Short-term blood pressure variability in renovascular hypertension and in severe and mild essential hypertension

2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna MUSSALO ◽  
Esko VANNINEN ◽  
Risto IKÄHEIMO ◽  
Tomi LAITINEN ◽  
Juha HARTIKAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Frequency Power ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Frequency Power

This study was designed to examine short-term blood pressure variability (BPV) in patients with different severity and forms of chronic medically treated hypertension. Power spectral analysis of BPV was performed from continuous finger blood pressure (Finapres) recordings. Ten patients with renovascular hypertension (RVHT), 34 with severe essential hypertension (SEHT) and 29 with mild essential hypertension (MEHT) as well as healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects were studied. The RVHT group was characterized by reduced low frequency (LF) power of both systolic and diastolic BPV (P=0.004 and P=0.003 respectively) when compared with the control group. There was also a tendency to lower total power of diastolic BPV (P=0.094). On the contrary, the SEHT group had increased total power of diastolic BPV (P=0.044). However, in the SEHT group, we found no differences in the LF and high frequency power of systolic and diastolic BPV when compared with controls. The MEHT group presented with lower LF power of systolic and diastolic BPV (P=0.028 and P=0.003 respectively) and, in addition, high frequency power of diastolic BPV was lower than in the control group (P=0.020). When the hypertensive groups were compared with each other, total power and LF power of diastolic BPV (P=0.043 and P=0.039 respectively) were lower in the RVHT group than in the SEHT group. In addition, total power of diastolic BPV was lower (P=0.030) in the MEHT group than in the SEHT group. No differences were observed in BPV between the RVHT and MEHT groups. The results show that BPV in hypertensive patients groups behaved differently. This suggests that both the aetiology and severity of hypertension have a significant influence on short-term BPV measured in laboratory conditions and that different control mechanisms are operating in these clinically distinctly different hypertension groups.

scholarly journals Blood Pressure Variability and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Premature Newborns—An Effect of Postconceptional and Gestational Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Javorka ◽  
Katarina Haskova ◽  
Barbora Czippelova ◽  
Mirko Zibolen ◽  
Michal Javorka
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Frequency Power

Introduction: Cardiovascular system is the vitally important system in the dynamical adaptation process of the newborns to the extrauterine environment. To reliably detect immaturity in the given organ system, it is crucial to study the development of the organ functions in relation to maturation process.Objectives: The objective was to determine the changes in the spontaneous short-term blood pressure variability (BPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) reflecting various aspects of cardiovascular control during the process of maturation in preterm babies and to separate effects of gestational age and postnatal age.Methods: Thirty-three prematurely born infants without any signs of cardio-respiratory disorders (gestational age: 31.8, range: 27–36 weeks; birth weight: 1,704, range: 820–2,730 grams) were enrolled. Continuous peripheral blood pressure signal was obtained by non-invasive volume-clamp photoplethysmography method during supine rest. The recordings of 250 continuous beat-to-beat blood pressure values were processed by spectral analysis of BPV (assessed measures: total power, low frequency and high frequency powers of systolic BPV) and BRS calculation. For each infant we also assessed systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures, heart rate and respiratory rate.Results: With the postconceptional age, BPV measures decreased (for total power: Spearman correlation coefficient rs = −0.345, P = 0.049; for low frequency power: rs = −0.365, P = 0.037; for high frequency power rs = −0.349; P = 0.046); and BRS increased significantly (rs = 0.448, P = 0.009). The further analysis demonstrated that these effects were more attributable to gestational age than to postnatal age. BRS correlated negatively with BPV magnitude (rs = −0.479 to −0.592, P = 0.001–0.005). Mean blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increased during maturation (rs = 0.517 and 0.537, P = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively) while heart rate and respiratory rate decreased (rs = −0.366 and −0.516, P = 0.036 and 0.002, respectively).Conclusion: We conclude that maturation process is accompanied by an increased involvement of baroreflex buffering of spontaneous short-term blood pressure oscillations. Gestational age plays a dominant role not only in BPV changes but also in BRS, mean blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate changes.

