dental occlusion
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PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261404
Author(s):  
Christopher Martin Silvester ◽  
Ottmar Kullmer ◽  
Simon Hillson

Dentistry is confronted with the functional and aesthetic consequences that result from an increased prevalence of misaligned and discrepant dental occlusal relations in modern industrialised societies. Previous studies have indicated that a reduction in jaw size in response to softer and more heavily processed foods during and following the Industrial Revolution (1,700 CE to present) was an important factor in increased levels of poor dental occlusion. The functional demands placed on the masticatory system play a crucial role in jaw ontogenetic development; however, the way in which chewing behaviours changed in response to the consumption of softer foods during this period remains poorly understood. Here we show that eating more heavily processed food has radically transformed occlusal power stroke kinematics. Results of virtual 3D analysis of the dental macrowear patterns of molars in 104 individuals dating to the Industrial Revolution (1,700–1,900 CE), and 130 of their medieval and early post-medieval antecedents (1,100–1,700 CE) revealed changes in masticatory behaviour that occurred during the early stages of the transition towards eating more heavily processed foods. The industrial-era groups examined chewed with a reduced transverse component of jaw movement. These results show a diminished sequence of occlusal contacts indicating that a dental revolution has taken place in modern times, involving a dramatic shift in the way in which teeth occlude and wear during mastication. Molar macrowear suggests a close connection between progressive changes in chewing since the industrialization of food production and an increase in the prevalence of poor dental occlusion in modern societies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuejiao Zhang ◽  
Xiaojie Xu ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Mian Zhang ◽  
...  

Temporomandibular joints (TMJs) have a biomechanical relationship with dental occlusion. Aberrant occlusion initiates degenerative remodeling responses in TMJ condyles. Aging is a promoting factor of osteoarthritis (OA) development. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of aging on degenerative remodeling in TMJ condyles in response to occlusal biomechanical stimulation caused by the installation of aberrant prostheses and observe rehabilitation after their removal. The experiments involved 84 female C57BL/6J mice (42 at 6 weeks old and 42 at 28 weeks old). A bilateral anterior crossbite (BAC) model was developed, and the TMJs were sampled at 3, 7, and 11 weeks. BAC was removed at 7 weeks in a subset of mice, which accepted BAC treatment at 6 week of age, and maintained for another 4 weeks after BAC removal. TMJ changes were assessed with micro-CT, histomorphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence staining assays. The results showed that BAC induced typical OA-like TMJ lesions that were more severe in the elder groups as evaluated by the acellular zones, clustered chondrocytes, fissures between cartilage and subchondral bone, reductions in matrix amount and the cartilage thickness as revealed by histomorphological measurements, and subchondral bone loss as detected on micro-CT images. IHC indicated significant increases in cleaved caspase-3-expressing cells and decreases in ki67-positive cells in the BAC groups. There were obvious age-dependent changes in the numbers of superficial zone cells and CD90-expressing cells. Supportively, cleaved caspase-3-expressing cells obviously increased, while ki67-expressing cells significantly decreased with aging. In the elder BAC groups, the superficial zone cells such as CD90-expressing cells were greatly reduced. At 11 weeks, the superficial zone cells were almost non-existent, and there were clear serrated injuries on the cartilage surface. BAC removal attenuated the degenerative changes in the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone. Notably, the rescue effect was more pronounced in the younger animals. Our findings demonstrate the impacts of aging on both TMJ degenerative changes in response to BAC and regenerative changes following BAC removal. The reduced number of chondro-progenitor cells in aged TMJ cartilage provides an explanation for this age-related decline in TMJ rehabilitative behaviors.


Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1316
Author(s):  
Darius Tomina ◽  
Smaranda Buduru ◽  
Cristian Mihail Dinu ◽  
Andreea Kui ◽  
Cătălina Dee ◽  
...  

