Characterization of Dogs and Cats Diagnosed With Diseases of the Urinary System in 2019: Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of San Carlos De Guatemala

If determined the casuistry of diseases that affect the urinary system in dogs and cats. A retrospective study was carried out at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of San Carlos de Guatemala. It was characterizing patients with diseases of the urinary system. 1,205canine and feline medical records were evaluated in 2019. The variables breed, sex, age, pathology and geographic area were considered. The prevalence of urinary system diseases in dogs and cats in 2019 was 10.45%, 9.21% corresponding to dogs and 1.24% tocats. In both species, males had a higher frequency of urinary system disease, compared to females (dog = 58.56% and cat = 66.67%). The most common etiologies in dogs were lower urinary tract infections (24.65%), bladder urolithiasis (16.90%), and acute and chronic kidney disease (28.16%); while in cats lower urinary tract disease (100%) and kidney disease (5.26%) were the main pathologies observed. In dogs, the most affected age range was in patients older than 8 years (52.25%), while in cats it ranged from 3 to 8 years (73.34%).

Analysis of the Application Value of X-Ray Digital Tomographic Fusion Technique in Urinary System Diseases

Objective. To explore the application value of the X-ray digital tomographic fusion technique in the diagnosis of urinary system diseases. Methods. 500 patients with suspected urinary diseases in our hospital were examined by three methods: X-ray digital tomographic fusion imaging (DTS), intravenous pyelography (IVP), and abdominal plain film (KUB), and the image quality before and after tomographic fusion was objectively evaluated. The image quality could be divided into three grades: excellent, good, and poor. Results. The image excellent rate of DTS (88%) was higher than that of IVP (27.5%). The sensitivity of DTS in the diagnosis of renal cyst and space occupying of the bladder was higher than that of IVP ( P < 0.05 ). The accuracy rate of DTS in the diagnosis of urinary calculi was 93.33%, higher than 63.3% of KUB ( P < 0.001 ). The accuracy rate of DTS in the diagnosis of ureteral stricture was 90%, higher than 65% of IVP ( P = 0.03 ). The accuracy of DTS in the diagnosis of hydronephrosis was higher than that of IVP and KUB ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. In the examination of urinary system-related diseases, high-definition images can be obtained by timely using sectional fusion technology. Compared with conventional IVP, space occupying lesions such as the bladder and kidney can be displayed more clearly with the help of the tomographic fusion technique, which is helpful to improve the possibility of finding lesions and is of great significance in clinical application.

Clinical and laboratory features of the course of the urinary tract infection among children in the first three years of life at the current stage

Objective: To study main clinical and laboratory peculiarities of the course of urinary tract disease among children aged from newborns to 3 years old.Methods: Research design is a prospective controlled clinical research. 102 (60.71±3.77 %) children having urinary tract infection without accompanying abnormalities of the urinary system development were included in the first group. 66 (39.29±3.77 %) children having infection of the urinary tract amid congenital kidney defect.Results: Comparative evaluation of the results of complex examination of both groups showed that urinary tract infection is characterized by intoxication, pain and dysuric syndroms. The presence of accompanying kidneys and urinary tract abnormality development defined the latent course of the disease in every second child (59.09%) and supports the early development of renal infection (during first six months after birth).Conclusions: It’s necessary to conduct the search of diagnostics markers and predictors of the infection of the urinary tract among children of the first years of life, especially if there is an abnormality of the organs of urinary system.

INTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE OLIVE TURTLE (Lepidochelys olivacea)

In this article, the internal organs of an olive sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) were described. The autopsy was based on a methodological guide of “Virchow”. The Cardiorespiratory, Digestive, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Spleen, Genito-Urinary System, and Endocrine System systems were observed. This description of the internal organs aimed to provide practice in anatomical identification and to provide didactic information for the students of the course in veterinary medicine.

