The Problem of Climate-Induced Displacement

The members of a community owe their identity to the State to which they belong which inculcates a sense of belongingness to their own community, people, and land. The loss of identity to a State due to disruptive climate change is a fear in this century. Excessive utilization and consumption of fossil fuels and non-renewable energy sources across the globe have caused unprecedented increase in global temperatures. Sudden incidents of unprecedented floods on Bhola Islands in Bangladesh, or the disappearance of the Kiribati and Lohachara Islands due to rising sea-level have forced communities to flee their own country. This has raised questions about the status of such climate migrants. Media reports have designated them as “climate refugees.” But are they really refugees? The research aims at understanding the nexus between climate change and mass displacement of communities, the status of such migrants and the International legal framework on the status of such migrants.

Community Economic Empowerment through Creative Economic Program in a Business Cooperative in Setu District, Tangerang Selatan

This study aims to determine the process and results of empowering the community's economy through the creative economy program at the Cipta Boga Multipurpose Cooperative. This research was conducted using a qualitative research approach with a descriptive type of research. The data collection techniques used, namely: observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Observations were carried out thematically about the process of community empowerment in the creative economy. Five informants were interviewed, consisting of the management of the cooperative and three program beneficiaries. The selection of informants is based on the fact that they know and are involved in empowerment activities. The documentation study was conducted by collecting data on the process and empowerment program in the creative economy sector at the cooperative. This study indicates that community economic empowerment through a paper bag training program can improve the welfare of the Kranggan village community. The Seba Usaha Cipta Boga Cooperative carries out the stages of community empowerment, starting from planning, implementation, institutionalization, and monitoring evaluation. The influence of the training program results can be seen from the behavior and economic life of the community. People get additional income, increase knowledge in entrepreneurship and get activities for entrepreneurship.

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude towards COVID-19 Vaccination among People in Selected Community of West Bengal

Several Coronaviruses have caused serious problems in humans. In early March, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. COVID-19 is a new strain of coronavirus and scientists are still collecting information and conducting research on the virus. Vaccination is the most effective strategy to protect the population from COVID-19 infection and several vaccines have been approved against the disease globally. But, the knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination among general community people are very poorly understood. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination among selected community people in West Bengal and it is observed that 66.75% people had moderate knowledge and 98.25% people had high attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination. Keywords: Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Vaccination, Knowledge and Attitude, community people.

COVID-19 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-COV-2 virus has evolved into a global crisis and is a major concern especially for the diabetes community. People with diabetes mellitus have increased morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. Conversely, COVID-19 infection and treatment may predispose to hyperglycemia. Potentially modifiable risk factors have been discussed and urgent need to mitigate the risks is warranted. In this book chapter we summarize the available evidence on COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes mellitus including link between COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, management and complications.

Tourism and Community Perception: Quest of Sustainability from Happiness Paradigm

Change is normally phenotypic and influenced by external environment however transformation is genotypic and irreversible which mostly comes from within. Social change and transformation might also be triggered by external stimulus that may be intentional or accidental. Tourism has emerged globally as one of the powerful external but intentional agents of modern society for socio-economic transformation. Namche Bazar, the gateway to Mt. Everest, experienced tremendous socio-economic transformation (genotypic) due to tourism otherwise it would simply be a seasonal resting place for Sherpa shepherds and nomads. The dichotomy of discourses on tourism lies on perspectives: tourism as a symbol of modern society or postmodernity versus tourism as a vehicle of imperialism. The former view depicts tourism as an agent of economic prosperity whereas the later claims that tourism consumes and despoils destinations’ image and essence. The imperialistic discourse on tourism is entirely built on negative hypothesis. In tourism, phenotypic impact is rather superficial and can be restored if perceived negatively unlike genotypic. Amid these positive and negative propositions, a third paradigm emerged with sustainability variant that hooked up the two juxtaposed hypotheses as an alternative model of mass tourism. It portrayed tourism as a double-edged dagger that insists on efficient and effective manipulation of tourism for positive implications. The ‘sustainable tourism’ – a buzzword among tourism academia - stands in favor of planned, managed, controlled and responsible tourism. However, the crux of sustainable tourism lies in the quantification and measurement of sustainability. A sustainability premise of a stakeholder at the destination might be unsustainable for the other as like of economists and environmentalists for example. The incongruity perspectives have troubled the tourism academia to quantify, measure and analyze the indicators of sustainable tourism from unanimous parameters. This study is, therefore, an attempt to analyze the sustainability of a tourism destination via happiness (hedonic as well as eudaemonic) parameters of the community people, one of the main stakeholders in the destination and yet do not directly thrive on tourism business. The paper is directed by a thematic proposition ‘the more the happiness level of stakeholders, the better will be the sustainability situation of the destination’.

