Epidemiological Risk Factors in Calcium Stone-Formation

Despite the importance of dietary management of cystinuria, data on the contribution of diet to urinary risk factors for cystine stone formation are limited. Studies on the physiological effects of diet on urinary cystine and cysteine excretion are lacking. Accordingly, 10 healthy men received three standardized diets for a period of five days each and collected daily 24 h urine. The Western-type diet (WD; 95 g/day protein) corresponded to usual dietary habits, whereas the mixed diet (MD; 65 g/day protein) and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (VD; 65 g/day protein) were calculated according to dietary reference intakes. With intake of the VD, urinary cystine and cysteine excretion decreased by 22 and 15%, respectively, compared to the WD, although the differences were not statistically significant. Urine pH was significantly highest on the VD. Regression analysis showed that urinary phosphate was significantly associated with cystine excretion, while urinary sulfate was a predictor of cysteine excretion. Neither urinary cystine nor cysteine excretion was affected by dietary sodium intake. A lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet is particularly suitable for the dietary treatment of cystinuria, since the additional alkali load may reduce the amount of required alkalizing agents.

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Modifiable and non-modifiable epidemiological risk factors for acne, acne severity and acne scarring among Malaysian Chinese: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10681-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yee-How Say ◽

Anna Hwee Sing Heng ◽

Kavita Reginald ◽

Yi Ru Wong ◽

Keng Foo Teh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Familial History ◽

Severe Acne ◽

Epidemiological Risk ◽

Frequent Consumption ◽

Acne Scarring ◽

Malaysian Chinese

Abstract Background Acne vulgaris, a highly prevalent multifactorial inflammatory skin disease, can be categorised into different severity and scarring grades based on the type, number, and severity of lesions. While many epidemiology studies have investigated the risk factors for acne presentation, fewer studies have specifically studied the risk factors for acne severity and scarring. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence of acne, acne severity and scarring grades, and their associated non-modifiable and modifiable epidemiological risk factors among Malaysian Chinese. Methods A total of 1840 subjects (1117 cases/723 controls) completed an investigator-administered questionnaire as part of a cross-sectional study, which include socio-demographics, familial history, lifestyle factors, dietary habits, and acne history. Acne cases were further evaluated for their severity (n = 1051) and scarring (n = 1052) grades by a trained personnel. Results Majority of the acne cases (up to 69%) had mild acne or Grade 1/2 scarring, while 21.6% had moderate/severe acne and 5.5% had Grade 3/4 scarring. Males had significantly higher risk of presenting with higher grades of acne scarring. Those who had acne, regardless of severity and scarring grades, had strong positive familial history (either in parents and/or sibling). Frequent consumption (most or all days) of foods that are commonly consumed during breakfast (butter, probiotic drinks, cereals and milk) decreased the risk for acne presentation and higher acne scarring, while periodic consumption (once/twice per week) of nuts and burgers/fast food decreased the risk for higher acne severity. Alcohol drinking was significantly associated with increased risk for acne presentation, while paternal, parental and household smoking were associated with reduced risk of more severe acne. Conclusions In conclusion, positive familial history is a strong predisposing factor in influencing acne presentation, severity and scarring. Frequent consumption of foods that are commonly consumed during breakfast is protective against acne presentation.

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Incidence, Clinical and Epidemiological Risk Factors, and Outcome of Drug-Induced Hepatitis Due to Antituberculous Agents in New Tuberculosis Cases

American Journal of Therapeutics ◽

10.1097/mjt.0b013e31818f9eae ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 17-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Parvaneh Baghaei ◽

Payam Tabarsi ◽

Ehsan Chitsaz ◽

Masoumeh Saleh ◽

Majid Marjani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Epidemiological Risk

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Infant Sleep Position and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Risk: A Time For Change

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.94.1.105 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 105-107

Author(s):

Carl E. Hunt

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sudden Infant Death ◽

Sleep Position ◽

Sudden Infant ◽

Infant Sleep ◽

Public Intervention ◽

Infant Sleep Position ◽

The Us ◽

Epidemiological Risk ◽

Health Objectives

I fully support a comprehensive professional and public intervention campaign in the US to establish supine as the standard sleep position. Although other preventive health objectives can be included, the emphasis needs to be clearly focused on sleep position. Achieving the lowest possible prone prevalence rate in the US is thus the first goal of this new campaign. The second and equally important goal of the new campaign should be to utilize this opportunity to maximum advantage to enhance our knowledge regarding the epidemiological risk factors causally related to SIDS and their interactions, and the interactions between epidemiological and biological risk factors. In addition to quantifying changes in infant mortality and in infant sleep position, we will also need to characterize both the supine and the persistent prone infant groups in regard to all of the putative epidemiological risk factors for SIDS. This campaign can thus enhance our understanding of the epidemiological risk factors for SIDS as long as a significant decrease in prone prevalence can be achieved.

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OBJECTIVE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND PROGRESSION TO DEMENTIA IN WOMEN: THE PROSPECTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RISK FACTOR STUDY

Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease ◽

10.14283/jpad.2017.4 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

J. Skov Neergaard ◽

K. Dragsbæk ◽

C. Christiansen ◽

M. Asser Karsdal ◽

S. Brix ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Population Based ◽

Risk Factor Study ◽

Factor Study ◽

Epidemiological Risk ◽

Epidemiological Risk Factor ◽

History Of

Background: Identification of subjects with a progressive disease phenotype is an urgent need in the pharmaceutical industry where most of the recent clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease have failed. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify subgroups of individuals with objective cognitive impairment (OCI), who were most likely to progress to dementia and to identify the risk factors associated with progression. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Population-based. Participants: 5,380 elderly women from Denmark. Measurements: The Short Blessed Test and a category fluency test with animal naming, was used to assess cognitive function, and to classify them into different groups of OCI. Results: OCI was identified in 852 subjects at baseline. The risk of dementia was elevated for OCI subjects as compared to subjects with normal cognition (HR 1.46[1.19-1.79]). The courses of OCI were studied in a sub-cohort who completed the cognitive assessment at both the baseline and the follow-up visit (n = 1,933). Of these subjects 203 had OCI at baseline. The multi-domain subtypes of OCI were associated with progressive OCI. Subjects most likely to progress were older, physically inactive, had a higher level of total cholesterol (>6.5 mmol/L) and had a history of depression as compared to subjects with a non-progressive course of OCI. Conclusions: In this cohort we identified a risk profile associated with progression from OCI in older women. The degree of impairment at baseline was an important predictor of conversion to dementia, additionally several modifiable risk factors were associated with progression.

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