Differences in the Impact of COVID-19 on Pathology Laboratories and Cancer Diagnosis in Girona

Introduction: The recent COVID-19 pandemic has compromised socio-health care, with consequences for the diagnosis and follow-up of other pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on cancer diagnosis in Girona, Spain. Methodology: Observational study of samples received in two pathology laboratories during 2019–2020 (tertiary hospital in Girona and county hospital in Figueres). Date, sample type, and location and morphology were available. Samples were recoded to determine malignancy and grouped by location. Comparisons were made by calendar year and period of exposure to COVID-19. Results: 102,360 samples were included: 80,517 from Girona and 21,843 from Figueres. The reduction in activity in the pathology laboratories in 2020 compared to the previous year was 25.4% in Girona and 27.5% in Figueres. The reduction in cancer diagnoses in 2020 compared to 2019 was 6.8% in Girona and 21% in Figueres. In both laboratories, a decrease was observed in the diagnoses of neoplasms of the lip, oral cavity and pharynx, larynx, colon, rectum and anus, kidney and urinary system, melanoma, and central nervous system. A statistically significant higher probability of a sample received in the pathology laboratory displaying malignancy during COVID-19 was found (Girona: OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.23–1.34; Figueres: OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.20) with respect to the COVID-19-free period. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a reduction in cancer diagnoses by pathology departments that varies according to tumor location and type of hospital. Despite this, the optimization of care resources and the recovery effort have partially reduced the impact of the pandemic in certain neoplasms.

METAPHYLAXIS OF UROLITHIASIS BY VEGETABLE MEDICINES

Мочекаменная болезнь является одной из главных проблем современной урологии как наиболее часто встречающаяся патология органов мочевой системы и составляющая 30 - 50% всех больных урологических стационаров. Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение эффективности применения препарата «Фитолизин» у больных мочекаменной болезнью. В основу исследования положены результаты лечения 160 (85 женщин и 75 мужчин) пациентов, находившихся на стационарном лечение, средний возраст больных составил 42,2±12,4 года, длительность заболевания от 1-3 до 72 часов, размер конкрементов, в том числе и дезинтегрированных фрагментов после дистанционной ударно-волновой литотрипсии и контактно-лазерная литотрипсия варьировал от 0,4 до 0,8 см. Все больные были разделены на две группы. В основную группу вошли 70 больных, получавших помимо традиционной симптоматической терапии (спазмолитики и водная нагрузка) «Фитолизин» по 43 мл 3 раза в день. В контрольной группе (90 больных) проводилась только традиционная терапия. При включение в терапию препарата «Фитолизин» самостоятельное отхождение отмечено у 64(91,4%) больных, частота возникновения почечной колики имело место у 7(10%), лейкоцитурия - у 14(20%), бактериурия - у 10(15%). Применение фитопрепарата «Фитолизин» в составе комплексной терапии, является эффективным методом консервативного лечения больных мочекаменной болезнью и после после дистанционной ударно-волновой литотрипсии и контактно-лазерная литотрипсия в 90,9% случаев в отношении самостоятельного отхождения конкрементов. Urolithiasis is one of the main problems of modern urology as the most common pathology of the urinary system and makes up 30 - 50% of all patients in urological hospitals. The purpose of this study was to study the effectiveness of the use of the drug "Phytolysin" in patients with urolithiasis. The study is based on the treatment results of 160 (85 women and 75 men) patients who were hospitalized, the average age of the patients was 42.2 ± 12.4 years, the duration of the disease from 1-3 to 72 hours, the size of the stones and disintegrated fragments after remote shock wave lithotripsy and contact laser lithotripsy ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 cm. All patients were divided into two groups. The main group included 70 patients who received in addition to the traditional symptomatic therapy (antispasmodics and water load) "Phytolysin" 43 ml 3 times a day. In the control group (90 patients), only traditional therapy was performed. When "Phytolysin" was included in the therapy, independent discharge was observed in 64 (91.4%) patients, the incidence of renal colic occurred in 7 (10%), leukocyturia in 14 (20%), bacteriuria in 10 (15%). The use of the phytopreparation "Phytolysin" as a part of complex therapy is an effective method of conservative treatment of patients with urolithiasis and after remote shock-wave lithotripsy and contact laser lithotripsy in 90.9% of cases with regard to self-discharge of calculi.