Genetic variation for carotenoid pigment content in the amphiploid
            Hordeum chilense × Triticum turgidum
            conv.
            durum

Polyploidization, or whole genome duplication (WGD), has an important role in evolution and speciation. One of the biggest challenges faced by a new polyploid is meiosis, in particular, discriminating between multiple related chromosomes so that only homologs recombine to ensure regular chromosome segregation and fertility. Here, we report the production of two new hybrids formed by the genomes of species from three different genera: a hybrid between Aegilops tauschii (DD), Hordeum chilense (HchHch), and Secale cereale (RR) with the haploid genomic constitution HchDR (n = 7× = 21); and a hybrid between Triticum turgidum spp. durum (AABB), H. chilense, and S. cereale with the constitution ABHchR (n = 7× = 28). We used genomic in situ hybridization and immunolocalization of key meiotic proteins to establish the chromosome composition of the new hybrids and to study their meiotic behavior. Interestingly, there were multiple chromosome associations at metaphase I in both hybrids. A high level of crossover (CO) formation was observed in HchDR, which shows the possibility of meiotic recombination between the different genomes. We succeeded in the duplication of the ABHchR genome, and several amphiploids, AABBHchHchRR, were obtained and characterized. These results indicate that recombination between the genera of three economically important crops is possible.

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Improving durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) grain yellow pigment content through plant breeding

Ciencia e investigación agraria ◽

10.4067/s0718-16202013000300002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 475-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Albert Schulthess ◽

Andrés R Schwember

Keyword(s):

Plant Breeding ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Yellow Pigment ◽

Pigment Content ◽

Yellow Pigment Content

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Cytology and morphology of the amphiploid Hordeum chilense � triticum turgidum conv. Durum

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/bf00028329 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 261-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

A. Martin ◽

E. Sanchez-Mongelaguna

Keyword(s):

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Hordeum Chilense

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Chromosome instability in intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum× tritordeum (amphiploid Hordeum chilense×Triticum turgidum) with high dosage of Ph1 gene of wheat

Hereditas ◽

10.1111/j.1601-5223.1991.tb00334.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 114 (3) ◽

pp. 271-276

Author(s):

R. VIEIRA ◽

T. MELLO-SAMPAYO ◽

A. QUEIROZ ◽

L. MORAIS ◽

W. S. VIEGAS

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Chromosome Instability ◽

Intergeneric Hybrids ◽

Hordeum Chilense ◽

Ph1 Gene

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The quantitative relations between variation in red eye pigment and related pteridine compounds inDrosophila melanogaster

Genetics Research ◽

10.1017/s0016672300001385 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 65-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ilse B. Barthelmess ◽

Forbes W. Robertson

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Pigment Content ◽

Red Pigment ◽

Base Population ◽

Stock Selection ◽

Metabolic Pattern ◽

Red Eye ◽

Genetic Behaviour ◽

Selection For

SUMMARYThe relations between the quantity of red eye pigment and related pteridine compounds ofDrosophila melanogasterhave been studied in a variety of genotypes, which include strains selected for high or low pigment content, various derivatives of these lines and also lines in which one or other of the major autosome pairs were represented by homozygous chromosome pairs, derived by random sampling from the base population and also inbred lines. The quantity of red pigment was defined by the optical density when whole heads were extracted in a suitable solvent, while the pteridines were separated by chromatography and their amounts estimated by means of their characteristic fluorescence.The evidence from selection, inbreeding and chromosome sampling from the base population demonstrated the presence of substantial genetic variation for pigment content and amounts of related pteridines.The genetic and biochemical properties of the selected lines differed according to the direction of selection. High lines remained heterozygous after many generations of selection and displayed dominance and epistasis in favour of higher pigment content in crosses to the unselected stock. Selection for low pigment content led to fixation of recessive effects, attributable to particular chromosomes. The dominance-recessive relationship in red pigment differences was also applicable to the associated pteridines.The metabolic pattern in all lines with reduced pigment content is compatible with the assumption of reduced enzyme activity at particular steps of the pathway leading to the drosopterins (red eye pigments). The two steps accessible to study are subject to genetic variation in the base population, while inbreeding or selection for low pigment content leads to genetically fixed alterations at one or other of these steps. The genetic analysis was consistent with the biochemical evidence.Increase in pigment content above the normal level, either by selection or chance fixation, is accompanied by correlated increase in all the precursors. Several alternatives are possible but it is suggested that this may be due to an increase in early precursors, before the stages which have been altered in the low pigment lines.Attention is drawn to the similarity in genetic behaviour between pigment content and body size. Particular emphasis is laid on the value of selection as a means of creating biochemical differences which offer a basis for relating biochemical function and genetic behaviour.

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