Change in Macro Molecular Composition of Interstitial Fluid from Swollen Arms after Breast Cancer Treatment, and Its Implications

1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Bates ◽  
J. R. Levick ◽  
P. S. Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Arm Swelling ◽  
Oedema Fluid ◽  
Serum Protein Concentration

1. The pathophysiology of chronic arm oedema after treatment of breast cancer was investigated by collecting serum and subcutaneous interstitial fluid from the affected and contralateral arms by the wick method (both arms) and by aspiration (oedematous arm). The fluids were analysed for total protein, albumin, glycosaminoglycan and viscosity, and arm volume was measured. 2. Total protein concentration in the aspirated oedema fluid was 32.4 + 7.5 g/l (mean + SD throughout; n = 39). Protein concentration in wick fluid from the oedematous arm (35.8 + 7.3 g/l, n = 14) was not significantly different from that in aspirated fluid. The oedema protein concentrations were significantly lower than in wick fluid from the non-swollen arm (41.4 + 6.7 cmH2O, n = 13, P <0.01, analysis of variance). This was surprising in view of the common assumption that, the condition being of lymphatic origin, the oedema protein concentration should be raised. 3. The ratio of aspirate protein concentration to serum protein concentration showed a weak but highly significant negative correlation with the percentage increase in arm volume (r = −0.47, n = 35, P <0.005), again in contrast to conventional expectation. The demonstration of a reduced protein concentration in the swollen arm did not therefore depend solely on a comparison with the wick control results. The volume increased by on average 33% and the ratio of aspirate protein concentration to serum protein concentration averaged 0.52 + 0.11 on the swollen side and 0.64 + 0.13 on the unaffected side. 4. Serum protein concentration in the patients with arm swelling (61.2 + 4.9 g/l) was significantly lower than that in postmastectomy patients without this complication (65.0 + 6.2 g/l). Most of the decrease occurred in the albumin fraction (oedema patients, 383 + 5.1 g/l; control patients, 42.0 + 2.1 g/l). In oedema patients receiving the anti-oestrogen tamoxifen serum albumin concentration was on average 23 g/l lower than in oedema patients not under medication (P <0.05, t-test). 5. Glycosaminoglycan concentration in oedema fluid was 0.8 +0.14 g/l (n = 21) and 75% was sulphated. Along with the plasma protein this raised the relative viscosity of the fluid to 1.34 + 0.16 (n = 11). 6. The reduction in interstitial protein concentration in the swollen arm, contrary to expectation in lymph-oedema, could be explained in several ways. One possible hypothesis in light of reported haemodynamic abnormalities in such arms is that capillary pressure rises, increasing capillary filtration rate. We conclude that the pathophysiology of postmastectomy oedema involves additional factors besides axillary node trauma, and we suggest that input (filtration) as well as output (lymph flow) requires evaluation.

Serum glycoproteins in growing pups

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otakar V. Sirek ◽  
Anna Sirek
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albumin Fraction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Serum Protein Concentration

Total protein-bound hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid were determined in sera of six littermate mongrel pups at monthly intervals from the 4th day after birth up to the age of 7 months. The concentration of the individual constituents fluctuated considerably from month to month, but the values showed neither a definite trend nor a relationship to weight gain. When the carbohydrate moiety was expressed as percentage of total serum protein concentration, the values were high in newborn pups and diminished after the 1st month of life. This was due to a rise in the concentration of total serum protein, brought about by an increase of the albumin fraction which is low in carbohydrate.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FASTING ON THE SERUM PROTEIN CONCENTRATION OF THE RAT

1935 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold C. Torbert
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Individual Resistance ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Albumin Fraction ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Initial Drop ◽  
Serum Protein Concentration

1. Experiments were carried out to test the hypothesis that there exists a special circulating fraction of plasma protein available for use by the tissues. 2. The changes in serum protein concentration after varying periods of fasting were followed in large numbers of individual rats. 3. Previous reports from this laboratory of a small initial drop in the total protein concentration of the serum, with subsequent maintenance of the serum protein at the new level are confirmed. 4. Evidence is offered that this initial fall involves chiefly or solely the albumin fraction. 5. The mechanism responsible for the observed initial drop and subsequent maintenance of the protein is not exactly known, but two definite factors are age and individual resistance. 6. It is concluded that no satisfactory evidence is available to support the hypothesis of a directly utilizable protein fraction in the blood.

