The impact of energy storage devices used in conjunction with renewable embedded generators, on the protection and control system

Author(s):  
A. Cruden
Physchem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Chiara Ferrara ◽  
Riccardo Ruffo ◽  
Piercarlo Mustarelli

Extended interphases are playing an increasingly important role in electrochemical energy storage devices and, in particular, in lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries. With this in mind we initially address the differences between the concepts of interface and interphase. After that, we discuss in detail the mechanisms of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in Li-ion batteries. Then, we analyze the methods for interphase characterization, with emphasis put on in-situ and operando approaches. Finally, we look at the near future by addressing the issues underlying the lithium metal/electrolyte interface, and the emerging role played by the cathode electrolyte interphase when high voltage materials are employed.


Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2718
Author(s):  
Shujahadeen B. Aziz ◽  
M. A. Brza ◽  
Iver Brevik ◽  
M. H. Hamsan ◽  
Rebar T. Abdulwahid ◽  
...  

In this work, plasticized polymer electrolyte films consisting of chitosan, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and glycerol for utilization in energy storage devices was presented. Various microscopic, spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the concerned electrolyte and the electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) assembly. The nature of complexation between the polymer electrolyte components was examined via X-ray diffraction analysis. In the morphological study, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to investigate the impact of glycerol as a plasticizer on the morphology of films. The polymer electrolyte (conducting membrane) was found to have a conductivity of 3.21 × 10−3 S/cm. It is indicated that the number density (n), mobility (μ) and diffusion coefficient (D) of ions are increased with the glycerol amount. The mechanism of charge storing was clarified, which implies a non-Faradaic process. The voltage window of the polymer electrolyte is 2.32 V. It was proved that the ion is responsible for charge-carrying via measuring the transference number (TNM). It was also determined that the internal resistance of the EDLC assembly lay between 39 and 50 Ω. The parameters associated with the EDLC assembly are of great importance and the specific capacitance (Cspe) was determined to be almost constant over 1 to 1000 cycles with an average of 124 F/g. Other decisive parameters were found: energy density (18 Wh/kg) and power density (2700 W/kg).


Author(s):  
Darris L. White ◽  
J. E. McKisson ◽  
William C. Barott ◽  
Craig Czlapinski ◽  
Michael Kuss ◽  
...  

For the past two years, Embry-Riddle has participated in the SAE Formula Hybrid competition. As part of the competition, a team of students analyze, design, and build a fully functional hybrid-electric race car. As an academic competition, the event is designed to allow a wide variety of system configurations and fuel choices. In order to optimize the vehicle characteristics, simulate vehicle performance, and build control laws, the design team created a Simulink model of the race car. As a recently created design competition, the SAE Formula Hybrid event offers an opportunity for both design innovation and system engineering. To develop a concept for the competition, the ERAU team developed detailed simulations of the vehicle in Simulink. Since the competition allows a variety of energy storage devices, engines, fuels, driveline configurations, and control systems, the development of a system dynamics model was not straight-forward. Further, system components for this project are constrained by some rules and practical constraints. The vehicle configuration was selected to be a parallel hybrid using a 250cc gasoline engine and 7.2kW DC motor with 1500F ultra-capacitor energy storage, with an unusual control strategy. The results of the Simulink model were used to predict how this vehicle configuration compares to other design choices including alternative fuels, energy storage devices and control strategies. The performance of the actual vehicle at the 2008 SAE Formula Hybrid competition, which occurs May 2008, will be presented at the conference.


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