Background and Objectives: Dental occlusion and gingival recession have been studied over the past years especially because of the increasing incidence of occlusal interferences in young patients. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate any association between occlusal dysfunctions and gingival recessions. Data on gingival phenotype and previous orthodontic treatment were also collected to assess any correlation with the presence of gingival recession. Materials and Methods: Forty systemically healthy subjects, without signs of periodontitis and with gingival recessions, were included in the study. The following parameters were determined: location and extent of the gingival recession, gingival phenotype and functional occlusion by means of observing and registering the occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspation position, protrusive and lateral guidance. Results: Premolars were mostly affected in cases of working-side interferences during lateral guidance (71.19% of the affected teeth during left and 75% during right mandibular movements). The chi-squared exact test applied for the analysis of contingency tables revealed statistically significant associations between excursive interferences during lateral guidance and anterior guidance and the presence of gingival recession on the involved group of teeth. Conclusions: The results suggest that most gingival recessions might be associated with working-side interferences, the highest number of gingival recessions being associated with active interferences during lateral guidance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9985
Author(s):  
Giorgio Iodice ◽  
Gianpaolo Tartaro ◽  
Mario Santagata ◽  
Salvatore D’Amato

Background: The demand for interdisciplinary orthodontic treatment has increased significantly in the past few years, especially in adult patients. This kind of treatment requires careful clinical management, as consequence of the possible complications and limits related to adult age. However, the use of skeletal anchorage and three-dimensional (3D) digital technology has deeply revolutionised diagnostic planning and treatment strategies. Methods: A fully digital approach to the treatment of a Class II patient with a gummy smile and mandibular deficiency and deviation, consisting of initial surgery followed by the use of aligners and skeletal anchorage, is described. Results: The 3D, fully digital pre-evaluation enabled clinicians to accurately and reliably plan the surgical procedure and subsequent orthodontics, including the individualised positioning of stabilisation plates and a splint for maxillary and chin surgical movements. This allowed for the improvement of the patient’s facial aesthetics and dental occlusion without the use of visible orthodontic appliances or the occurrence of pre-surgical aesthetic worsening. Conclusions: This approach could be very effective for adult patients seeking aesthetic treatment options for facial and dental aesthetic improvement.


Author(s):  
Silvana Silveira ◽  
Patricia Valerio ◽  
Almiro J. Machado Júnior

AbstractThe law of minimum vertical dimension (MVD) states that “when the mandible moves to reach the maximum intercuspal position, this always involves bringing the mandible and maxilla as close together as possible.” Therefore, after the first occlusal contact is made, the MIP will be reached through reduction of the vertical dimension. Our objective of this study, through an integrative review of the literature review, was to determine whether ignoring this law is a factor that contributes to malocclusion, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and recurrences of functional orthodontic and orthopedic treatments.We conducted a search of the literature in five of the main electronic scientific databases. The following medical subject heading terms were used in our search: centric relation, dental occlusion, malocclusion, vertical dimension, and mastication. We cross-referenced the descriptors in the following four groups: centric relation and maximum intercuspation; occlusal plane and malocclusion; neuro-occlusal rehabilitation; and vertical dimension and unilateral chewing. From this, we selected 277 potentially eligible articles. Out of these, 209 were excluded in accordance with the exclusion criteria already described. Thus, 65 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis.The articles were also classified according to their impact factor and degree of recommendation, in conformity with the table of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. The scientific interest in the scope of the articles was also assessed by using three charts developed according to year and country of publication and the percentage of publication. Unilateral chewing creates a vicious cycle of damage that leads to an ever-increasing masticatory deficiency. Most of the articles chosen for this review confirmed that noncompliance with law of MVD was a predisposing factor in cases of relapse, in functional orthodontic and orthopedic treatments, as well as a causal factor in malocclusion and in functional and morphological TMJ dysfunctions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Smaranda Buduru ◽  
◽  
Manuela Taut ◽  
Cecilia Bacali ◽  
Manuela Manziuc ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the analysis of maximal intercuspation, protrusive and laterotrusive movements requires an additional digital method of occlusal diagnosis using the T-Scan™ Novus™ device (TekScan). In this observational study, we retrospectively examined a number of 10 subjects which were divided into 2 groups: the 1st group involved patients with intact dental arches and the 2nd group with patients that had received implant-supported restorations. The methods of analysis involved the calibrated articulating paper of 200 and 40 micrometers, and also the T-Scan™ Novus™ device (TekScan). The following data were collected: contact points in maximum intercuspation (functional and premature contacts), the pairs of teeth performing protrusion and right/left laterotrusion, active/passive interferences and premature contacts during protrusion and right/left laterotrusion. Descriptive statistics were obtained using the MedCalc Statistical Software version 19.2.6 (MedCalc Soft-ware bv, Ostend, Belgium) and Microsoft Excel for MAC 2011. It was tested if a statistically significant difference existed between the diagnostic methods regarding the number of contact points. The T test for independent samples without the assumption of equal variances and the Mann-Whitney test was used (to which we reported the medians of the 2 subgroups and the P value adjusted for equalities) and also the magnitude of association using the Chi-square test (p value) was measured. Also it was studied the correlation between the number of premature contacts and the number of contact points, respectively, obtained by each diagnostic method, and we expressed the results through the Spearman correlation coefficient. The analysis of the maximum intercuspation, of the protrusive and the laterotrusive movements has shown comparable results using the two examination methods. There were no statistically significant differences between the two methods of analyzing dental occlusion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 755-771
Author(s):  
Muhamed Sabin A.P ◽  
◽  
Rani Somani ◽  
Sharib Hussain ◽  
Aiswarya Madhu ◽  
...  