scholarly journals Passive Transfer of Immunity and Serum Proteinogram during the First 35 Days of Age in Nelore Calves Conceived Naturally or Through In Vitro Fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Júlio Augusto Naylor Lisbôa ◽  
Tiago Torrecillas Sturion ◽  
Mayara Cardoso dos Anjos ◽  
Karina Keller Marques da Costa Flaiban
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Serum Activity ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Background: Some reports indicate that calves produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) may have excessive birth weights, increasing the rates of dystocia. Prolonged labor can cause the birth of lethargic calves that slowly ingest colostrum; this may compromise the intestinal absorption of immunoglobulins. Although the number of beef calves produced by IVF is high in Brazil, there have been few physiological studies examining the neonatal period in such cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the passive transfer of immunity, and characterize the variation in serum protein concentrations, in Nelore calves up to 35 days of age, comparing naturally conceived calves with those conceived by IVF.Materials, Methods & Results: Forty healthy newborn Nelore calves were randomly selected and allocated into two groups (n = 20) according to their method of conception (natural versus IVF), and each group was composed of ten males and ten females. All calves were born and raised on the same farm, and kept with their mothers on extensive management condition. Blood samples were collected between 24 and 36 h after birth, and at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days of age. Total protein (TP) concentration in serum was measured by the biuret method, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) serum activity was measured by the kinetic method. Concentrations of serum albumin, as well as alpha 1-, alpha 2-, beta, and gamma globulins were measured by agarose gel electrophoresis. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration was estimated by the zinc sulfate turbidity test. The effects of sex, age, and conception method, on aforementioned serum parameters, were tested by repeated measures ANOVA. Sex of calves did not affect the studied variables (P > 0.05) and there was no interaction between the age and the conception method (P > 0.05). Naturally conceived calves presented higher TP and IgG concentrations (P < 0.05), and lower concentrations of alpha 1- and alpha 2-globulins (P < 0.05), than that of those conceived by IVF. Age exerted greater influence on the serum parameters in the two groups. Serum concentrations of TP (P < 0.05), beta globulin (P < 0.05), gamma globulin (P < 0.001), IgG (P < 0.01), and globulins (P < 0.001), as well as serum activity of GGT (P < 0.0001) were high at 24 to 36 h after birth, and decreased with age. Albumin concentration, however, increased (P < 0.01) in the first weeks of life. The variation in alfa 2-globulin concentration was discrete (P < 0.05), and the serum concentration of alfa 1-globulin did not change (P > 0.05) with age. These patterns of variation related to age were observed in both groups with no apparent distinctions. Based on values obtained at 24 to 36 h after birth, it can be asserted that the passive transfer of immunity was successful in both groups, despite the differences in total protein and IgG concentrations.Discussion: The age-related variations in serum proteinogram components over the first 35 days of age may be considered physiological; and were consistent with previous studies in healthy Nelore calves. These were characterized by gradual decreases in TP, gamma globulins, IgG, and globulin concentrations, as well as GGT activity, and by increase in albumin concentration. The results do not corroborate the suspicion that calves conceived by IVF are more prone to failure of passive transfer. It can be concluded that Nelore newborn calves conceived through IVF, having standard weight at birth, do not have physiological differences related to serum protein concentrations when compared to calves conceived by natural methods.

Effect of protein concentration on the determination of digoxin in serum by fluorescence polarization immunoassay.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1826-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
W H Porter ◽  
V M Haver ◽  
B A Bush
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Protein Pellet

Abstract Determination of digoxin by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) with the Abbott "TDx" is significantly influenced by the concentration of total serum protein. Each 10 g/L increase in serum protein results in an 8% decrease in measured digoxin. Studies with [3H]digoxin confirmed that digoxin binds to the protein pellet during the trichloroacetic acid precipitation step before the immunoassay. Serum protein, or equal concentrations of albumin or gamma-globulin, exert an equivalent effect on the apparent digoxin value. Because the total protein concentration of the assay calibrators is low (50 g/L) compared with its reference interval in serum (60-80 g/L), results by FPIA may be expected to be low by an average of 16% (range, 8-24%). Digoxin results by FPIA will be most nearly accurate when the calibrators include a total protein concentration of about 70 g/L. Patients' specimens with abnormally high or low protein content will give falsely high or low results for digoxin.

Some immunological studies on a new vaccine derived frombacteriophage lysate of Pasteurella multocida in mice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Mohan Saxena ◽  
Yanglem Pushpa ◽  
Sabia Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Phage Lysate ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Serum Protein Concentration

The study was undertaken to evaluate the humoral immune response in mice induced by a novel phage lysate vaccine against Hemorrhagic Septicemia developed from Pasteurella multocida grown under iron-restricted conditions and lysed by a bacteriophage. Two groups of mice were immunized with lysate vaccine (LV) and conventional killed HS vaccine (CV) and blood was collected at various days post – immunization (DPI). The serum protein concentration in lysate vaccinated mice (4.675±0.223) was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than the conventional vaccinated mice (4.100±0.282) at 150 DPI. The serum globulin levels at 90 DPI and 180 DPI in LV mice (1.330±0.071 and 0.650±0.100) were significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than the CV mice (0.850±0.084 and 0.366±0.098). The serum IgG levels at 150 DPI and 180 DPI in LV (0.564±0.188 and 0.485±0121) mice were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than the CV mice (0.178±0.039 and 0.121±0.026). Although our results in mice are promising, further studies involving bovines are needed.

SERUM PROTEIN CONCENTRATION AND SOMATIC INDEX IN RELATION TO MORPHOMETRIC MATURITY FOR MALE SNOW CRAB, CHIONOECETES OPILIO (O. FABRICIUS, 1788), IN THE BAIE DES CHALEURS, CANADA (DECAPODA, BRACHYURA)

Crustaceana ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Comeau ◽  
Marc Lanteigne ◽  
Roland Cormier
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Snow Crab ◽  
Juvenile Male ◽  
Chionoecetes Opilio ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Snow Crabs ◽  
Somatic Index ◽  
Serum Protein Concentration

AbstractThe serum protein concentrations of juvenile and mature male snow crabs, Chionoecetes opilio, were measured using a refractometer. The somatic indices of juvenile and mature male snow crab were calculated using the weight of the dry flesh of the chelae versus its wet weight. Results indicate that juvenile male snow crab have significantly higher serum protein concentrations and significantly lower somatic indices than their mature counterparts. These observations are attributed to basic physiological differences that could be explained by a terminal moult. Les concentrations en proteines seriques de males juveniles et a maturite du crabe des neiges Chionoecetes opilio ont ete mesurees au moyen d'un refractometre. Les indices somatiques de ces individus ont ete calcules en utilisant le rapport entre le poids sec et le poids humide de la chair. Les resultats indiquent que les individus males juveniles ont des concentrations en proteines seriques significativement plus elevees et des indices somatiques significativement plus bas que les individus males matures. Ces observations sont attribuees a des differences physiologiques de base qui peuvent etre expliquees par une mue terminale.

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