“I Can See What You’re Saying”: Clinical Utility of Spectral Moment Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Kerry Callahan Mandulak
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Moment Analysis ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Spectral Moment ◽  
Clinical Measure ◽  
Perceptual Analysis ◽  
Disordered Speech

Spectral moment analysis (SMA) is an acoustic analysis tool that shows promise for enhancing our understanding of normal and disordered speech production. It can augment auditory-perceptual analysis used to investigate differences across speakers and groups and can provide unique information regarding specific aspects of the speech signal. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the utility of SMA as a clinical measure for both clinical speech production assessment and research applications documenting speech outcome measurements. Although acoustic analysis has become more readily available and accessible, clinicians need training with, and exposure to, acoustic analysis methods in order to integrate them into traditional methods used to assess speech production.

scholarly journals Supra-Segmental Changes in Speech Production as a Result of Spectral Feedback Degradation: Comparison with Lombard Speech

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth D. Casserly ◽  
Yeling Wang ◽  
Nicholas Celestin ◽  
Lily Talesnick ◽  
David B. Pisoni
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Lombard Effect ◽  
Speech Feedback ◽  
Spectral Feedback

Perturbations to acoustic speech feedback have been typically localized to specific phonetic characteristics, for example, fundamental frequency (F0) or the first two formants (F1/F2), or affect all aspects of the speech signal equally, for example, via the addition of background noise. This paper examines the consequences of a more selective global perturbation: real-time cochlear implant (CI) simulation of acoustic speech feedback. Specifically, we examine the potential similarity between speakers’ response to noise vocoding and the characteristics of Lombard speech. An acoustic analysis of supra-segmental characteristics in speaking rate, F0 production, and voice amplitude revealed changes that paralleled the Lombard effect in some domains but not others. Two studies of speech intelligibility complemented the acoustic analysis, finding that intelligibility significantly decreased as a result of CI simulation of speaker feedback. Together, the results point to differences in speakers’ responses to these two superficially similar feedback manipulations. In both cases we see a complex, multi-faceted behavior on the part of talkers. We argue that more instances of global perturbation and broader response assessment are needed to determine whether such complexity is present in other feedback manipulations or if it represents a relatively rare exception to the typical compensatory feedback response.

scholarly journals Interlingual Interactions Elicit Performance Mismatches Not “Compromise” Categories in Early Bilinguals: Evidence from Meta-Analysis and Coronal Stops

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Joseph V. Casillas
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Cumulative Evidence

Previous studies attest that some early bilinguals produce the sounds of their languages in a manner that is characterized as “compromise” with regard to monolingual speakers. The present study uses meta-analytic techniques and coronal stop data from early bilinguals in order to assess this claim. The goal was to evaluate the cumulative evidence for “compromise” voice-onset time (VOT) in the speech of early bilinguals by providing a comprehensive assessment of the literature and presenting an acoustic analysis of coronal stops from early Spanish–English bilinguals. The studies were coded for linguistic and methodological features, as well as effect sizes, and then analyzed using a cross-classified Bayesian meta-analysis. The pooled effect for “compromise” VOT was negligible (β = −0.13). The acoustic analysis of the coronal stop data showed that the early Spanish–English bilinguals often produced Spanish and English targets with mismatched features from their other language. These performance mismatches presumably occurred as a result of interlingual interactions elicited by the experimental task. Taken together, the results suggest that early bilinguals do not have “compromise” VOT, though their speech involves dynamic phonetic interactions that can surface as performance mismatches during speech production.

scholarly journals Impact of levodopa treatment in the voice pattern of Parkinson’s disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

CoDAS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Pinho ◽  
Larissa Monteiro ◽  
Maria Francisca de Paula Soares ◽  
Lorena Tourinho ◽  
Ailton Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Levodopa Therapy ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Perceptual Analysis ◽  
Vocal Intensity

Abstract Purpose Investigate the association between levodopa therapy and vocal characteristics in Parkinson’s disease patients. Search strategy Studies published at MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO, from 1960 to December 2016. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the following keywords: Parkinson’s disease; levodopa; L-dopa; voice; speech disorders; dysphonia; dysarthria. After analyzing titles and abstracts, two independent reviewers selected all clinical trials that met the eligibility criteria and selected the articles and the data recorded in a previously standardized table. Selection criteria Trials published in English between 1960 and December 2016 individuals with clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease; use of levodopa therapy in stable doses; acoustic analysis combined or not with auditory-perceptual analysis to evaluate the vocal parameters under investigation. Data analysis The following vocal parameters were analyzed: fundamental frequency (F 0), jitter, and vocal intensity. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis V2 software. Results Nine articles met the eligibility criteria and were selected, with a total of 119 individuals. From these, six articles with 83 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. During the levodopa therapy “on” state, modifications in F 0 (SMD=0.39; 95% CI - 0.21-0.57) and jitter (SMD=0.23; 95% CI - 0.02-0.45) were observed. Vocal intensity was not affected (SMD=0.09; 95% CI - 0.22-0.39) by levodopa ingestion. Data of the included studies were controversial in the auditory-perceptual analysis of voice. Conclusion Levodopa therapy modifies F0 and jitter. No changes in vocal intensity were observed in either the “on” or “off” states of levodopa therapy.

