Modifiable risk factors for Type 2 diabetes mellitus in a peri-urban community in South Africa

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 946-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Levitt ◽  
K. Steyn ◽  
E. V. Lambert ◽  
G Reagon ◽  
C. J. Lombard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors

scholarly journals Correlative study of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus with haemoglobin A1c, duration of diabetes and modifiable risk factors: smoking, alcohol and BMI in adult population attending a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutan Bedi ◽  
Archana Omprakash Gulati ◽  
Gauri V. Devasthali
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Background: Diabetes is a disease, which if not controlled, affects every cell of the body from head to toe. No wonder it is often referred to as the “SILENT KILLER”. So through our study, we aim to study the correlation between (haemoglobin A1c) HbA1c levels, duration of diabetes and modifiable risk factors with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This study was conducted in 100 patients (200 eyes) who were diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A detailed history of the duration of diabetes, alcohol intake and smoking and HbA1c levels was taken. Complete ocular examination was done. BMI was also calculated.Results: 2/3rd of the eyes with grade 3 DR were of>10 years duration while 2/3rd of the eyes with grade 2 DR were of 5-10 years duration. Of the eyes with grade 3 DR, all the patients had HbA1c of more than 8. Significant p value shows strong correlation between DR and obesity. No significant correlation of DR was found with alcohol and smoking.Conclusions: The findings in our study endorse the view that duration and HbA1c are important risk factors for occurrence and severity of DR and therefore a regular follow up and good glycemic control is highly essential for the prevention of occurrence and progression of DR. Strong correlation between BMI and DR suggest that lifestyle changes play a pivotal role.

scholarly journals Life style factors associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Shrestha ◽  
Bipin Nepal ◽  
Yagya Laxmi Shakya ◽  
Binaya Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

 Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the commonest form of diabetes affecting more than 90% of the diabetic population worldwide. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its complications are increasing in the world, including developing nations like Nepal. This study aimed to determine the association between the lifestyle risk factors and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nepalese population. Methods: This is hospital based cross sectional observational study done in the urban area of Nepal. Records of clients coming for the general health checkup in Grande International Hospital were evaluated in this study. Comparisons of the lifestyle factors in participants having and not having type 2 diabetes mellitus were done. Results: Significant associations with diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 were seen in age (P ≤ 0.001), associated hypertension (P ≤ 0.001), dyslipidemia, family history of DM (P ≤ 0.001), alcohol use (P ≤ 0.001), and tobacco use (P ≤ 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of having diabetes were high in age group above 40 (OR – 6.9, CI 3.82 – 12.47), history of hypertension (OR- 3.84, CI 2.42 – 6.08), tobacco users (OR-2.26, CI 1.12 – 4.53), alcohol users (OR-3.99, CI 2.47 – 6.44), family history of DM (OR-2.44, CI 1.53 – 3.89), and abdominal obesity in both males (OR-3.9, CI 2 – 7.4) and females (OR-9.6, CI 3.78 – 24.35). Conclusions: The modifiable risk factors - obesity, smoking and alcohol use carry significant risks of developing type 2 diabetes. These red flag signs call for urgent attention to look for and rectify the modifiable risk factors in Nepalese population to prevent diabetes.

scholarly journals Study of determinants of cardiovascular morbidity among diabetes patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Subha Sankha Kundu ◽  
Kunal Kanti Majumdar ◽  
Dipankar Mukherjee ◽  
Rajib Sikder ◽  
Rituraj Dey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Background: With the change in lifestyle and behavior among individuals, the prevalence of T2DM is on rise. Many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors are attributable for the cardiovascular morbidity among the diabetics which is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among them, also increasing their burden of expenditure. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevailing factors responsible and its associate co morbidities among the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.Methods: It was a descriptive, observational and cross sectional study conducted for 30 days. 226 patients who visited the diabetes OPD of the Medical College were interviewed using a pre-designed questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, systemic and general examinations were performed. The data was analysed using suitable statistical analysis.Results: Out of 226 patients, 47.8% were suffering from cardiovascular morbidity, majority being heart failure (57.4%). Most of them were contributed 46.3% and 38.9% by age group 50-59 years (46.3%) and 60-69 years (38.9%), 55.6% were smokers and 64.4% were overweight. 70.4% complained of stress in their daily life while 48.1% were unaware of their heart conditions until checkup. 18.5% of the patients also suffered from retinopathy and 37.03% from diabetic foot ulcer. 64% of them had hypertension and 67.2% had sedentary life style.Conclusions: Many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were found associated with cardiovascular morbidity among the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. So a proper awareness and life style modifications might be necessary to decrease cardiovascular morbidity among them.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritwika Mallik ◽  
Mohammed S.B. Huda
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Community People

COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-COV-2 virus has evolved into a global crisis and is a major concern especially for the diabetes community. People with diabetes mellitus have increased morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. Conversely, COVID-19 infection and treatment may predispose to hyperglycemia. Potentially modifiable risk factors have been discussed and urgent need to mitigate the risks is warranted. In this book chapter we summarize the available evidence on COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes mellitus including link between COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, management and complications.

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