Orofacial Myology: National and International Perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
Barbara Erskine
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
American Association ◽  
International Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Myofunctional Therapy ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Different Cultures

This article provides information about the discipline of orofacial myology. Information about the International Association of Orofacial Myology (IAOM) in the United States will be presented. International perspectives on orofacial myology will be discussed. The field of orofacial myofunctional therapy emerged in the early twentieth century thanks in large part to the pioneering work of two orthodontists Dr. Edward Angle and Dr. Alfred Rogers. Dr. Angle observed that myofunctional disorders including poor tongue and lip incompetence, impacted dental occlusion. Rogers proposed specific therapy exercises to develop tonicity and to improve orofacial muscle function. In the decades that followed, much was written to increase our understanding of orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMDs) and the importance of correct oral resting postures. In the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, healthcare professionals worldwide including those from the fields of dentistry, dental hygiene, and speech pathology pursued training in the evaluation of and treatment of OMDs. In the 1970s a lack of research called into question the value of orofacial myofunctional therapy. However, over time, research articles proving treatment efficacy were published. In the 1990s, The American Association of Orthodontists and The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) considered this research together with presentations by orofacial myofunctional therapy advocates, subsequently writing position statements supporting evaluation and treatment. Since 1972, the IAOM has provided orofacial myofunctional therapists with continuing education opportunities and certification in the field of orofacial myology. The International Journal of Orofacial Myology presents cutting edge research. Orofacial myology continues to flourish across the globe. With different countries and different cultures come different standards and protocols and areas of importance. This article presents international perspectives on orofacial myology. Information was gleaned from surveys completed by orofacial myologists in four continents representing nine countries. Respondents share a passion for the field and a desire to help their patients. The responses illustrate various areas of success as well as challenges that lie ahead in the areas of education, certification, and research. International dialogue is needed to expand the knowledge base of orofacial myologists, to encourage research, and to propel the field of orofacial myology forward.

Cooperative trust and trustworthiness in China and the United States: Does guanxi make a difference?

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hanjing Huang ◽  
Pei-Luen Patrick Rau
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Special Form ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Business Context ◽  
Different Cultures

Our aim was to investigate and compare the effects of cooperating with either a friend or a stranger in a business context on trust and trustworthiness in 2 different cultures. In China, guanxi is a special form of personal relationship in which the exchange partners bond through reciprocal obligations. We conducted cooperation experiments based on the supply chain task in which Chinese and U.S. participants cooperated with their friends and with strangers. The results indicated that both Chinese and U.S. participants had higher levels of trust and trustworthiness for their friends than for strangers. Moreover, Chinese participants made a stronger distinction between friends and strangers than did U.S. participants. In addition, Chinese participants had lower levels of trust and trustworthiness than did U.S. participants. The cooperation experiments enrich the theoretical field of investigating the effects of personal relationships on cooperative trust and trustworthiness, and provide practical value to the management of business cooperation in different cultures.

Experience report about the regional internship of the UFSM's medicine course in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M N Silva ◽  
M A Maas ◽  
D A Barreto ◽  
M V P Costa ◽  
D S Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
General Community

Abstract Background The Regional Internship (RI) is an extension project provided by the Federal University of Santa Maria (Brazil) that gives the medicine students a real experience of how the Primary Health Care (PHC) works, offering them a chance to grow as professionals, gaining self-trust and autonomy while being supervised by the preceptors. The cities where the program operates are small and they suffer with lack of high-quality healthcare professionals, which makes this internship also important for these communities. Worldwide, mainly in developing countries, the deficiency of proper PHC is a problem that can be attenuated by this proposal of introducing updated doctors eager to improve their skills and benefit the society. Objective The aim of the present study is to report, through the interns' exposition, how the internship was capable of contributing for the life and formation of the medicine student. Results Based on an extension project that gives the students an opportunity of a more embracing experience with the community, it is possible to notice the importance of the extension on the curricular complementation. Moreover, with the interaction between students and community, the knowledge exchange and the experience with different cultures benefit and contribute to the medical formation of these students, as well as in the population health context. Conclusions This is a part of the portfolio delivered by an academic: 'At the end of the two months of Regional Internship I have the sensation of mission accomplished and satisfaction. The experience offered by this phase of the course is incomparable, I feel more secure, more autonomous, it's like the growth that was in a constant acceleration before now suffered an exponential improve.' Key messages The benefits of Regional Internship cannot be evaluated only by quantitative indicators, but also by the individual experiences lived by interns, preceptors and a general community. After the internship period, academics conclude that they feel more confident and encouraged to face the challenges of medical life.

