Age and Laryngeal Airway Resistance During Vowel Production in Women

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette D. Hoit ◽  
Thomas J. Hixon
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Laryngeal Airway

An investigation was conducted to determine if laryngeal valving economy, as reflected in measures of laryngeal airway resistance during vowel production, differs with age in women. Seventy healthy women were studied, 10 each at age 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, and 85 years. Results indicated that laryngeal airway resistance did not differ significantly with age, although it was noted that the 45-year-old women generally had lower laryngeal airway resistance values. This pattern of function differs from that observed in men (Melcon, Hoit, & Hixon, 1989). Discussion of findings includes consideration of factors that might influence laryngeal function during speech production in women. Clinical implications are offered.

Age and Laryngeal Airway Resistance during Vowel Production

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Melcon ◽  
Jeannette D. Hoit ◽  
Thomas J. Hixon
Keyword(s):  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Old Men ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Laryngeal Airway

An investigation was conducted to determine if laryngeal valving economy, as reflected in measures of laryngeal airway resistance during vowel production, varies across adulthood. Sixty healthy men were studied, 10 from each of six age groups–25, 35, 45, 55, 65, and 75 years (± 2 years). Results indicated that there are age-related differences in laryngeal airway resistance during vowel production and that these differences are characterized by a lower mean resistance in 75-year-old men than in younger men of the ages studied. This finding provides insight into the impact of age on laryngeal function and has important implications for the evaluation and management of men with voice disorders.

scholarly journals A Clinical Method for Estimating Laryngeal Airway Resistance during Vowel Production

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith R. Smitheran ◽  
Thomas J. Hixon
Keyword(s):  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Oral Pressure ◽  
Airway Opening ◽  
Laryngeal Airway

A noninvasive clinical method for estimating laryngeal airway resistance during vowel production is described. Resistance is calculated from the ratio of translaryngeal pressure to translaryngeal flow, the first determined from measurement of oral pressure and the second determine from measurement of airway-opening flow made during the production of a specially designed utterance. Application of the method to the study of vowels resulted in a calculated mean laryngeal airway resistance of 35.7 cm H 2 O/LPS for 15 normal adult males. This resistance value is remarkably similar to mean values obtained in previous research using complex invasive experimental methods. Clinical use of the method is illustrated in case studies that highlight both evaluation and management potentials. It is concluded that the method proposed is clinically practical, that the data it provides are both valid and reliable, and that the method shows great promise of becoming a routine clinical tool for estimating laryngeal airway resistance during vowel production.

scholarly journals The Effects of Hyper- and Hypocapnia on Phonatory Laryngeal Airway Resistance in Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda I. Gillespie ◽  
William Slivka ◽  
Charles W. Atwood ◽  
Katherine Verdolini Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Respiratory Homeostasis ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Laryngeal Airway

Purpose The larynx has a dual role in the regulation of gas flow into and out of the lungs while also establishing resistance required for vocal fold vibration. This study assessed reciprocal relations between phonatory functions—specifically, phonatory laryngeal airway resistance (R law )—and respiratory homeostasis during states of ventilatory gas perturbations. Method Twenty-four healthy women performed phonatory tasks while exposed to induced hypercapnia (high CO 2 ), hypocapnia (low CO 2 ), and normal breathing (eupnea). Effects of gas perturbations on R law were investigated as were the reciprocal effects of R law modulations on respiratory homeostasis. Results R law remained stable despite manipulations of inspired gas concentrations. In contrast, end-tidal CO 2 levels increased significantly during all phonatory tasks. Thus, for the conditions tested, R law did not adjust to accommodate ventilatory needs as predicted. Rather, stable R law was spontaneously accomplished at the cost of those needs. Conclusions Findings provide support for a theory of regulation wherein R law may be a control parameter in phonation. Results also provide insight into the influence of phonation on respiration. The work sets the foundation for future studies on laryngeal function during phonation in individuals with lower airway disease and other patient populations.

Laryngeal Airway Resistance in Children with Cleft Palate and Adequate Velopharyngeal Function

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Effort Level ◽  
Syllable Repetition ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function ◽  
Laryngeal Resistance ◽  
Repetition Task ◽  
Laryngeal Airway

Laryngeal airway resistance during vowel production was determined for 10 children without cleft palate and 14 children with cleft palate and adequate velopharyngeal function. The children with cleft palate were further grouped according to either complete or incomplete velopharyngeal closure. All children performed a syllable repetition task with nostrils occluded at self-determined effort and a targeted effort typical of adult speech. Results indicated that all children exhibited significantly greater laryngeal resistance at self-determined effort. No significant differences occurred among the groups of children at either effort level. Some children with incomplete velopharyngeal closure, however, tended to exhibit relatively increased laryngeal resistance at the targeted effort level when their nostrils were unoccluded. Implications for a regulation-control model of speech production and clinical assessment are discussed.