There are several reasons why pediatric dentist should understand the development of dental occlusion. One of the major objectives of orthodontic treatment is to correct occlusal problems. Much of the need for this treatment could be avoided if children received the proper dental care at earlier ages. Development of occlusion is a genetically and environmentally conditioned process, which shows a great deal of individual variations, and consequently, for the development of an acceptable occlusion, quite a remarkable co-ordination of different events is necessary. The development of occlusion depends on a number of conditions, like muscular pressure, habits, availability of space, etc. This development is coincident with the growth of all tissues associated with the dental apparatus, including the nose, maxillary sinuses, facial bones and muscles. Failure in one part of the development process may lead to anomalies, or else may be compensated for by other developmental processes. Thus Proper care of the developing deciduous and permanent teeth, both at the dental office and at home, is important for the appropriate development of occlusion. and timely diagnosis followed by appropriate interception can prevent any developing malocclusion. This article is an overview which depicts (1) periods of development of occlusion, (2) outline the development of normal occlusion in the pediatric patient and (3) explain what occlusion of the teeth is and why it is important.


2021 ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Т.R. Hlushko ◽  
Yu.V. Vovk ◽  
V.Yu. Vovk ◽  
P.S. Kryukov

Introduction. Determination of the patients’ dentitions ratios is an important in the orthopedic dental treatment of defects of the dentofacial system (DFS). The aim of the study. Performance of the comparative clinical and instrumental analysis of ICP occlusal relationships registration results in groups of patients with intact dentitions and unilateral defects of dentitions. Materials and methods. Examination of 10 patients of both sexes aged 24 to 50 years was conducted. All examined patients were divided into treatment and control groups. The first treatment group of the study included 5 patients with class A2 unilateral defects of dentitions of the DFS according to the Eichner classification. The control group consisted of 5 patients with intact dentitions. Results. As a result of the study conducted it was found that at the stage of transition from ICP to MIC, the OT index in patients of the control group with the use of Futar D registration material was (0,37±0,07) sec, values of the proportion of the occlusal force (COF) on the right were determined in the interval (65,2±7,71) %, on the left they were (34,8±7,71) %, length of the occlusal trajectory (L) was (8,6±2,94) mm. OT index in patients of the treatment group with the use of Futar D registration material during the transition from ICP to MIC made up (0,37±0,07) sec, values of the proportion of the occlusal force (COF) on the right were determined in the interval (32,4±6,22) %, on the left they were (67,6±6,22) % (p<0,05), length of occlusal displacement trajectory (L) increased to (12,6±2,88) mm (p≥0,05). Conclusions: An important feature of physiologically coordinated functioning of the dentofacial system of patients is the uniform occlusion of dentition with simultaneous contact of all groups of At the time of static and dynamic occlusion, frequent sliding contacts are observed in the end position of the ICP. As the occlusal pressure increases towards the maximum intercuspation (MIC), the area of the contact surfaces of the teeth increases. Under this condition, an occlusal pressure occurs, causing redistribution of the functional load of the DFS The interval of dental occlusion between the ICP and MIC positions, or delta (∆), which can be determined using Tekscan III digital technology, demonstrates spatio-temporal indices of redistribution of intermaxillary relations. Their values in patients with partial loss of teeth cause a particular With the use of Futar D registration material, clinical and instrumental analysis of digital indices of the transition from ICP to MIC allowed the establishment of the extension of time duration of dental occlusion by 1,2, increase in the length of the occlusal trajectory by 1,5, a significant change in proportional participation of the sides of dentitions (p<0,05) in patients of the treatment group compared to the control Prospects for further research. The conducted instrumental studies demonstrate challenging opportunities to identify individualized features of static and dynamic occlusal balance at clinical registration of intermaxillary position of ICP with the help of various registration materials and techniques.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Fabiana Vitória Ananias Gonçalves ◽  
Luiz Evaristo Ricci Volpato ◽  
Amanda Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Emília Oliveira Gomes ◽  
Andreza Maria Fábio Aranha

