (6.9 to 16.0 kPa) diastolic [average 142/87 mmHg (18.9/11.6 kPa)]. Both systolic and diastolic pressures correlated with age (r = 0.53, P < 0.001 and r = 0.44, P < 0.01). 4. Baroreflex sensitivity determined throughout respiration was log-normally distributed with a median value of 2.24 ms/mmHg, which declined with age (r = −0.63, P < 0.001). 5. After allowing for the effects of age, baroreflex sensitivity throughout respiration was not independently related to either systolic or diastolic blood pressure.

scholarly journals On the Pathology of the dropsy produced by obstruction of the superior and inferior venœ and the portal vein.— Preliminary communication

1907 ◽  
Vol 79 (532) ◽  
pp. 267-283 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Normal Limit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diastolic Filling ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Preliminary Communication ◽  
The Mean

In August, 1903, I published a paper in the ‘Journal of Pathology’(1) in which I demonstrated a method experimentally producing uncompensated hear disease in an animal, which was compatible with life. This method consisted in diminishing the size of the pericardial sac by stitches, so that the diastolic filling of the heart was impeded. The main symptoms of this condition were dropsy and diminution in the amount of urine excreted. As the immediate result of this interference with the action of the heart, there occurred a rise of pressure throughout the whole systemic venous system extending as far back as the capillaries, and a fall of the mean arterial blood-pressure. Further, I found that the pressure in all the veins fell to the normal limit again within the space of about one hour, and that subsequently when dropsy was being produced, the vanous pressure in all parts of the body was normal, and the arterial pressure had almost recovered itself.

scholarly journals FRI0618-HPR EFFECTS OF MUSIC THERAPY ON PAIN, ANXIETY, AND VITAL SIGNS IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES PATIENTS DURING BIOLOGICAL DRUGS INFUSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 914.2-914
Author(s):  
S. Boussaid ◽  
M. Ben Majdouba ◽  
S. Jriri ◽  
M. Abbes ◽  
S. Jammali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Biological Therapies ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
The Mean

Background:Music therapy is based on ancient cross-cultural beliefs that music can have a “healing” effect on mind and body. Research determined that listening to music can increase comfort and relaxation, relieve pain, lower distress, reduce anxiety, improve positive emotions and mood, and decrease psychological symptoms. Music therapy has been used greatly in various medical procedures to reduce associated anxiety and pain. Patients have a high level of anxiety when they are in the hospital, this is the case of patients with rheumatic diseases who consult regularly to have intravenous infusion of biological therapies.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of music therapy on pain, anxiety, and vital signs among patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases during intravenous infusion of biological drugs.Methods:Fifty patients were divided into two groups: The experimental group G1 (n=25) received drug infusion while lestening to soft music (30 minutes); and the control group G2 (n=25) received only drug infusion. Measures include pain, anxiety, vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate). The pain was measured using visual analogic scale (VAS). The state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was used for measuring anxiety, low anxiety ranges from 20 to 39, the moderate anxiety ranges from 40 to 59, and high anxiety ranges from 60 to 80. Vital signs (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], heart rate [HR], and respiratory rate [RR]) were measured before, during and immediately after the infusion.Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used for analysis.Results:The mean age in G1 was 44.45 years (26-72) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.8. Including the 25 patients, 12 had rheumatoid arthritis, 10 had ankylosing spondylitis and 3 had psoriatic arthritis. The mean disease duration was 8 years. In G2, the mean age was 46 years (25-70) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.75, 12 had rheumatoid arthritis, 11 had ankylosing spondylitis and 2 had psoriatic arthritis. The mean disease duration was 7.5 years. The biological drugs used were: Infliximab in 30 cases, Tocilizumab in 12 cases and Rituximab in 8 cases.Before the infusion, the patients of experimental group had a mean VAS of 5/10±3, a mean STAI of 50.62±6.01, a mean SBP of 13.6 cmHg±1.4, a mean DBP of 8.6 cmHg±1, a mean HR of 85±10 and a mean RR of 18±3. While in control group the mean VAS was 5.5±2, the mean STAI was 50.89±5.5, the mean SBP was 13.4±1.2, the mean DBP was 8.8±1.1, the mean HR was 82±8 and the mean RR was 19±2.During the infusion and after music intervention in G1, the mean STAI became 38.35±5 in G1 versus 46.7±5.2 in G2 (p value=0.022), the mean SBP became 12.1±0.5 in G1 versus 13±1 in G2 (p=0.035), the mean DBP became 8.1±0.8 in G1 versus 8.4±0.9 in G2 (p=0.4), the mean HR became 76±9 in G1 versus 78±7 in G2 (p=0.04) and the mean RR became 17.3±2.1 in G1 versus 18.2±1.7 in G2 (p=0.39).This study found a statistically significant decrease in anxiety, systolic blood pressure and heart rate in patients receiving music interventions during biological therapies infusion, but no significant difference were identified in diastolic blood pressure and respiratory rate.Conclusion:The findings provide further evidence to support the use of music therapy to reduce anxiety, and lower systolic blood pressure and heart rate in patients with rheumatic disease during biological therapies infusion.References:[1] Lin, C., Hwang, S., Jiang, P., & Hsiung, N. (2019).Effect of Music Therapy on Pain After Orthopedic Surgery -A Systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Practice.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Hypotensive and Regional Haemodynamic Effects of Exercise, Fasted and after Food, in Human Sympathetic Denervation

1998 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmini Puvi-Rajasingham ◽  
Gareth D. P. Smith ◽  
Adeola Akinola ◽  
Christopher J. Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Autonomic Failure ◽  
Sympathetic Denervation ◽  
Stroke Distance

1. In human sympathetic denervation due to primary autonomic failure, food and exercise in combination may produce a cumulative blood pressure lowering effect due to simultaneous splanchnic and skeletal muscle dilatation unopposed by corrective cardiovascular reflexes. We studied 12 patients with autonomic failure during and after 9 min of supine exercise, when fasted and after a liquid meal. Standing blood pressure was also measured before and after exercise. 2. When fasted, blood pressure fell during exercise from 162 ± 7/92 ± 4 to 129 ± 9/70 ± 5 mmHg (mean arterial pressure by 22 ± 5%), P < 0.0005. After the meal, blood pressure fell from 159 ± 8/88 ± 6 to 129 ± 6/70 ± 4 mmHg (mean arterial pressure by 22 ± 3%), P < 0.0001, and further during exercise to 123 ± 6/61 ± 3 mmHg (mean arterial pressure by 9 ± 3%), P < 0.01. The stroke distance—heart rate product, an index of cardiac output, did not change after the meal. During exercise, changes in the stroke distance—heart rate product were greater when fasted. 3. Resting forearm and calf vascular resistance were higher when fasted. Calf vascular resistance fell further after exercise when fasted. Resting superior mesenteric artery vascular resistance was lower when fed; 0.19 ± 0.02 compared with 032 ± 0.06, P < 0.05. After exercise, superior mesenteric artery vascular resistance had risen by 82%, to 0.53 ± 0.12, P < 0.05 (fasted) and by 47%, to 0.29 ± 0.05, P < 0.05 (fed). 4. On standing, absolute levels of blood pressure were higher when fasted [83 ± 7/52 ± 7 compared with 71 ± 2/41 ± 3 (fed), each P < 0.05]. Subjects were more symptomatic on standing post-exercise when fed. 5. In human sympathetic denervation, exercise in the fed state lowered blood pressure further than when fasted and worsened symptoms of postural hypotension.

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