fluid intake
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Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Jianfen Zhang ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Shufang Liu ◽  
Songming Du ◽  
Guansheng Ma

The body’s water and sodium balances are tightly regulated and monitored by the brain. Few studies have explored the relationship between water and salt intake, and whether sodium intake with different levels of fluid intake leads to changes in hydration status remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the patterns of water intake and hydration status among young adults with different levels of daily salt intakes. Participants’ total drinking fluids and water from food were determined by a 7-day 24-h fluid intake questionnaire for 7 days (from Day 1 to Day 7) and duplicate portion method (Day 5, Day 6 and Day 7). Urine of 24 h for 3 days (Day 5, Day 6 and Day 7) was collected and tested for the osmolality, the urine-specific gravity (USG), the concentrations of electrolytes, pH, creatinine, uric acid and the urea. The fasting blood samples for 1 day (Day 6) were collected and measured for the osmolality and the concentrations of electrolytes. The salt intakes of the participants were evaluated from the concentrations of Na of 24 h urine of 3 days (Day 5, Day 6 and Day 7). Participants were divided into four groups according to the quartile of salt intake, including the low salt intake (LS1), LS2, high salt intake (HS1) and HS2 groups. In total, 156 participants (including 80 male and 76 female young adults) completed the study. The salt intakes were 7.6, 10.9, 14.7 and 22.4 g among participants in the four groups (LS1, LS2, HS1 and HS2 groups, respectively), which differed significantly in all groups (F = 252.020; all p < 0.05). Compared to the LS1 and LS2 groups, the HS2 group had 310–381, 250–358 and 382–655 mL more amounts of water from the total water intake (TWI), total drinking fluids and water from food (all p < 0.05), respectively. Participants in the HS2 group had 384–403, 129–228 and 81–114 mL more in the water, water from dishes and staple foods, respectively, than those in the groups of LS1 and LS2 (p < 0.05). The HS2 group excreted 386–793 mL more urine than those in the groups of LS1 and LS2 (p < 0.05). However, regarding urine osmolality, the percentage of participants with optimal hydration status decreased from 41.0% in LS1 and LS2 to 25.6% in the HS2 group (p < 0.05). Participants with higher salt intake had higher TWI, total drinking fluids and water from food. Nevertheless, they had inferior hydration status. A reduction in salt intake should be encouraged among young adults to maintain optimal hydration status.


Uro ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Henry H. L. Wu ◽  
Rajkumar Chinnadurai

Urolithiasis has become more prevalent in recent years, given the rapid rise of the global geriatric population. Although factors such as ethnicity, dietary and fluid intake, co-morbidity status and age have been associated with increased incidence of urolithiasis, the links between frailty status and risks of developing urolithiasis are not yet known. In this commentary, we will explore the scale and significance of this relationship based on emerging evidence. We will review the plausible factors on how a more severe frailty status may be significantly associated with greater risks of developing urolithiasis. We will also discuss the strategies that may help to lower the incidence of urolithiasis in older and frail individuals. We hope our article will bring greater awareness on this issue and motivate further research initiatives evaluating the relationship between frailty and urolithiasis, as well as holistic prevention strategies to lower the risks of developing urolithiasis within this vulnerable population.


2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (E) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Nenni Dwi Aprianti Lubis ◽  
Fitriyani Nasution ◽  
Hidayat Hidayar ◽  
Sri Amelia ◽  
Ridwan Balatif

Overweight and obesity is one of the health problems in the world. This condition is associated with various health problems such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, chronic back pain, gallbladder disease, and cancer. Consuming adequate fluids can help you lose weight. This study aimed to determine the relationship between body fluid intake and body mass index (BMI) in Medical Faculty Universitas Sumatera Utara students. A cross-sectional study was conducted on USU Medical Faculty students from October 2020 to January 2021 with a sample of 99 people. Researchers obtained primary data obtained through reporting daily fluid intake for seven consecutive days and anthropometric measurements. Furthermore, the researchers conducted the Spearman test to determine the relationship between the two variables. Based on the characteristics of the sample, the researchers obtained 51 samples that were female (51.5%), and 48 were male (48.5%) with an average age of 20.05±1.08 years. The average fluid intake consumed was around 2070.07±654.93 mL per day, whereas 48 people in the study sample consumed less fluid below 2000 mL/day (45.5%). The classification of nutritional status of the sample based on BMI showed that 44 people had normal nutritional status (44.4%), 48 people were overweight (48.5%), and seven people were obese (7.1%). The test results showed a significant relationship between daily fluid intake and BMI (p-value = 0.007).


Author(s):  
Courteney L. Benjamin ◽  
Elliot P. Norton ◽  
Benjamin M. Shirley ◽  
Rebecca R. Rogers ◽  
Tyler D. Williams ◽  
...  

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of two fluid intake protocols on alertness and reaction time before and after fluid intake. Healthy college-age males (n = 12) followed two fluid intake protocols on separate occasions: (1) prescribed fluid (PF) and fluid restricted (FR). In PF, participants were instructed to consume 500 mL of fluid the night prior to and the morning of data collection. In FR, participants were instructed to refrain from the consumption of fluid for 12 h. To assess hydration status, urine specific gravity and urine color were measured. Participants perceived level of thirst and alertness were also recorded. Participants then completed visuomotor reaction time tests using the Dynavision LED board, using both a central visuomotor test and a peripheral visuomotor test (PVRT) prior to (1) and following (2) the ingestion of 100 mL of water. Participants displayed significantly improved PVRT in PF state as compared to FR (PF1 = 1.13 ± 0.16, PF2 = 1.04 ± 0.14; FR1 = 1.27 ± 0.27, FR2 = 1.18 ± 0.20; p = 0.038, ηp2 = 0.363). Both CVRT and PVRT improved over time, following the ingestion of 100 mL of fluid. Participants in the PF state were also significantly more alert than participants in the FR state (PF = 4 ± 2, FR = 5 ± 2; p = 0.019, ES = 0.839). Collectively, perceived alertness and PVRT were negatively impacted by FR.


