scholarly journals The supermassive black hole coincident with the luminous transient ASASSN-15lh

2018 ◽  
Vol 610 ◽  
pp. A14 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Krühler ◽  
M. Fraser ◽  
G. Leloudas ◽  
S. Schulze ◽  
N. C. Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Stellar Population ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Narrow Line ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Ionization Source ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
Gas Kinematics ◽  
Spatially Resolved

The progenitors of astronomical transients are linked to a specific stellar population and galactic environment, and observing their host galaxies hence constrains the physical nature of the transient itself. Here, we use imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope, and spatially resolved, medium-resolution spectroscopy from the Very Large Telescope obtained with X-shooter and MUSE to study the host of the very luminous transient ASASSN-15lh. The dominant stellar population at the transient site is old (around 1 to 2 Gyr) without signs of recent star formation. We also detect emission from ionized gas, originating from three different, time invariable, narrow components of collisionally excited metal and Balmer lines. The ratios of emission lines in the Baldwin-Phillips-Terlevich diagnostic diagram indicate that the ionization source is a weak active galactic nucleus with a black hole mass of M• = 5-3+8 × 108 M⊙, derived through the M•-σ relation. The narrow line components show spatial and velocity offsets on scales of 1 kpc and 500 km s-1, respectively; these offsets are best explained by gas kinematics in the narrow-line region. The location of the central component, which we argue is also the position of the supermassive black hole, aligns with that of the transient within an uncertainty of 170 pc. Using this positional coincidence as well as other similarities with the hosts of tidal disruption events, we strengthen the argument that the transient emission observed as ASASSN-15lh is related to the disruption of a star around a supermassive black hole, most probably spinning with a Kerr parameter a• ≳ 0.5.

scholarly journals A Bar Fuels a Supermassive Black Hole?: Host Galaxies of Narrow‐Line Seyfert 1 Galaxies

2007 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouji Ohta ◽  
Kentaro Aoki ◽  
Toshihiro Kawaguchi ◽  
Gaku Kiuchi
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Narrow Line ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole

scholarly journals WISDOM project – VII. Molecular gas measurement of the supermassive black hole mass in the elliptical galaxy NGC 7052

2021 ◽  
Vol 503 (4) ◽  
pp. 5984-5996
Author(s):  
Mark D Smith ◽  
Martin Bureau ◽  
Timothy A Davis ◽  
Michele Cappellari ◽  
Lijie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Elliptical Galaxy ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
Gas Kinematics ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Gas Measurement ◽  
Strong Gradient

ABSTRACT Supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses can be measured by resolving the dynamical influences of the SMBHs on tracers of the central potentials. Modern long-baseline interferometers have enabled the use of molecular gas as such a tracer. We present here Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the elliptical galaxy NGC 7052 at 0${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$11 ($37\,$pc) resolution in the 12CO(2-1) line and $1.3\,$ mm continuum emission. This resolution is sufficient to resolve the region in which the potential is dominated by the SMBH. We forward model these observations, using a multi-Gaussian expansion of a Hubble Space Telescope F814W image and a spatially constant mass-to-light ratio to model the stellar mass distribution. We infer an SMBH mass of $2.5\pm 0.3\times 10^{9}\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ and a stellar I-band mass-to-light ratio of $4.6\pm 0.2\, \mathrm{M_\odot /L_{\odot ,I}}$ (3σ confidence intervals). This SMBH mass is significantly larger than that derived using ionized gas kinematics, which however appears significantly more kinematically disturbed than the molecular gas. We also show that a central molecular gas deficit is likely to be the result of tidal disruption of molecular gas clouds due to the strong gradient in the central gravitational potential.

scholarly journals Morphological evolution of supermassive black hole merger hosts and multimessenger signatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 503 (3) ◽  
pp. 3629-3642
Author(s):  
Colin DeGraf ◽  
Debora Sijacki ◽  
Tiziana Di Matteo ◽  
Kelly Holley-Bockelmann ◽  
Greg Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Star Formation ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Full Range ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Galaxy Mergers ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole

ABSTRACT With projects such as Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) expected to detect gravitational waves from supermassive black hole mergers in the near future, it is key that we understand what we expect those detections to be, and maximize what we can learn from them. To address this, we study the mergers of supermassive black holes in the Illustris simulation, the overall rate of mergers, and the correlation between merging black holes and their host galaxies. We find these mergers occur in typical galaxies along the MBH−M* relation, and that between LISA and PTAs we expect to probe the full range of galaxy masses. As galaxy mergers can trigger star formation, we find that galaxies hosting low-mass black hole mergers tend to show a slight increase in star formation rates compared to a mass-matched sample. However, high-mass merger hosts have typical star formation rates, due to a combination of low gas fractions and powerful active galactic nucleus feedback. Although minor black hole mergers do not correlate with disturbed morphologies, major mergers (especially at high-masses) tend to show morphological evidence of recent galaxy mergers which survive for ∼500 Myr. This is on the same scale as the infall/hardening time of merging black holes, suggesting that electromagnetic follow-ups to gravitational wave signals may not be able to observe this correlation. We further find that incorporating a realistic time-scale delay for the black hole mergers could shift the merger distribution towards higher masses, decreasing the rate of LISA detections while increasing the rate of PTA detections.

scholarly journals LLAMA: The MBH–σ⋆ relation of the most luminous local AGNs

2020 ◽  
Vol 634 ◽  
pp. A114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turgay Caglar ◽  
Leonard Burtscher ◽  
Bernhard Brandl ◽  
Jarle Brinchmann ◽  
Richard I. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Broad Line ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Stellar Velocity ◽  
Black Hole Masses

