PSXIII-18 The effect of lead on alkaline phosphatase serum activity in European carp

The aim of this research is to assess the toxic influence of heavy metals in fish. This study was intended to analyze alkaline phosphatase (AP) serum activity under the influence of various lead concentrations in European carp. AP is involved in the dephosphorylation processes and is an important indicator of liver and skeleton tissue metabolism. When exposed to heavy metals, a change in the activity of this enzyme can be observed. In this experiment 3 groups of fish (European carp) were formed, 10 fish in each group: control group; 1-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.06 mg/l lead acetate concentration (upper threshold level than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation); 2-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.6 mg/l lead acetate concentration (10 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation). Exposure time was 4 hours. The blood samplings were taken from heart by syringe and placed in dry test tubes. After samplings centrifugation in non-hemolysed serum samples AP activity was assessed. The study revealed the decreasing trend of AP serum activity by 1.08% (21.89±0.24 IU/l) in 1-experimental group in compare with control group (22.13±0.78 IU/l). In case where the lead acetate concentration were 10 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit were meaningful decreasing of AP activity (P ≤ 0.05) by 66.23% (17.42±0.63 IU/l) accordingly in 2-experimental group in compare with control group. In conclusion, a statistically significant decrease in the AP activity in fish blood serum was found after acetate concentration 10 times higher than the permissible exposure limit in fishery waters, according to the laws of the Russian Federation. We can suppose that the activity of this enzyme is the reason for the inhibitory effect of lead on liver tissue.

Genetic analysis in European ancestry individuals identifies 517 loci associated with liver enzymes

Serum concentration of hepatic enzymes are linked to liver dysfunction, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We perform genetic analysis on serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) using data on 437,438 UK Biobank participants. Replication in 315,572 individuals from European descent from the Million Veteran Program, Rotterdam Study and Lifeline study confirms 517 liver enzyme SNPs. Genetic risk score analysis using the identified SNPs is strongly associated with serum activity of liver enzymes in two independent European descent studies (The Airwave Health Monitoring study and the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966). Gene-set enrichment analysis using the identified SNPs highlights involvement in liver development and function, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and vascular formation. Mendelian randomization analysis shows association of liver enzyme variants with coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. Genetic risk score for elevated serum activity of liver enzymes is associated with higher fat percentage of body, trunk, and liver and body mass index. Our study highlights the role of molecular pathways regulated by the liver in metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease.

Influence of mandibular fracture on the dynamics of cytolytic and hepatodepressive syndromes among wounded people with massive external bleeding and usage of a tourniquet

Introduction. Injuries in today's urban society are an urgent problem. In modern trauma, along with the lesion of various anatomical parts of the body increases the frequency of damages of the extremities main vessels with the development of massive external bleeding. Under these conditions, the only way to escape is to apply a tourniquet lasting up to two hours. At the same time in the structure of militant trauma and injuries in peacetime there is a tendency to increase the frequency of injuries of the maxillofacial area. The main cause of the injured people death is the development of systemic disorders with secondary lesions of tissues and organs remote from the site of direct injury. However, the role of mandible fracture in the development of systemic disorders in the case of acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb is insufficiently studied.Purpose: to establish peculiarities of the liver dysfunction indicators among wounded people under conditions of mandible fracture, gunshot damage of the lower extremity soft tissues with massive external bleeding.Materials and methods. Extracts from the electronic database of Medical Cards of inpatients military personnel who were treated at the National Military Medical Clinical Center "General Military Clinical Hospital" and were injured during the anti-terrorist operation / joint force operation from 2014 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them the results of examinations and treatment of 10 wounded patients were selected, they had isolated gunshot wounds of soft tissues of the thigh with massive external blood loss and 8 wounded patients with similar gunshot wounds, and they had additional non-gunshot fractures of the mandible. All the wounded people were immediately provided with hemostatic tourniquet proximal on the injured hip.Shock index, indicators of cytolytic syndrome (activity of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT, AST), the content of total and conjugated serum bilirubin) and hepatodepressive syndrome (serum total protein and albumin) were taken into account from the medical records. Indicators were recorded at the time of admission to the hospital, after 6-7 days and at the time of discharge from the hospital. Additionally, the duration of patients staying in the hospital in each of the examination groups was analyzed.Research results and their discussion. At the time of admission to the hospital wounded patients of both observation groups had a significant increase of the shock index, serum activity of ALT and AST, the content of total and direct bilirubin. During treatment of the wounded patients with additional mandible fractures up to 6-7 days, serum activity of ALT, AST and direct serum bilirubin was significantly higher, and total serum protein content was lower compared to wounded patients without mandible fracture.Conclusion. Additional mandible fracture among wounded people with gunshot damage of the thigh, massive blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb significantly impairs the functional state of the liver with a maximum of 6-7 days in hospital and is an important factor in systemic manifestations of traumatic disease, which should be considered in clinical conditions.

PSXI-12 Effect of copper on aminotransferases serum activity in European carp

The aim of this study is to assess toxic influence of heavy metals in fish. This research was intended to analyze aminotransferases (ALT, AST) serum activity under the influence of various copper concentrations in European carp. Intracellular enzymes activity level elevation in serum is a sign of hepatocites toxic destruction and an indicator of profound cell alterations. In this experiment 3 groups of fish (European carp) were formed, 10 fish in each group: control group; 1-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.01 mg/l copper acetate concentration (10 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation); 2-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.1 mg/l copper acetate concentration (100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation). Exposure time was 4 hours. The blood samplings were taken from heart by syringe and placed in dry test tubes. After samplings centrifugation in non-hemolysed serum samples ALT and AST activities were assessed. The study revealed that there was meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.01) by 19.77% (25.68 ± 0,59 IU/l) and 16.84% (264.85 ± 7.6 IU/l) accordingly in 1-experimental group in comparison with control group (21.44 ± 0.72 IU/l и 226.68 ± 4.35 IU/l). In cases where the copper acetate concentration was 100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit there was meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.01) by 81,62 % (38.94 ± 0.83 IU/l) and 71.81% (389.46 ± 18.7 IU/l) accordingly in 2-experimental group in comparison with control group. After analyzing the received data, there were established meaningful aminotransferases serum activity elevation under the influence of various copper concentrations in European carp. This was possibly due to gluconeogenesis activation in order to support an adequate glucose level in conditions of catabolic process dominance during copper poisoning.