Cardioautonomic control in healthy singleton and twin pregnancies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Meah ◽  
Miranda L. Kimber ◽  
Rshmi Khurana ◽  
Rachelle Howse ◽  
Lisa K. Hornberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Total Power ◽  
High Frequency Power ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Frequency Power ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

In conjunction with significant cardiovascular adaptation, changes in cardioautonomic balance, specifically greater sympathetic activation and vagal withdrawal, are considered normal adaptations to healthy singleton pregnancy. Cardiovascular adaptation to twin pregnancy is more profound than that of singleton pregnancies; however, the changes in cardioautonomic control during multifetal gestation are unknown. To address this gap, beat-by-beat blood pressure (photoplethysmography) and heart rate (lead II electrocardiogram) were measured continuously in 25 twin pregnancies and 25 singleton pregnancies (matched for age, pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational age) during 10-minutes of rest. Data extracted from a 3- to 5-minute period was used to analyze heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV), cardiovagal baroreflex gain and cardiac intervals as indicators of cardioautonomic control. Independent t-tests were used to determine statistical differences between groups (α=0.05) and the false rate discovery was determined to adjust for multiple comparisons. Resting heart rate was greater in twin compared to singleton pregnancies (91±10 vs. 81±10 bpm; P=0.001), but blood pressure was not different. Individuals with twin pregnancies had lower HRV, evidenced by lower standard deviation of R-R intervals (32±11 vs. 47±18 ms; P=0.001), total power (1035±810 vs. 1945±1570 ms2; P=0.004) and high frequency power (224±262 vs. 810±806 ms2; P<0.001) compared to singleton pregnancies. There were no differences in cardiac intervals, BPV and cardiovagal baroreflex gain between groups. Our findings suggest that individuals with twin pregnancies have greater sympathetic and lower parasympathetic contributions to heart rate and that cardiac, but not vascular, autonomic control is impacted during twin compared to singleton pregnancy.

scholarly journals Effect of short-term exposure to particulate air pollution on heart rate variability in normal-weight and obese adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyi Li ◽  
Dayu Hu ◽  
Wenlou Zhang ◽  
Liyan Cui ◽  
Xu Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
High Frequency Power ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Frequency Power

Abstract Background The adverse effects of particulate air pollution on heart rate variability (HRV) have been reported. However, it remains unclear whether they differ by the weight status as well as between wake and sleep. Methods A repeated-measure study was conducted in 97 young adults in Beijing, China, and they were classified by body mass index (BMI) as normal-weight (BMI, 18.5–24.0 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2) groups. Personal exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) were measured with portable exposure monitors, and the ambient PM2.5/BC concentrations were obtained from the fixed monitoring sites near the subjects’ residences. HRV and heart rate (HR) were monitored by 24-h Holter electrocardiography. The study period was divided into waking and sleeping hours according to time-activity diaries. Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the effects of PM2.5/BC on HRV and HR in both groups during wake and sleep. Results The effects of short-term exposure to PM2.5/BC on HRV were more pronounced among obese participants. In the normal-weight group, the positive association between personal PM2.5/BC exposure and high-frequency power (HF) as well as the ratio of low-frequency power to high-frequency power (LF/HF) was observed during wakefulness. In the obese group, personal PM2.5/BC exposure was negatively associated with HF but positively associated with LF/HF during wakefulness, whereas it was negatively correlated to total power and standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) during sleep. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in BC at 2-h moving average was associated with 37.64% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.03, 51.51%) increases in LF/HF during wakefulness and associated with 6.28% (95% CI: − 17.26, 6.15%) decreases in SDNN during sleep in obese individuals, and the interaction terms between BC and obesity in LF/HF and SDNN were both statistically significant (p <  0.05). The results also suggested that the effects of PM2.5/BC exposure on several HRV indices and HR differed in magnitude or direction between wake and sleep. Conclusions Short-term exposure to PM2.5/BC is associated with HRV and HR, especially in obese individuals. The circadian rhythm of HRV should be considered in future studies when HRV is applied. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Antihypertensive drug classes have different effects on short-term blood pressure variability in essential hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Levi-Marpillat ◽  
Isabelle Macquin-Mavier ◽  
Anne-Isabelle Tropeano ◽  
Gianfranco Parati ◽  
Patrick Maison
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Drug Classes

scholarly journals Short-Term Impact of Traffic-Related Particulate Matter and Noise Exposure on Cardiac Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Marie Buregeya ◽  
Philippe Apparicio ◽  
Jérémy Gelb
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
High Frequency Power ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Total Noise ◽  
Frequency Power

Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and noise exposure contributes to detrimental effects on cardiac function, but the underlying short-term effects related to their simultaneous personal exposure remain uncertain. The aim is to assess the impact of total inhaled dose of particulate matter and total noise exposure on the variations of electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters between pre-cycling and post-cycling periods. Mid-June 2019, we collected four participants’ personal exposure data related to traffic-related noise and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) as well as ECG parameters. Several Bayesian linear models were built to examine a potential association between air pollutants and noise exposure and ECG parameters: heart rate (HR), standard deviation of the normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), percentage of successive RR intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50), root mean square of successive RR interval differences (rMSSD), low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency power (HF), and ratio of low- to high-frequency power (LF/HF). We analyzed in total 255 5-min segments of RR intervals. We observed that per 1 µg increase in cumulative inhaled dose of PM2.5 was associated with 0.48 (95% CI: 0.22; 15.61) increase in variation of the heart rate, while one percent of total noise dose was associated with 0.49 (95% CI: 0.17; 0.83) increase in variation of heart rate between corresponding periods. Personal noise exposure was no longer significant once the PM2.5 was introduced in the whole model, whilst coefficients of the latter that were significant previously remained unchanged. Short-term exposure to traffic-related air and noise pollution did not, however, have an impact on heart rate variability.

Elevated heart rate variability in physically active postmenopausal women: a cardioprotective effect?

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. H455-H460 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Davy ◽  
N. L. Miniclier ◽  
J. A. Taylor ◽  
E. T. Stevenson ◽  
D. R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Total Power ◽  
High Frequency Power ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Frequency Power

Coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiac sudden death (CSD) incidence accelerates after menopause, but the incidence is lower in physically active versus less active women. Low heart rate variability (HRV) is a risk factor for CHD and CSD. The purpose of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that HRV at rest is greater in physically active compared with less active postmenopausal women. If true, we further hypothesized that the greater HRV in the physically active women would be closely associated with an elevated spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (SBRS). HRV (both time and frequency domain measures) and SBRS (sequence method) were measured during 5-min periods of controlled frequency breathing (15 breaths/min) in the supine, sitting, and standing postures in 9 physically active postmenopausal women (age = 53 +/- 1 yr) and 11 age-matched controls (age = 56 +/- 2 yr). Body weight, body mass index, and body fat percentage were lower (P < 0.01) and maximal oxygen uptake was higher (P < 0.01) in the physically active group. The standard deviation of the R-R intervals (time domain measure) was higher in all postures in the active women (P < 0.05) as were the high-frequency, low-frequency, and total power of HRV. SBRS also was higher (P < 0.05) in the physically active women in all postures and accounted for approximately 70% of the variance in the high-frequency power of HRV (P < 0.05). The results of the present investigation indicate that physically active postmenopausal women demonstrate higher levels of HRV compared with age-matched, less active women. Furthermore, SBRS accounted for the majority of the variance in the high-frequency power of HRV, suggesting the possibility of a mechanistic link with cardiac vagal modulation of heart rate. Our findings may provide insight into a possible cardioprotective mechanism in physically active postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Effects of human pregnancy on cardiac autonomic function above and below the ventilatory threshold

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Avery ◽  
L. A. Wolfe ◽  
C. E. Amara ◽  
G. A. L. Davies ◽  
M. J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Frequency Power

