scholarly journals The Nature of Nasal Fricatives: Articulatory-Perceptual Characteristics and Etiologic Considerations

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Turbulent Airflow ◽  
Perceptual Characteristics

Nasal fricatives (NFs) are unusual, maladaptive articulations used by children both with and without palatal anomalies to replace oral fricatives. Nasal fricatives vary in articulatory, aerodynamic, and acoustic-perceptual characteristics with two generally distinct types recognized. One type is produced with velopharyngeal (VP) constriction that results in turbulent nasal airflow and, frequently, tissue vibration (flutter) at the VP port. Trost (1981) described these as posterior NFs that have a distinctive snorting quality. A second type of NF is produced without significant VP constriction resulting in turbulent airflow generated at the anterior liminal valve of the nose. Of importance, both types are “active” alternative articulations in that the speaker occludes the oral cavity to direct all airflow through the nose (Harding & Grunwell, 1998). It is this oral gesture that differentiates NFs from obligatory (or passive) nasal air escape that may sound similar due to incomplete VP closure. The purpose of this article is to (1) describe the articulatory, aerodynamic, and acoustic-perceptual nature of NFs, and (2) propose a theoretical framework for the acquisition of NFs by children both with and without cleft palate.

scholarly journals MIXED GLIAL CHORISTOMA OF TONGUE AND GASTRO-INTESTINAL HETEROTOPIA OF ORAL CAVITY IN A NEWBORN WITH CLEFT PALATE

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (21) ◽  
pp. 5748-5752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Rao S ◽  
Jyothsna B ◽  
Sana Salim Khan ◽  
Sravanthi M ◽  
Prasad C N
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cleft Palate

scholarly journals Onset of the acquired potentiality for fusion in the palatal shelves of rats

Development ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
M. Pourtois
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Palate Development

This paper is concerned with that phase of palate development in rats leading to fusion of the shelves in the midline. Previous experimentation in palate development in mammals has encompassed both the earlier phase of assumption of the horizontal position of the palatal shelves, and the subsequent approximation and fusion of the shelves. Since the two processes do not occur simultaneously and can theoretically be studied separately, it was possible and feasible to confine the experiment to the later fusion phase. The present research was designed to eliminate the possible confounding effects of palate rotation in vitro on the fusion of the shelves by approximation of the explanted palatal shelves in the same horizontal plane, irrespective of their original positions in the oral cavity. Current theories of cleft palate pathogenesis hold that either the palatal shelves fail to assume (rotate to) the horizontal position, or, that having done so, they fail to fuse.

Perceptual Evaluation of Speech and Velopharyngeal Function in Children with and without Cleft Palate and the Relationship to Nasal Airflow Patterns

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Dotevall ◽  
Anette Lohmander-Agerskov ◽  
Hasse Ejnell ◽  
Björn Bake
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Velopharyngeal Function ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives The aim was to study the relationship between perceptual evaluation of speech variables related to velopharyngeal function and the pattern of nasal airflow during the velopharyngeal closing phase in speech in children with and without cleft palate. Participants Fourteen children with cleft lip and palate or cleft palate only and 15 controls aged 7 and 10 years. All were native Swedish speakers. Method Three experienced listeners performed a blinded perceptual speech evaluation. Nasal airflow was transduced with a pneumotachograph attached to a nasal mask. The duration from peak to 5% nasal airflow, maximum flow declination rate, and nasal airflow at selected points in time during the transition from nasal to stop consonants in bilabial and velar articulatory positions in sentences were estimated. The analysis was focused on the perceptual ratings of “velopharyngeal function” and “hypernasality.” Results A strong association was found between ratings of “velopharyngeal function” and “hypernasality” and the pattern of nasal airflow during the bilabial nasal-to-stop combination /mp/. Both the sensitivity and specificity were 1.00 for the bilabial temporal airflow measure in relation to ratings of “velopharyngeal function.” The nasal airflow rate during /p/ in /mp/ had a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.92 to 0.96 in relation to ratings of “hypernasality.” Conclusion Assessment of the nasal airflow dynamics during the velopharyngeal closing phase in speech presents quantitative, objective data that appear to distinguish between perceptually normal and deviant velopharyngeal function with high sensitivity and specificity.

