Possibilities for preventing recurrent calcium stone formation: principles for the metabolic evaluation of patients with calcium stone disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G. Tiselius
Keyword(s):  
Stone Formation ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Metabolic Evaluation ◽  
Calcium Stone

scholarly journals METABOLIC EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT AND MULTIPLE RENAL STONES: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Jyothi Sujatha Shibulal ◽  
Chidambaram Dhandapani ◽  
Kuppurajan Narayanasamy
Keyword(s):  
Renal Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Metabolic Evaluation ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Acidic Urine

ABSTRACTObjective: Renal stone disease has become an important clinical condition worldwide, and it results from a combination of several factors whichare biochemical, epidemiologic, and genetic in origin. Preventive measures are very important concerning stone disease and these measures greatlydepend on the type of stones. Performing a metabolic evaluation of stone patients to identify metabolic abnormality, if any, and treating the same helpsreduce the recurrence of stones. To identify and correct the metabolic risk factors of patients presenting with either recurrent, bilateral, or multiplestones and thereby reduce the recurrence of stones.Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study, including collection of essential data of 100 patients and analyzing them for any metabolicabnormality.Results: Out of the 100 patients, 73 were males and 27 were females. The frequency of stone formation was high in the age group 51-60, eventhough age is not a significant factor. Only 55 patients underwent metabolic evaluation, in which 23 patients (41.8%) had a metabolic abnormality.The common abnormality found in this geographical area was hyperuricosuria (29.1%) followed by hypercalciuria (7.3%). Hypercalciuria was notstatistically significant, but hyperuricosuria and acidic urine pH were significant factors that contribute to stone formation.Conclusion: Metabolic evaluation is a must for renal stone patients which greatly help reduce the risk of stone recurrence. Hyperuricemia wasobserved to be the major abnormality followed by hypercalciuria. Acidic urine pH and low urine volume were other significant risk factors.Keywords: Nephrolithiasis, Metabolic evaluation, Hyperuricosuria, Hypercalciuria.

Evaluation of stone formers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqas Iqbal ◽  
Ghalib Jibara ◽  
Michael E. Lipkin ◽  
Glenn M. Preminger
Keyword(s):  
Stone Formation ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Metabolic Evaluation ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Recurrent Stone ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Urolithiasis is among the most common urologic disorders with high incidence and recurrence rates. High environmental temperatures, prevalence of the Western diet, obesity, age, gender, and race are among the common risk factors associated with this disease. The primary goal of evaluating these patients is to provide a simple, economic, and effective workup, which yields information that is directly applicable to providing relevant medical preventative measures. The management of urolithiasis requires a relevant history, targeted physical exam, appropriate chemistry, urinary and stone analyses results, radiological imaging to accurately identify number, location, and size of stones, as well as a metabolic evaluation. All stone formers whether single or recurrent should have a basic evaluation to identify any factors that may predispose to recurrent stone formation. Comprehensive metabolic evaluations are offered to patients at increased risk of recurrence or morbidity from stone disease, or have difficult to treat stones.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Kidney Stone Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Roswitha Siener
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Nutrition And Diet

The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing worldwide. The recurrence rate of urinary stones is estimated to be up to 50%. Nephrolithiasis is associated with increased risk of chronic and end stage kidney disease. Diet composition is considered to play a crucial role in urinary stone formation. There is strong evidence that an inadequate fluid intake is the major dietary risk factor for urolithiasis. While the benefit of high fluid intake has been confirmed, the effect of different beverages, such as tap water, mineral water, fruit juices, soft drinks, tea and coffee, are debated. Other nutritional factors, including dietary protein, carbohydrates, oxalate, calcium and sodium chloride can also modulate the urinary risk profile and contribute to the risk of kidney stone formation. The assessment of nutritional risk factors is an essential component in the specific dietary therapy of kidney stone patients. An appropriate dietary intervention can contribute to the effective prevention of recurrent stones and reduce the burden of invasive surgical procedures for the treatment of urinary stone disease. This narrative review has intended to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the role of nutrition and diet in kidney stone disease.

Pediatric Urolithiases: A Ten-Year Review

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1068-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Walther ◽  
Donald Lamm ◽  
George W. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Calculus Disease ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Sixty-one children who presented with urinary calculi between 1967 and 1977 were reviewed. The overall incidence of calculus disease in our patients was higher than reported previously from other centers in this country. Because presenting symptoms varied, a high index of suspicion was often required for diagnosis. Stones of infection were the most common type identified. Inasmuch as the recurrence rate of calculi in children was low (6.5%), careful consideration of time and cost is warrented before extensive evaluation for metabolic causes of stone formation is undertaken. Immobilization was an important factor in the etiology of stone disease. Most stones less than 5 mm in size passed without surgery.

Chemical factors important to calcium nephrolithiasis: evidence for impaired hydroxycarboxylic acid absorption causing hyperoxaluria.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
D M Cowley ◽  
B C McWhinney ◽  
J M Brown ◽  
A H Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Calcium Stone ◽  
Hydroxycarboxylic Acids ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Daily Excretion ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

Abstract An investigation of variables important to calcium stone formation in urine indicated significantly increased daily excretion of calcium and oxalate and decreased excretion of ascorbate and citrate by recurrent calcium stone formers. In addition, urine volume, sodium, mucopolysaccharide, and protein were also significantly increased. We compared the uptake of citrate and ascorbate from the gut into the blood in normal controls and stone formers. These studies indicated significantly depressed absorption of both these hydroxycarboxylic acids in recurrent calcium stone formers. We also found that concurrent administration of citrate inhibited ascorbate absorption and increased urinary oxalate excretion after an ascorbate load in normal subjects and stone formers. These findings suggest a mechanism that explains hyperoxaluria in stone patients on the basis of a malabsorption of citrate, ascorbate, and possibly other hydroxycarboxylic acids.

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