Airway Management in COVID- 19 Patients

The first case found in 31 December 2019 in China, in Wuhan city but China reported this news to WHO in January 2020 after this corona virus can spread worldwide, and WHO declare this disease as a pandemic. As per survey now over the 4,444,670 cases of Covid-19 can identified in 188 countries globally and 1,588,858 can recovery rate of this disease worldwide. Corona virus can caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a single standard ribonucleic acid that enclose to corona virus and it is very infectious and spreading all over the world. It can be transmitted or spreading by droplets and come to direct contact with the patients compare to airborne spread. There is no any specific treatment strategy for corona virus, only supportive therapies such as respiratory care to the severe or acute patients, it’s especially in severe condition. Aim is to provide airway management to COVID 19 patients and what is the role of airway management in this patient condition. This can provide issues with the person who severely suffering from respiratory diseases in hospital settings. The COVID 19 predominantly causing infection like pneumonia. At the time of giving intervention for managing the patient with severe respiratory condition are managed by mainly tracheal intubation and forming a controlled ventilation. As far this disease condition can increase, there will be the many community people are not having any symptoms of COVID 19 but after few days or week, they showing symptoms. Then they patients come under the emergency services.

Process and Practices of Community Participation in School Education of Nepal

Formally, community participation in schools was started after the establishment of democracy. It has really a good influence on development of physical infrastructure and efficient use of local resources for school development. In this context, this article analyses the existing situation of level of participation and struggle of member of SMC experiences while they are working as authority’s persons. It is a drawing upon a grounded theory. The site and sample both are purposive and information was also collected by open-ended interview with real stakeholders. This article argues that poor language and economic status as well as lack of awareness of community people, political intervention and differences between home and school culture are subjected to what fairer terms of difficulty of community participation within schools for backward society with illustration how such problems influence on participatory decision making practice in school. This article emphasizes the need of education policy; it is obviously based on the society’s socio-economic and intellectual capacity.

AI-Powered Service Robotics for Independent Shopping Experiences by Elderly and Disabled People

Through human development and technological expansion, it has become apparent that the potential lies within each individual to have an essential part in the transcendence of society and the community. People less privileged than others may need more strength and determination to surpass their current resources to overcome normal and natural obstacles in order to simulate an environment where productivity and creativity exist. This paper aims to study an approach that will assist the elderly and people of determination in one of the most essential activities practiced by individuals: shopping. The study focuses on facilitating the acquirement of items from shelves and skipping the cashier line. The proposed system is a service robot supported by a robotic arm and a linear actuator as a lifting mechanism, controlled by a remote joystick to help the elderly or disabled people reach items on high shelves. The scanning system is based on barcode detection, using transfer learning. The network was designed using YOLOv2 layers connected to TinyYOLO as feature extraction layers. This network has proven to be the most practical, with 86.4% accuracy and real-time operation with 27 FPS in comparison to using the YOLOv2 layers with DarkNet or VGG19 as feature extraction layers. An anti-theft system is integrated into the robot to improve the reliability of the self-checkout feature. The system uses computer vision GMM and Kalman filter for item detection inside the cart, and the item is validated to be the one that has been scanned, using SURF for structural features, HSV for color, and load-sensors mounted to the base of the cart to measure the item’s weight.