Comparative proteomic study of pig muscle proteins during growth and development of an animal

The production of high-quality pork is closely related to the growth and development of muscle tissue. The present article provides a comparative proteomic research of l. dorsi, b. femoris, m. brachiocephalicus during the pigs’ growth and development (at age of 60 days and 180 days). This work was supported by data of electrophoretic methods: one-dimensional electrophoresis according to Laemmli with densitometric assessment in the ImageJ software and two-dimensional electrophoresis according to O’Farrell method with its further processing on the software ImageMaster. The mass spectrometric identification was conducted with the help of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system connected to a mass spectrometer; further the data were interpreted by search algorithm Andromeda. When comparing frequency diagrams of one-dimensional electrophoregrams of all three muscle tissues of weaned pigs, the greatest difference was observed for the muscle sample l. dorsi. Comparison of diagrams of muscle tissue samples taken for mature pigs showed a great similarity of all three studied muscles samples. Within the framework of the research, the Fold indicator was calculated. The exceeding its value by more than 2 units is generally considered to be a statistically significant difference. When analyzing two-dimensional electrophoretograms of weaned pigs’ muscles, 18 protein fractions were revealed with Fold > 2. When examining the muscle tissue of mature pigs, 15 of those proteins were found; the differences were mostly detected in the minor protein fractions. The mass spectrometric analysis of the cut bands with well-pronounced differences from the onedimensional electrophoretogram revealed 214 proteins involved to a greater extent in cellular and metabolic processes, physical activity and localization. Growth and development protein — semaphorin‑6B (96.78 kDa) — was revealed in muscle tissue of l. dorsi, a. Also in l. dorsi and b. femoris the growth and development proteins were found: cadherin‑13 (78.23 kDa), cadherin‑7 (87.01 kDa), the F‑actin-cap protein beta subunit (30.66 kDa), and two uncharacterized proteins at 65.60 kDa and 63.88 kDa.

HYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE CHICKEN BODY UNDER EXPOSURE TO STRESS FACTORS AND USE OF NEW COMPOUNDS OF MACROLIDES

Modern animal husbandry, including poultry farming, is characterized by the presence of numerous stress factors. The studies carried out have established that under their influence there is a decrease in the content of erythrocytes, as well as in them hemoglobin, a decrease in the content of total protein and calcium. Analyzing the data obtained, it can be concluded that under the influence of new macrolido compounds in the blood of chickens, the content of total protein increased in the structure of protein fractions of albumin and alpha globulins. With regard to other biochemical indicators - a decrease in the content of uric acid and creatinine. In the study of the catalytic activity of enzymes, a decrease in that of AcAt, AlAt and a tendency to an increase in alkaline phosphatase and amylase were found. When conducting a high-quality coagulation test by Veltman, a decrease in the disturbance of the structure of the protein fractions of blood serum was determined.

Genome-wide association study and genomic heritabilities for blood protein levels in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep

Serum protein levels are related to physiological and pathological status of animals and could be affected by both genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to evaluate genetic variation of serum protein profile in sheep. Blood samples were randomly collected from 96 Lori-Bakhtiari ewes, a heavy meat-type breed. Total protein, albumin, globulin, α1, α2, β and γ globulins and IgG levels were measured in blood serum. The samples were genotyped using the Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip. The studied traits adjusted for age, birth type, birth season and estimate of breeding value for body weight were considered as pseudo-phenotypes in genome-wide association analysis. In the GWAS model, the first five principal components were fitted as covariates to correct the biases due to possible population stratification. The Plink, R and GCTA software were used for genome-wide association analysis, construction of Q-Q and Manhattan plots and estimation of genetic variances, respectively. Noticeable genomic heritabilities ± SE were estimated for total and γ globulins (0.868 ± 0.262 and 0.831 ± 0.364, respectively), but other protein fractions had zero or close to zero estimates. Based on the Bonferroni adjusted p values, four QTLs located on 181.7 Mbp of OAR3, 107.7 Mbp of OAR4, 86.3 Mbp of OAR7 and 83.0 Mbp of OAR8 were significantly associated with α1, β, β and γ globulins, respectively. The results showed that the PKP2, IGF2R, SLC22A1 and SLC22A2 genes could be considered as candidate genes for blood serum proteins. The present study showed significant genetic variations of some blood protein fractions.