This study examined the effects of human pregnancy on heart rate variability (HRV), spontaneous baroreflex (SBR) sensitivity, and plasma catecholamines at rest and during exercise. Subjects were 14 healthy, physically active pregnant women (PG; mean gestational age = 33.9 ± 1.0 wk). Results were compared with an age-matched nonpregnant control group (NPG; n = 14) with similar characteristics. The electrocardiographic R-wave-R-wave interval and systolic blood pressure (via finger plethysmograph) were measured on a beat-to-beat basis at rest and during upright cycling at 60 and 110% of the ventilatory threshold (Tvent). Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) modulation (as reflected by HRV high-frequency/total power and SBR slope) was significantly reduced at rest in the PG vs. the NPG. During exercise, PNS modulation decreased significantly in both groups, but the magnitude of PNS withdrawal from rest to 110% Tvent was smaller in the PG vs. NPG. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) modulation (reflected by the low-frequency power-to-high-frequency power ratio) increased above resting values at 60 and 110% Tvent in the NPG. SNS modulation at 110% Tvent was significantly lower in the PG compared with the NPG. Plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were also lower at 110% Tvent in the PG. It was concluded that healthy pregnant women exhibit lower PNS modulation at rest and blunted SNS modulation during exercise above Tvent in late gestation.

Cardiovascular variability after arousal from sleep: time-varying spectral analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1394-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Blasi ◽  
Javier Jo ◽  
Edwin Valladares ◽  
Barbara J. Morgan ◽  
James B. Skatrud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
High Frequency Power ◽  
Low Frequency Power ◽  
Frequency Power

We performed time-varying spectral analyses of heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) recorded from 16 normal humans during acoustically induced arousals from sleep. Time-varying autoregressive modeling was employed to estimate the time courses of high-frequency HRV power, low-frequency HRV power, the ratio between low-frequency and high-frequency HRV power, and low-frequency power of systolic BPV. To delineate the influence of respiration on HRV, we also computed respiratory airflow high-frequency power, the modified ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency HRV power, and the average transfer gain between respiration and heart rate. During cortical arousal, muscle sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate increased and returned rapidly to baseline, but systolic blood pressure, the ratio between low-frequency and high-frequency HRV power, low-frequency HRV power, the modified ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency HRV power, and low-frequency power of systolic BPV displayed increases that remained above baseline up to 40 s after arousal. High-frequency HRV power and airflow high-frequency power showed concommitant decreases to levels below baseline, whereas the average transfer gain between respiration and heart rate remained unchanged. These findings suggest that 1) arousal-induced changes in parasympathetic activity are strongly coupled to respiratory pattern and 2) the sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular effects of arousal are relatively long lasting and may accumulate if repetitive arousals occur in close succession.

Sympathovagal balance is major determinant of short-term blood pressure variability in healthy subjects

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (4) ◽  
pp. H1245-H1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi Laitinen ◽  
Juha Hartikainen ◽  
Leo Niskanen ◽  
Ghislaine Geelen ◽  
Esko Länsimies
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Cardiovascular Regulation ◽  
Sympathovagal Balance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Frequency Components

Short-term blood pressure variability (BPV) has been suggested to provide important information about cardiovascular regulation. However, the background of BPV, its determinants, and physiological correlates have remained obscure. The aim of this study was to characterize physiological correlates of BPV and to investigate associations between BPV and neural and hormonal regulatory systems at rest in healthy subjects. We studied 117 healthy, normal-weight, nonsmoking male and female subjects aged 23–77 yr. Spectral analysis of BPV and heart rate variability (HRV) was performed from 5-min blood pressure (Finapres) and electrocardiogram recordings during controlled breathing. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was measured using the phenylephrine method. In addition, plasma concentrations of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and arginine vasopressin and plasma renin activity were measured. We found that the ratio between the low- and high-frequency components of HRV, an index of cardiac sympathovagal balance, correlated positively with total power and very low- and low-frequency components of systolic and diastolic BPV and inversely with high-frequency components of systolic and diastolic BPV. BRS, predominantly a measure of cardiac vagal regulation, correlated inversely with BPV. Furthermore, age, gender, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure contributed to BPV. Vasoactive hormones were not significant correlates of BPV. We conclude that sympathovagal balance of cardiovascular regulation is the major determinant of BPV. Other factors associated with BPV are age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, and BRS.

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