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of oral parafunctions with the presence of signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorder in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP). A cross-sectional study was  performed in which one hundred and eighty-eight children with CLP and absence of associated syndromes or malformations were investigated. During clinical examination, the presence of wear facets and dental occlusion were observed and palpation was performed in the temporomandibular joint region (TMJ) and orofacial musculature . The children and their guardians were interviewed regarding the presence of oral parafunctional habits (bruxism, the act of biting the lips and/or cheeks, nail biting, sucking of fingers and pacifiers) and signs and symptoms of craniomandibular dysfunction (headache, ear and/or neckache, tiredness or crack in the TMJ during mouth opening and chewing movements). The data were analyzed by means of absolute and relative frequency measurements, and bivariate analysis using Pearson’s chi-square test and likelihood ratio test were performed, considering the significance level of 5%. A higher prevalence of cleft lip and palate type (76.0%) and the presence of malocclusion (61.7%) was observed, highlighting the anterior crossbite (58.7%) and midline deviation (48.9%). There was a higher occurrence of teeth grinding (40.4%), onychophagy (28.7%) and biting lips and/or cheeks (28.7%). Onychophagia was associated with headache (p <0.05) and with pain or cracking during mouth opening (p <0.05). It was concluded that parafunctional oral habits may be associated with signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorder in children with cleft lip and palate.Keywords: Craniomandibular Disorders. Nail Biting. Bruxism. Maxillofacial Abnormalities. Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a associação de parafunções orais com sinais e sintomas da disfunção craniomandibular em crianças com fissuras labiopalatinas (FLP). Um estudo transversal foi realizado, no qual cento e oitenta e oito crianças com FLP e ausência de síndromes ou malformações associadas, foram investigadas. Durante exame clínico, a presença de facetas de desgaste e a oclusão dentária foram observadas e foi realizada a palpação na região da articulação temporomandibular (ATM) e musculatura orofacial. As crianças e seus responsáveis foram entrevistados com relação à presença de hábitos orais parafuncionais (bruxismo, ato de morder os lábios e/ou bochechas, onicofagia, sucção de dedos e de chupeta) e sinais e sintomas de disfunção craniomandibular (cefaléia, ouvido, dor, cansaço ou estalo na ATM durante movimentos de abertura bucal e de mastigação). Os dados foram analisados por meio de medidas de frequência absoluta e relativa e a análise bivariada foi realizada por meio dos testes do Qui-quadrado de Pearson (χ2) e a Razão de verossimilhança, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Uma maior prevalência das fissuras envolvendo lábio e palato (76,0%) e presença de maloclusão (61,7%) foi observada, com destaque para mordida cruzada anterior (58,7%) e desvio de linha média (48,9%). Houve uma maior ocorrência do ato de ranger os dentes (40,4%), da onicofagia (28,7%) e do hábito de morder lábios e/ou bochechas (28,7%). A onicofagia foi associada à cefaléia (p<0,05) e à dor ou estalo durante abertura bucal (p<0,05). Conclui-se que hábitos orais parafuncionais podem estar associados a presença de sinais e sintomas da disfunção craniomandibular em crianças com FLP.Palavras-chave: Transtornos Craniomandibulares. Hábito de Roer Unhas. Bruxismo. Anormalidades Maxilofaciais.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 840-849
Author(s):  
Casazza Estelle ◽  
Ré Jean-Philippe ◽  
Giraudeau Anne ◽  
Parfu Anne ◽  
Orthlieb Jean-Daniel

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