Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up: A Case Series in Verbal Working Memory Treatments for Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury Deficits

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199-1213
Author(s):  
Teryl Jean Wood ◽  
Keith Wolgemuth
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Language Training ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Rhythmic Language

Purpose Individuals with traumatic brain injury may suffer chronic cognitive–linguistic deficits in areas such as verbal working memory, which impede attainment of long-term rehabilitation goals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether individual rehabilitation programs focusing on cognitive skill building of memory and attention in the verbal domain may provide comparable outcomes to traditional compensatory, mnemonics-based training approaches. Method Rhythmic language training is presented as a novel therapeutic tool for targeting discrete cognitive skills that may provide specific benefits for chronic traumatic brain injury symptoms that conventional therapy programs may not. Standardized testing with the California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition ( Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober, 2000 ) was used for pre- and posttest comparisons in 2 cases presented as a series. Electroencephalography was employed concurrently with behavioral testing to examine changes in working memory for each case. Results Posttest measurements indicated positive changes in verbal working memory occurred, but to different degrees for each participant. Conclusion The preliminary positive effects observed in standardized testing for the experimental method of rhythmic language training warrant further investigation for potential clinical applications.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury: Effect of Litigation Status on Executive Functioning—A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simi Prakash K. ◽  
Rajakumari P. Reddy ◽  
Anna R. Mathulla ◽  
Jamuna Rajeswaran ◽  
Dhaval P. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a wide range of physiological, behavioral, emotional, and cognitive sequelae. Litigation status is one of the many factors that has an impact on recovery. The aim of this study was to compare executive functions, postconcussion, and depressive symptoms in TBI patients with and without litigation. A sample of 30 patients with TBI, 15 patients with litigation (medicolegal case [MLC]), and 15 without litigation (non-MLC) was assessed. The tools used were sociodemographic and clinical proforma, executive function tests, Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptom Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory. Assessment revealed that more than 50% of patients showed deficits in category fluency, set shifting, and concept formation. The MLC group showed significant impairment on verbal working memory in comparison to the non-MLC group. The performance of both groups was comparable on tests of semantic fluency, visuospatial working memory, concept formation, set shifting, planning, and response inhibition. The MLC group showed more verbal working memory deficits in the absence of significant postconcussion and depressive symptoms on self-report measures.

Patterns of verbal learning and memory in traumatic brain injury

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
GLENN CURTISS ◽  
RODNEY D. VANDERPLOEG ◽  
JAN SPENCER ◽  
ANDRES M. SALAZAR
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processes

CVLT and WMS–R Digit Span variables were used to calculate indexes of seven specific short- and long-term memory processes: working memory span and central executive functions, and long-term memory encoding, consolidation, retention, retrieval, control abilities. Scores on these indexes were then cluster-analyzed to determine whether subtypes of memory performance exist that correspond to deficits in these theoretical memory constructs. Parallel analyses were conducted with two large samples (N = 150 and N = 151) of individuals who had sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Findings showed that TBI results in subgroups of memory disorders with specific deficits in consolidation, retention, and retrieval processes. Control problems (keeping track of list versus non-list items) only appeared in conjunction with retrieval deficits. Working memory span and central executive functioning (i.e., the ability to manipulate information in working memory) do not appear to be deficits characteristic of TBI as no such clusters emerged in the analyses. By using specific indexes of memory processes, and in contrast to previous studies, patterns of memory dysfunction were found that correspond to deficits in theoretically meaningful memory constructs. (JINS, 2001, 7, 574–585.)

scholarly journals Brain imaging correlates of verbal working memory in children following traumatic brain injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth A. Wilde ◽  
Mary R. Newsome ◽  
Erin D. Bigler ◽  
Jon Pertab ◽  
Tricia L. Merkley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Verbal Working Memory

Verbal working memory impairments following traumatic brain injury: an fNIRS investigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Rodriguez Merzagora ◽  
Meltem Izzetoglu ◽  
Banu Onaral ◽  
Maria T. Schultheis
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Memory Impairments

Long-term neuropsychological outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
RODNEY D. VANDERPLOEG ◽  
GLENN CURTISS ◽  
HEATHER G. BELANGER
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Neuropsychological Outcomes

Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is common, yet few studies have examined neuropsychological outcomes more than 1 year postinjury. Studies of nonreferred individuals with MTBI or studies with appropriate control groups are lacking, but necessary to draw conclusions regarding natural recovery from MTBI. We examined the long-term neuropsychological outcomes of a self-reported MTBI an average of 8 years postinjury in a nonreferred community-dwelling sample of male veterans. This was a cross-sectional cohort study derived from the Vietnam Experience Study. Three groups matched on premorbid cognitive ability were examined, those who (1) had not been injured in a MVA nor had a head injury (Normal Control;n= 3214), (2) had been injured in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) but did not have a head injury (MVA Control;n= 539), and (3) had a head injury with altered consciousness (MTBI;n= 254). A MANOVA found no group differences on a standard neuropsychological test battery of 15 measures. Across 15 measures, the average neuropsychological effect size of MTBI compared with either control group was −.03. Subtle aspects of attention and working memory also were examined by comparing groups on Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) continuation rate and California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) proactive interference (PI). Compared with normal controls, the MTBI group evidenced attention problems in their lower rate of continuation to completion on the PASAT (odds ratio = 1.32,CI= 1.0–1.73) and in excessive PI (odds ratio = 1.66,CI= 1.11–2.47). Unique to the MTBI group, PASAT continuation problems were associated with left-sided visual imperceptions and excessive PI was associated with impaired tandem gait. These results show that MTBI can have adverse long-term neuropsychological outcomes on subtle aspects of complex attention and working memory. (JINS, 2005,11, 228–236.)

Verbal Recall After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Sensitivity of the Rapid Screen of Concussion

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karleigh Jayne Kwapil ◽  
Gina Geffen ◽  
Ken McFarland ◽  
Veronica Eileen DeMonte
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Learning Test

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine whether including a sensitive test of immediate and delayed recall would improve the diagnostic validity of the Rapid Screen of Concussion (RSC) in mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) versus orthopaedic clinical samples. Two studies were undertaken. In Study 1, the performance of 156 mTBI and 145 orthopaedic participants was analysed to identify the number of individuals who performed at ceiling on the verbal memory subtest of the RSC, as this test required immediate and delayed recall of only five words. A second aim was to determine the sensitivity and specificity levels of the RSC. Study 2 aimed to examine whether replacement of the verbal memory subtest with the 12-word Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) could improve the sensitivity of the RSC in a new sample of 26 mTBI and 30 orthopaedic participants. Both studies showed that orthopaedic participants outperformed mTBI participants on each of the selected measures. Study 1 showed that 14% of mTBI participants performed at ceiling on the immediate and 21.2% on delayed recall test. Performance on the original battery yielded a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 80% and overall correct classification of 81.5% participants. In Study 2, inclusion of the HVLT improved sensitivity to a level of 88.5%, decreased specificity to a level of 70% and resulted in an overall classification rate of 80%. It was concluded that although inclusion of the five-word subtest in the RSC can successfully distinguish concussed from non-concussed individuals, use of the HVLT in this protocol yields a more sensitive measure of subtle cognitive deficits following mTBI.

Traumatic brain injury alters the functional brain network mediating working memory

Brain Injury ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1170-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Kasahara ◽  
David K. Menon ◽  
Claire H. Salmond ◽  
Joanne G. Outtrim ◽  
Joana V. Taylor Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Functional Brain Network
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