Changes in the Serum Protein Fractions in Goats after Treatment of Natural Gastrointestinal Parasite Infections

Gastrointestinal parasitic infections in small ruminants belong to major health problems. The regulation of gastrointestinal infections in goats and the responses developed against them appear to be different from those observed in sheep. In the literature, there is a lack of data on the effect of gastrointestinal parasitic infections on the serum protein profile in goats. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in goats naturally infected with gastrointestinal parasites and to compare the changes in the total serum proteins and serum protein fractions (albumin and α1-, α2-, β-, and γ-globulins) obtained after antihelminthic treatment. Eight adult female goats of the white shorthaired breed from a small dairy goat farm at the age ranging between 3 and 5 years with average body weight 35.4 ± 3.2 kg and body condition score (BCS) from 1.5 to 2.5 were used in the study. The serum proteins in goats were separated into five fractions: albumin, α1- and α2-globulins, and β- and γ-globulins. Significant changes after treatment were found in the relative concentrations of albumin ( P < 0.01 ) and α2- ( P < 0.05 ), β- ( P < 0.001 ), and γ-globulins ( P < 0.01 ), as well as albumin/globulin ratio ( P < 0.01 ). The mean concentration of total serum proteins was, after the antiparasitic treatment, significantly higher. Among the globulin fractions, the γ-globulin fraction contributed most significantly to these changes ( P < 0.001 ). The results presented in the study suggest a significant effect of antiparasitic treatment in goats on the synthesis of blood serum proteins and on the changes of the proportion of serum protein fractions.

Study of changes in biochemical indices in workers employed in underground mining of chrome ore

Introduction. Underground mining of chrome ores is characterized by constant exposure to chemical factors on production workers, leading to changes in critical organs and systems. The aim of the work was to study changes in some biochemical parameters in workers engaged in underground mining of chrome ores. Materials and methods included assessing the chromium content in the air of the working area and biological media of workers, the study of many biochemical parameters and protein fractions of blood serum, modelling of cause-and-effect relationships. Results. The workers of the observation group compared to the comparison group showed a significant (up to 1.5 times) increase in the level of chromium in the blood and urine, an increase in the level of IgE specific to chromium - up to 1.6 times, the activity of ALAT and γ-HT in the blood serum - up to 1.3 times, the level β2-microglobulins in serum and urine - up to 1.6 times, serum creatinine levels, slowing of GFR, increased serum AOA, β-globulins and γ-globulins levels. Conclusion. The constant presence of chromium compounds in the air of the working area of mineworkers leads to an elevated concentration of chromium in the blood and its excretion in the urine. The workers of the studied production showed an increase in the level of many laboratory indicators of adverse effects on the liver and kidneys, the immune and antioxidant systems. Changes in the protein fractions of blood serum were revealed in workers at the mine mining chromium ores.

The clinical significance of the determination of sialic acid and protein fractions in chronic nonspecific lung diseases

In the domestic and foreign literature available to us, we did not find data on the content and dynamics of sialic acid in chronic nonspecific lung diseases. In this regard, we decided to conduct observations and compare the results obtained with the clinical picture and such indicators of the inflammatory process as ROE and the number of leukocytes, as well as with protein fractions, which were determined by electrophoresis on paper.

Diagnostic value of the determination of protein fractions and sialic acid in the disease "no pulse"

The essence of the disease "lack of pulse" is the progressive panarteritis of large vessels with their inflammatory infiltration, gradual hardening and desolation. This disease belongs to the group of collagen, with which it has in common in pathogenesis, recurrent chronic course, predominant lesion of young people.

Plasma electrophoresis profiles of Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) and influences of month, age, sex, health status, and location

Baseline plasma electrophoresis profiles (EPH) are important components of overall health and may aid in the conservation and captive management of species. The aim of this study was to establish plasma protein fractions for free-ranging Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) and evaluate differences due to age class (adult vs. sub-adult vs. juvenile), sex (male, female, or unknown), year (2018 vs. 2019), month (May vs. June vs. July), health status, and geographical location (managed vs. unmanaged sites). Blood samples were obtained from 156 Blanding’s turtles in the summer of 2018 and 129 in 2019 at two adjacent sites in Illinois. Results of the multivariate analysis demonstrated that age class, sex, year, month, health status, and geographical location all contributed to the variation observed in free-ranging populations. Adult females had the highest concentration of many protein fractions, likely associated with reproductive activity. Juveniles had lower protein concentrations. Temperature and rainfall differences between years impacted concentrations between 2018 and 2019, while May and June of both years saw higher levels in some protein fractions likely due to peak breeding and nesting season. Individuals with evidence of trauma or disease also showed increased plasma protein fractions when compared to those that were considered healthy. The two sites showed a wide/large variation over the two years. All of these factors emphasize the importance of considering multiple demographic or environmental factors when interpreting the EPH fractions. Establishing ranges for these analytes will allow investigation into disease prevalence and other environmental factors impacting this endangered species.