Distinctive Features in Speech Pathology: Phonology or Phonemics?

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Parker
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
Generative Theory ◽  
Speech Science ◽  
The One

Distinctive feature is not a unique concept within linguistic theory. It has two distinct theoretical bases: phonemic theory and generative theory. Phonemic theory assumes a direct correspondence between distinctive features (the elements of phonemes) and the speech signal. Although this assumption can be shown to be incorrect, it seems to be the one most widely held in speech science. Generative theory, on the other hand, assumes no such direct relation and consequently can account for certain linguistic phenomena that phonemic theory cannot. This theory then seems to be preferable to phonemic theory for a featural analysis of misarticulation. However, there is a problem. Chomsky and Halle’s system (generative theory) as it stands does not deal with the link between what it conceives to be the lowest level of linguistic structure (the phonetic matrix) and speech production. Therefore, Chomsky and Halle’s distinctive features cannot be applied fruitfully to all instances of misarticulation. The discrepancy that exists between phonological structure and the speech signal must be accounted for in a theory of speech production. This can be accomplished by recognizing a production matrix below the phonetic matrix, where segments are described in terms of production features. The crucial point is that no one-to-one relationship necessarily exists between distinctive features and production features.

Observing the link between speech production and speech perception from disordered speech

2000 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 2508-2508
Author(s):  
Emily Q. Wang ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Katie Kompoliti ◽  
Christopher G. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Disordered Speech

scholarly journals Characterizing the Variability and Extremes of the Stratospheric Polar Vortices Using 2D Moment Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1194-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Mitchell ◽  
Andrew J. Charlton-Perez ◽  
Lesley J. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Value Theory ◽  
Planetary Wave ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Extreme Value ◽  
Moment Analysis ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Sudden Stratospheric Warming ◽  
Extreme Variability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Moment

Abstract The mean state, variability, and extreme variability of the stratospheric polar vortices, with an emphasis on the Northern Hemisphere (NH) vortex, are examined using two-dimensional moment analysis and extreme value theory (EVT). The use of moments as an analysis tool gives rise to information about the vortex area, centroid latitude, aspect ratio, and kurtosis. The application of EVT to these moment-derived quantities allows the extreme variability of the vortex to be assessed. The data used for this study are 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) potential vorticity fields on interpolated isentropic surfaces that range from 450 to 1450 K. Analyses show that the most extreme vortex variability occurs most commonly in late January and early February, consistent with when most planetary wave driving from the troposphere is observed. Composites around sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events reveal that the moment diagnostics evolve in statistically different ways between vortex splitting events and vortex displacement events, in contrast to the traditional diagnostics. Histograms of the vortex diagnostics on the 850-K (~10 hPa) surface over the 1958–2001 period are fitted with parametric distributions and show that SSW events constitute the majority of data in the tails of the distributions. The distribution of each diagnostic is computed on various surfaces throughout the depth of the stratosphere; it shows that in general the vortex becomes more circular with higher filamentation at the upper levels. The Northern and Southern Hemisphere (SH) vortices are also compared through the analysis of their respective vortex diagnostics, confirming that the SH vortex is less variable and lacks extreme events compared to the NH vortex. Finally, extreme value theory is used to statistically model the vortex diagnostics and make inferences about the underlying dynamics of the polar vortices.

scholarly journals Acoustic and hearing-perceptual voice analysis in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease in "on" and "off" stages

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 706-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Lara M Santos ◽  
Larissa Oliveira dos Reis ◽  
Iara Bassi ◽  
Clara Guzella ◽  
Francisco Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Perceptual Analysis ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Vocal Quality

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the voice quality of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, at the "on" and "off" moments of the disease. METHOD: Five individuals with Parkinson's disease and five of the control group were assessed. All of them underwent the recording of voice and speech. The acoustic parameters analyzed were: fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, harmonic noise proportion and index of tremor, besides performing the hearing-perceptual analysis by means of GRBASI scale. The findings were analyzed using statistics through t test and the level of significance adopted was p<0.05. RESULTS: There was no difference in the acoustic parameters in the three analyzed groups. In the hearing-perceptual analysis, patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease showed altered voice quality and the ones from the control group, neutral vocal quality. CONCLUSION: Patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease present rough, breathy and unstable vocal quality in both stages. In the acoustic analysis, there are no differences in the studied parameters.

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