Author(s):  
Fatemeh Kaseb ◽  
Zahra Motavalian ◽  
Hossein Fallahzadeh

Introduction: Water, as one of the most essential nutrients, is involved in almost all biochemical processes of the human body. Although different degrees of dehydration have various symptoms such as physical and mental decline, severe dehydration is associated with decreased survival capacity in the physiological environment of the body that can put individuals, especially the elderly, at the risk of death. The present study aimed to determine the status of fluid intake and its association with cognitive impairments in the elderly people of Naein City in 2018. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 225 randomly selected elderlies in Naein City. Data collection tools included demographic questionnaire, Mini–Mental State Examination, and 24-hour food recall questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test and chi-square via SPSS software. Results: The mean of total fluid intake was 2637.05 ± 772.35 ml / day. Among 225 participants, 36.4%, 37.3%, and 26.2% had normal, mild, and moderate cognitive impairment, respectively. Cognitive impairment had a significant relationship with gender, occupational status, level of education, marital status, and place of residence (p < 0.05). No significant relationship was observed between the mean of water consumption and cognitive impairment (p = 0.6). Conclusion: The amount of fluid intake in elderly people living in Naein City was at a satisfactory level. Since no significant relationship was observed between the amount of fluid intake and cognitive impairments and more than half of the participants had cognitive impairments, we hypothesize that other factors are  involved in  prevalent of cognitive impairment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Scotcher ◽  
Aleksandra Galetin

AbstractDosing guidance is often lacking for chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to exclusion of such patients from pivotal clinical trials. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling supports model-informed dosing when clinical data are lacking, but application of these approaches to patients with impaired renal function is not yet at full maturity. In the current study, a ganciclovir PBPK model was developed for patients with normal renal function and extended to CKD population. CKD-related changes in tubular secretion were explored in the mechanistic kidney model and implemented either as proportional or non-proportional decline relative to GFR. Crystalluria risk was evaluated in different clinical settings (old age, severe CKD and low fluid intake) by simulating ganciclovir medullary collecting duct (MCD) concentrations. The ganciclovir PBPK model captured observed changes in systemic pharmacokinetic endpoints in mild-to-severe CKD; these trends were evident irrespective of assumed pathophysiological mechanism of altered active tubular secretion in the model. Minimal difference in simulated ganciclovir MCD concentrations was noted between young adult and geriatric populations with normal renal function and urine flow (1 mL/min), with lower concentrations predicted for severe CKD patients. High crystalluria risk was identified at reduced urine flow (0.1 mL/min) as simulated ganciclovir MCD concentrations exceeded its solubility (2.6–6 mg/mL), irrespective of underlying renal function. The analysis highlighted the importance of appropriate distribution of virtual subjects’ systems data in CKD populations. The ganciclovir PBPK model illustrates the ability of this translational tool to explore individual and combined effects of age, urine flow, and renal impairment on local drug renal exposure. Graphical Abstract


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4434
Author(s):  
Roswitha Siener ◽  
Albrecht Hesse

Copious fluid intake is the most essential nutritional measure in the treatment of urolithiasis, and is suggested to be a protective factor in the primary prevention of urinary stone formation. Although the intake of black tea contributes to daily fluid intake, the high oxalate content could outweigh the beneficial effect of urine dilution. The present study investigated the effect of black tea consumption on urinary risk factors for kidney stone formation. Ten healthy men received a standardized diet for a period of ten days. Subjects consumed 1.5 L/day of fruit tea (0 mg/day oxalate) during the 5-day control phase, which was replaced by 1.5 L/day of black tea (86 mg/day oxalate) during the 5-day test phase. Fractional and 24-h urines were obtained. The intake of black tea did not significantly alter 24-h urinary oxalate excretion. Urinary citrate, an important inhibitor of calcium stone formation, increased significantly, while the relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate, uric acid, and struvite remained unchanged. No significantly increased risk for kidney stone formation could be derived from the ingestion of black tea in normal subjects. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of black tea consumption in kidney stone patients with intestinal hyperabsorption of oxalate.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Carolynn Greene ◽  
Jennie Wilson ◽  
Alison Tingle ◽  
Heather Loveday

Background/aims Older adults residing in nursing homes are vulnerable to dehydration. Residents living with dementia can experience additional challenges, making it difficult to independently consume sufficient fluids. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of hydration care for nursing home residents living with dementia. Methods Observations of hydration care were conducted between 06:00 and 22:45 on one care home unit. Twenty-two residents with dementia were eligible for observation. Conversations with staff and relatives provided further insights. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Hydration care provision was highly routinised with little flexibility. Residents received limited support to express individual choices, and staff missed opportunities to provide drinks. More fluid was consumed when care staff developed strategies to encourage fluid intake. Conclusions Key factors to optimise hydration care include providing individual support to encourage fluid intake and expression of choice, flexible care routines, and focus on communication and teamworking.


2021 ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Zaky Mubarak

Digital recording is a method that has the potential to help chronic disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis manage problems related to fluid intake. This literature review examines the mobile application intervention for hemodialysis patients, application characteristics, application, effectiveness in changing user behavior, and user satisfaction. The method used is a literature review using articles sourced from electronically based data such as EBSCO, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus with the keywords diet management, fluid status, hemodialysis in the period 2010-2021. The results are five studies describing the evaluation of changes in dietary behavior related to with self-management has a positive change impact. Conclusion: According to the current study, digital recording using an application can hold promise in hemodialysis patients' self-management of fluid intake dietary behavior.


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