World Health Organization Community Emergency Preparedness: A Manual for Managers and Policy-Makers

The unfortunate arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic has also brought along with it a tsunami of information that can be both authentic and important as well as non-reliable and misguiding. The World Health Organization (WHO) coins this outburst of information in this era of pandemic as an infodemic. It becomes essential for societies to consume and act on trusted information in these times of uncertainty and grief. In this article, we describe and assess the role of blockchain technology and its features to establish an environment of a trusted information ecosystem. We present an equivalence mapping of these important parameters to curb an infodemic with blockchain technology features and applications. This equivalence mapping provides a directional sense to stakeholders, decision-makers, policy-makers and investors to gauge and synthesize the potential of blockchain technology for tackling an infodemic.

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Peter Chew Formula for maximum positive rate based on Covid19 mutant (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.32113 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Chew

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Mutation Detection ◽

Transmission Rate ◽

World Health ◽

Policy Makers ◽

High Infection ◽

Positive Rate ◽

Health Organization ◽

Different Levels ◽

Specific Country

BACKGROUND A higher positive rate indicates that a country has more undetected covid-19 carriers. Every country needs to increase their testing to minimize the positive rate. By increasing the covid-19 test to detect more undetected covid-19 carriers and isolate them to prevent them from infecting others, thereby reducing the number of undetected covid-19 carriers in the country. Since the new covid-19 mutants usually have a higher transmission rate, the maximum positive rate must be lower to ensure that the undetected virus covid-19 carriers are low and the country is controlled OBJECTIVE Since different countries have different covid-19 mutants, different covid-19 mutants have different levels of transmission. Therefore, each country must have a specific maximum positive rate based on its country’s covid-19 mutant. So, a general formula must be created to determine the maximum positive rate for each country based on its country’s covid-19 mutant. METHODS According to criteria published by World Health Organization (WHO) in May 2020, a positive rate of less than 5% covid-19 test is one indicator that the epidemic is under control in a country and the maximum positive rate is inversely proportional to the transmission rate of the covid-19 mutant. By using inversely proportional method, we get P_max= = x/(〖20 (T〗_mutant)) , where P_max=Maximum Positive rate, T_mutant= Transmission mutation covid-19 and x = transmission rate mutant as of may 2020. RESULTS By using the Peter Chew formula to calculate the maximum positive rate of Covid-19 mutants, P_max = x/(〖20 (T〗_mutant)) , each country can calculate a more specific country maximum positive rate, based on Covid -19 Mutation detection in their country. In addition, if a country finds a new highly infectious covid-19 mutant. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that a covid-19 positive rate of less than 5% is not suitable for the mentioned country. For example, if a new highly infectious Covid-19 mutant is detected in some countries, it is 10 times more infectious than the Beta variant. By using Peter Chew’s formula to calculate the maximum positive rate of Covid-19 mutants, we can calculate the maximum positive rate for that particular country, which is 0.5%. CONCLUSIONS By using Peter Chew’s formula, the maximum positive rate in each country is determined based on the covid-19 mutants in each country. In addition to providing a suitable maximum positive rate for each country, it can also prevent "policy makers" in certain countries from continuing to use the wrong maximum positive rate for new mutants because they have not updated the latest information, resulting in countries continuing to maintain a high infection rate.

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Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Relief Coordination Program of the World Health Organization (Pan American Health Organization, PAHO)

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x0004485x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 1 (S1) ◽

pp. 300-301

Author(s):

Claude De Ville de Goyet

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Emergency Preparedness ◽

Disaster Relief ◽

Health Agency ◽

World Health ◽

Regional Office ◽

The World ◽

Pan American ◽

Set Up ◽

Health Organization

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has two components: (1) The Pan American Sanitary Bureau (PASB), founded in 1902, serves as the health agency affiliated with the Organization of the American States (OAS); in 1947, the PASB became the Regional office of the World Health Organization for the Americas. (2) The Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Relief Coordination office.In October 1976, the Directing Council of PAHO, “anxious that the international assistance given to countries affected by natural disasters should be better coordinated, rational, and more effective”, requested that the Director set up a “disaster unit with instructions to define the policy of the Organization, to formulate a plan of action for the various types of disasters, to make an inventory of the human and other resources available, to train the necessary personnel, to prepare and disseminate the appropriate guidelines and manuals, and to promote operational research.” In March 1977, a permanent office for Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Relief Coordination was established at PAHO Headquarters in Washington, D.C.

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Emergency Preparedness for the Health Sector and Communities—Challenges and the Way Forward

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00021208 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (S2) ◽

pp. s188-s197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Emergency Preparedness ◽

Health Sector ◽

World Health ◽

Expert Consultation ◽

World Health Assembly ◽

Governmental Organizations ◽

World Health Assembly Resolution ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

AbstractIn accordance with the World Health Assembly Resolution 58.1, the World Health Organization (WHO) convened an Expert Consultation in Geneva, Switzerland from 15–17 February 2006 to discuss and provide recommendations for enhancing emergency preparedness and capacity building at the community, country, regional, and global levels. The consultation included experts and representatives of non-governmental and inter-governmental organizations. Recommendations included a set of operational objectives and strategies for achieving them. It was recognized that emergency preparedness is part of development and that crises occur at the community level. The recommendations, therefore, were focused at the community and country levels and outlined processes by which WHO could assist countries in augmenting their abilities to cope with health emergencies. This document provides a detailed discussion of the issues addressed, the conclusions reached, and recommendations based on the conclusions.

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Summaries of selected publications from the Health Evidence Network of World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462306051440 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 506-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leena Eklund

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

World Health ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Regional Office ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Policy Issues ◽

Specific Policy ◽

Health Organization ◽

Evidence Network ◽

World Health Organization Regional

The Health Evidence Network (HEN) was established approximately 3 years ago as a service to the health policy makers in the fifty-two member states of World Health Organization (WHO) Europe. The objective of the HEN is to (i) make it easier for policy makers to access evidence-based studies in the field of health, and to (ii) provide synthesis of available evidence around specific policy issues in health.

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(A288) World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe All-Hazard Hospital Emergency Preparedness Checklist

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x1100272x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S1) ◽

pp. s80-s80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Sorensen ◽

C.P. Bayer ◽

R. Zane ◽

B. Wante ◽

G. Rockenschaub

Keyword(s):

Emergency Management ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Emergency Preparedness ◽

Critical Role ◽

World Health ◽

Hospital Emergency ◽

Regional Office ◽

Hospital Administrators ◽

Health Organization ◽

Hospital Emergency Preparedness

ObjectivesHospitals play a critical role in communities to provide essential medical care during all types of disaster. Depending on their scope and nature, disasters can lead to rapidly increasing service demand that can overwhelm the functional capacity and safety of hospitals and the health care system at large. The World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe All-Hazard Hospital Emergency Preparedness Checklist aims to assist hospital administrators and disaster managers in preparing health facilities to respond effectively to the most likely disaster scenarios.MethodsA checklist tool was developed that comprises current hospital-based emergency management principles and techniques, and integrates applications specific to hospital preparedness needs in the WHO European Region.ResultsA list of recommended actions within critical service categories is provided in a step-wise, all-hazard form for rapid implementation by hospital administrators and disaster managers in response to the most likely types of disaster.ConclusionsThe principles and recommendations provided in this tool may be used by hospitals at any level of emergency preparedness. The checklist is not intended to replace standards and protocols already defined in hospital emergency management plans. Rather, it provides recommendations to enhance existing plans in concert with national guidelines.

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