Speech and Resonance Disorders Related to Cleft Palate and Velopharyngeal Dysfunction: A Guide to Evaluation and Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann W. Kummer
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Practical Information ◽  
Nasal Emission ◽  
Structural Anomalies

Children with speech and/or resonance disorders due to structural anomalies present challenges for speech-language pathologists in all settings. The purpose of this article is to provide current, practical information regarding the evaluation and treatment of children with speech/resonance disorders secondary to cleft palate and noncleft causes of velopharyngeal dysfunction. Simple “no-tech” procedures for assessment will be described so that the reader will be able to determine which children will benefit from therapy and which will require surgical intervention. Finally, specific speech therapy techniques will be given for changing placement from the pharynx to the oral cavity, thus eliminating phoneme-specific nasal emission.

A neonate with cleft palate and a fetal mass in the oral cavity: A rare case of an oral fetus-in-fetu

2007 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1617-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Aslanabadi ◽  
Robert J. Spinner ◽  
Sina Zarrintan ◽  
Babollah Ghasemi ◽  
Yalda Jabbari-Moghaddam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Fetus In Fetu

Nasal Airflow Patterns during the Velopharyngeal Closing Phase in Speech in Children with and without Cleft Palate

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Dotevall ◽  
Hasse Ejnell ◽  
Björn Bake
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: (1) To study the nasal airflow patterns during the velopharyngeal closing phase in speech produced by children with and without cleft palate. (2) To compare the nasal airflow patterns in bilabial, dental, and velar articulation in these children. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study of a consecutive series of children with cleft palate referred for routine speech evaluation and controls. Setting: Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Participants: Seventeen children with cleft lip and palate or cleft palate only and 22 controls aged 7 and 10 years. Method: Nasal airflow was transduced with a pneumotachograph attached to a nose mask and registered together with the acoustic speech signal. Sentences containing nasal-to-stop combinations in bilabial, dental, and velar articulatory positions were used. Main Outcomes Measures: The duration from peak to 5% nasal airflow, the maximum flow declination rate, and the nasal airflow at selected points in time during the transition from nasal-to-stop consonants. Results: In the cleft palate group, duration from peak to 5% nasal airflow was clearly longer than among the controls (p < .0001). The declination of airflow was slower (p < .006) and the rate of nasal airflow at the release of the stop consonant was higher (p < .004) in the cleft palate group. Differences between bilabial versus dental and velar articulation were found in the control group. Conclusion: Studies of the temporal and dynamic characteristics of the nasal airflow variations during speech appear potentially useful for the assessment of velopharyngeal function.

NUMERICAL STUDY OF MUCOUS LAYER EFFECTS ON NASAL AIRFLOW

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih Fang Lee ◽  
Kamarul Arifin Ahmad ◽  
Rushdan Ismail ◽  
Suzina Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Mucous Layer ◽  
Turbulent Airflow ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

The aim of this study is to visualize and analyze the mucous layer effects towards the nasal airflow. Mucous layer had been neglected in previous works as it is considered a very thin layer along the nasal passageway. This paper discussed the effects in nasal airflow caused by the micrometer changes of the mucous layer thickness along the nasal passageway. Differences in maximum velocities caused by the mucous layer and visualization of the nasal airflow were studied. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to study three-dimensional nasal cavity of an adult Malaysian female. Six different models with various thickness of mucous layer within the range of 5–50 μm were implemented in the analysis with mass flow rate of 7.5 and 20 L/min. Mucous layer is assumed to be uniform, solid, and also stationary for this study. The results from all the six models were compared with the model with non-mucous effects. Based on both laminar and turbulent airflow simulations, it is shown that the addition of mucous layer thickness in analysis increased the maximum velocities at the four cross sections along the nasal cavity.

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