Sources of Error in Estimation of Laryngeal Airway Resistance in Persons With Spasmodic Dysphonia

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Finnegan ◽  
Erich S. Luschei ◽  
Julie M. Barkmeier ◽  
Henry T. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
Spasmodic Dysphonia ◽  
Steady Flows ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Syllable Repetition ◽  
Oral Pressure ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Laryngeal Airway

Estimation of laryngeal airway resistance is a noninvasive method that has proven useful in the study of people with normal and some types of disordered voices. We were interested in examining more closely the application of this method to persons with spasmodic dysphonia (SD), a voice disorder sometimes associated with fluctuating airflow. We speculated unstable airflow could affect the estimation of subglottal pressure and laryngeal airway resistance. Oral pressure and airflow were collected from 10 subjects with SD and 10 control subjects during repetition of /pi/. The coefficient of variation (COV) of airflow during vowel production was calculated to quantify stability of airflow. The results indicated that although some SD subjects produced steady flows during the syllable repetition task, others exhibited substantially varying flows. Inability on the part of the subject to attain steady flows could compromise the usefulness of a midpoint measure of airflow and/or estimation of subglottal pressure, resulting in sources of error in estimation of laryngeal airway resistance. As a result, of the 10 subjects with SD in this study, laryngeal airway resistance could not be estimated in 6 subjects with unsteady flows. Laryngeal airway resistance was estimated in 4 SD subjects who produced steady airflow. Two of these subjects exhibited high laryngeal airway resistance; the others exhibited normal laryngeal airway resistance.

Laryngeal Manifestations of Autoimmune Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-456
Author(s):  
Jenny L. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Laryngeal Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
Referral Practices ◽  
Timely Referral

Purpose This review article provides an overview of autoimmune diseases and their effects on voice and laryngeal function. Method A literature review was conducted in PubMed. Combinations of the following keywords were used: “autoimmune disease and upper airway,” “larynx,” “cough,” “voice,” “dysphonia,” and “dyspnea.” Precedence was given to articles published in the past 10 years due to recent advances in this area and to review articles. Ultimately, 115 articles were included for review. Results Approximately 81 autoimmune diseases exist, with 18 of those highlighted in the literature as having laryngeal involvement. The general and laryngeal manifestations of these 18 are discussed in detail, in addition to the clinical implications for a laryngeal expert. Conclusions Voice, breathing, and cough symptoms may be an indication of underlying autoimmune disease. However, these symptoms are often similar to those in the general population. Appropriate differential diagnosis and timely referral practices maximize patient outcomes. Guidelines are provided to facilitate correct diagnosis when an autoimmune disease is suspected.

Airway Resistance during Esophageal Phonation

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Weinberg ◽  
Yoshiyuki Horii ◽  
Eric Blom ◽  
Mark Singer
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Voice Restoration ◽  
Esophageal Speech ◽  
Airways Resistance ◽  
Restoration Method

Prosthesis airway resistance calculations were completed for five Blom-Singer prostheses and esophageal source airway resistance estimated were made of five laryngectomized patients using the Singer-Blom voice restoration method. Airway resistance of the Blom-Singer prostheses ranged from 46 to 121 cmH 2 O/LPS, while source airways resistance in these subjects ranged from about 155 to 270 cmH 2 O/LPS. These results revealed that the opposition of the voicing sources used in esophageal speech production to airflow through them is substantial and larger than that established for the normal, laryngeal source. Findings are interpreted to highlight major advantages the Singer-Blom (1980) method of speech/voice restoration has over esophageal speech/voice produced on a conventional basis and to reveal specific reasons for the failure of may laryngectomized patients to develop consistent voice and functionally serviceable speech.

Modulations in Respiratory and Laryngeal Activity Associated With Changes in Vocal Intensity During Speech

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 934-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Finnegan ◽  
Erich S. Luschei ◽  
Henry T. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Respiratory Drive ◽  
Tracheal Pressure ◽  
Vocal Intensity ◽  
Laryngeal Airway

We tested the hypothesis that different strategies are used to alter tracheal pressure (P t ) during sustained and transient increases in intensity. It has been suggested that the respiratory system plays the primary role in P t changes associated with alteration in overall intensity, whereas laryngeal adjustment is primary for transient change in P t related to emphasis. Tracheal pressure, obtained via tracheal puncture, airflow (U), and laryngeal electromyography from the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA EMG) were collected from 6 subjects during sentence production at different intensity levels and with various stress patterns. Using a technique described in a previous study, we computed lower airway resistance (R law ) from measures of P t and U obtained during a sudden change in upper airway resistance. We used this resistance value, together with direct measures of P t and U during speech, to derive a time-varying measure of alveolar pressure (P a ), the pressure created by respiratory muscle activity and elastic recoil of the lungs. P a provided a measure of respiratory drive that was unaffected by laryngeal activity. Laryngeal airway resistance (R lx ) and TA EMG provided measures of laryngeal activity. The results of this study indicated that, contrary to the outcome predicted by the hypothesis, there was no difference in the strategies used to alter P t during sustained and transient increases in intensity. Although changes in both P a and R lx contributed to increase in P t , the contribution of P a was substantially greater. On average, P a contributed to 94% and R lx to 6% of the increase in P t associated with vocal intensity. A secondary purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which laryngeal muscle activity was related to R lx during speech. We found TA EMG activity increased with intensity but was not well correlated with R lx , suggesting that when it contracts, the TA muscle may affect intensity by loosening the cover, which allows for greater amplitude of vocal fold vibration, without necessarily increasing laryngeal airway resistance.

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