Why Diamonds Really are a Girl's Best Friend: Another American Narrative

Daedalus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Linda K. Kerber
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Domestic Relations ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
American Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

The old law of domestic relations and the system known as coverture have shaped marriage practices in the United States and have limited women's membership in the constitutional community. This system of law predates the Revolution, but it lingers in U.S. legal tradition even today. After describing coverture and the old law of domestic relations, this essay considers how the received narrative of women's place in U.S. history often obscures the story of women's and men's efforts to overthrow this oppressive regime, and also the story of the continuing efforts of men and some women to stabilize and protect it. The essay also questions the paradoxes built into American law: for example, how do we reconcile the strictures of coverture with the founders' care in defining rights-holders as “persons” rather than “men”? Citing a number of court cases from the early days of the republic to the present, the essay describes the 1960s and 1970s shift in legal interpretation of women's rights and obligations. However, recent developments – in abortion laws, for example – invite inquiry as to how full the change is that we have accomplished. The history of coverture and the way it affects legal, political, and cultural practice today is another American narrative that needs to be better understood.

The Efficacy of Collaboration: Tibetan Medicine Across Countries and Conversations

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 152-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sienna Craig
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
Asian Medicine ◽  
Hands On Learning ◽  
Sowa Rigpa

First delivered as a plenary lecture at the ictam viii congress in September 2013 in South Korea, this paper discusses two interdisciplinary and collaborative workshops focusing on Tibetan medicine (also known as Sowa Rigpa) in contemporary contexts. The first event, which took place in December 2011, brought together nearly 40 practitioners of Sowa Rigpa from the greater Himalaya and Tibetan regions of the People’s Republic of China (prc), along with four anthropologists, for intensive, interactive discussions on pharmacology by making medicines together. The second event, which took place in October 2012 in Xining, Qinghai Province, prc, involved practitioners, educators, and researchers from the Arura Group, one of the leading Tibetan medicine institutions in the prc, with researchers from the United States, Europe, and tar (Tibet Autonomous Region) for in-depth discussions about integrative clinical research and the place of the humanities and social sciences in the study of traditional medicines. Both events were supported, directly or indirectly, by the International Association for the Study of Traditional Asian Medicine (iastam), and abided in spirit with the mission of this organisation, namely, to bring scholars and practitioners of Asian medicine together for mutual exchange. While the Kathmandu event emphasised hands-on learning and the co-production of both knowledge and things, the Xining workshop provided Tibetan medical colleagues in the prc with the opportunity to engage with broad discussions, at once methodological and epistemological, about the meaning, purpose, and aims of research on traditional medicines today.

Grant writing: Moving from generating ideas to applying to grants that matter

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-244
Author(s):  
David Nelson ◽  
Leslie Ruffalo
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grant Writing ◽  
Psychosocial Issues ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Fund Research

There is an extraordinary burden placed upon the healthcare system and people as a result of health disparities that exist within the United States. If there is going to be a concerted effort to develop innovative strategies to reduce health disparities, input from the community and behavioral scientists can and should be included in this approach and narrative. Grant writing provides one vehicle to express the narrative and to provide a means to fund research and programs within clinic-based and community settings. This paper describes a four-step inquiry process to guide healthcare professionals with varying degrees of clinical and scholarship interests through the grant writing process. They include: (1) Why write grants (motivations), (2) what is the area of focus? (Interests), (3) whom should be on the project? (partnerships), and (4) what needs to happen next to move the idea forward? (actions) The complexity of psychosocial issues means that behavioral science is well suited to develop both hypotheses-driven and phenomenological research to understand bio-psycho-social health issues. Grant writing does not need to be mysterious or daunting. It can provide a means to an end, not only to fund research but also as a means to an end of health disparities.

Improving Accuracy using The ASERLU layer in CNN-BiLSTM Architecture on Sentiment Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1001-1007
Author(s):  
Sandi Hermawan ◽  
Rilla Mandala
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Activation Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Sentiment Detection ◽  
Improving Accuracy ◽  
Different Cultures

There have been 350,000 tweets generated by the interaction of social networks with different cultures and educational backgrounds in the last ten years. Various sentiments are expressed in the user comments, from support to hatred. The sentiments regarded the United States General Election in 2020. This dataset has 3,000 data gotten from previous research. We augment it becomes 15,000 data to facilitate training and increase the required data. Sentiment detection is carried out using the CNN-BiLSTM architecture. It is chosen because CNN can filter essential words, and BiLSTM can remember memory in two directions. By utilizing both, the training process becomes maximum. However, this method has disadvantages in the activation. The drawback of the existing activation method, i.e., "Zero-hard Rectifier" and "ReLU Dropout" problem to become the cause of training stopped in the ReLU activation, and the exponential function cannot be set become the activation function still rigid towards output value in the SERLU activation. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel activation method to repair activation in CNN-BiLSTM architecture. It is namely the ASERLU activation function. It can adjust positive value output, negative value output, and exponential value by the setter variables. So, it adapts more conveniently to the output value and becomes a flexible activation function because it can be increased and decreased as needed. It is the first research applied in architecture. Compared with ReLU and SERLU, our proposed method gives higher accuracy based on the experiment results.

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