Context. The MBH–σ⋆ relation is considered a result of coevolution between the host galaxies and their supermassive black holes. For elliptical bulge hosting inactive galaxies, this relation is well established, but there is still discussion concerning whether active galaxies follow the same relation. Aims. In this paper, we estimate black hole masses for a sample of 19 local luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs; LLAMA) to test their location on the MBH–σ⋆ relation. In addition, we test how robustly we can determine the stellar velocity dispersion in the presence of an AGN continuum and AGN emission lines, and as a function of signal-to-noise ratio. Methods. Supermassive black hole masses (MBH) were derived from the broad-line-based relations for Hα, Hβ, and Paβ emission line profiles for Type 1 AGNs. We compared the bulge stellar velocity dispersion (σ⋆) as determined from the Ca II triplet (CaT) with the dispersion measured from the near-infrared CO (2-0) absorption features for each AGN and find them to be consistent with each other. We applied an extinction correction to the observed broad-line fluxes and we corrected the stellar velocity dispersion by an average rotation contribution as determined from spatially resolved stellar kinematic maps. Results. The Hα-based black hole masses of our sample of AGNs were estimated in the range 6.34 ≤ log MBH ≤ 7.75 M⊙ and the σ⋆CaT estimates range between 73 ≤ σ⋆CaT ≤ 227 km s−1. From the so-constructed MBH − σ⋆ relation for our Type 1 AGNs, we estimate the black hole masses for the Type 2 AGNs and the inactive galaxies in our sample. Conclusions. We find that our sample of local luminous AGNs is consistent with the MBH–σ⋆ relation of lower luminosity AGNs and inactive galaxies, after correcting for dust extinction and the rotational contribution to the stellar velocity dispersion.

scholarly journals AGN feedback in numerical simulations

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (H15) ◽  
pp. 293-293
Author(s):  
Luca Ciotti
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Stellar Population ◽  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Elliptical Galaxies ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Continuous Source

AbstractThe passively evolving stellar population in elliptical galaxies (Es) provides a continuous source of fuel for accretion on the central supermassive black hole (SMBH), which is 1) extended over the entire galaxy life (but declining with cosmic time), 2) linearly proportional to the stellar mass of the host spheroid, 3) summing up to a total gas mass that is > 100 times larger than the currently observed SMBH masses, 4) available independently of merging events. The main results of numerical simulations of Es with central SMBH, in which a physically based implementation of radiative and mechanical feedback effects is considered, are presented.

scholarly journals Quasars, Feedback, and Galaxy Formation

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S267) ◽  
pp. 421-428
Author(s):  
Philip F. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
Analytic Models ◽  
Black Hole Masses

AbstractRecent observations of tight correlations between supermassive black hole masses and the properties of their host galaxies demonstrate that black holes and bulges are co-eval and have motivated theoretical models in which feedback from AGN activity regulates the black hole and host galaxy evolution. Combining simulations, analytic models, and recent observations, answers to a number of questions are starting to take shape: how do AGN get triggered? How long do they live? What are typical light curves and what sets them? Is feedback necessary and/or sufficient to regulate BH growth? What effects does that feedback have on the host galaxy? On the host halo? All of this also highlights questions that remain wide open: how does gas get from a few pc to the AGN? What are the actual microphysical mechanisms of feedback? What is the tradeoff between stellar and AGN feedback? And, if there are different “modes” of feedback, where/when are each important?

scholarly journals Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy of Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Host Galaxies

2017 ◽  
Vol 848 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scharwächter ◽  
B. Husemann ◽  
G. Busch ◽  
S. Komossa ◽  
M. A. Dopita
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Line ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy

scholarly journals A black hole fundamental plane

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S245) ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Philip F. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Elliptical Galaxies ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Fundamental Plane ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
The Masses

AbstractWe study observed correlations between supermassive black hole (BHs) and the properties of their host galaxies, and show that the observations define a BH “fundamental plane” (BHFP), of the form $\mbh\propto\sigma^{3.0\pm0.3}\,\re^{0.43\pm0.19}$ or $\mbh\propto\mstar^{0.54\pm0.17}\,\sigma^{2.2\pm0.5}$, analogous to the FP of elliptical galaxies. The BHFP is preferred over a simple relation between MBH and any of σ, M*, Mdyn, or Re alone at > 3 σ (99.9%) significance. The existence of this BHFP has important implications for the formation of supermassive BHs and the masses of the very largest black holes, and immediately resolves several apparent conflicts between the BH masses expected and measured for outliers in both the MBH − σ and MBH − M* relations.

scholarly journals The Diverse Morphology, Stellar Population, and Black Hole Scaling Relations of the Host Galaxies of Nearby Quasars

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Yulin Zhao ◽  
Luis C. Ho ◽  
Jinyi Shangguan ◽  
Minjin Kim ◽  
Dongyao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Stellar Population ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Host Galaxies

scholarly journals Chandra reveals a luminous Compton-thick QSO powering a Lyα blob in a z = 4 starbursting protocluster

2020 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. A149
Author(s):  
F. Vito ◽  
W. N. Brandt ◽  
B. D. Lehmer ◽  
C. Vignali ◽  
F. Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Nuclear Activity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
Nuclear Regions ◽  
Massive Outflow

Context. Galaxy clusters in the local universe descend from high-redshift overdense regions known as protoclusters. The large gas reservoirs and high rate of galaxy interaction in protoclusters are expected to enhance star-formation activity and trigger luminous supermassive black-hole accretion in the nuclear regions of the host galaxies. Aims. We investigated the active galactic nucleus (AGN) content of a gas-rich and starbursting protocluster at z = 4.002, known as the Distant Red Core (DRC). In particular, we search for luminous and possibly obscured AGN in 13 identified members of the structure, and compare the results with protoclusters at lower redshifts. We also test whether a hidden AGN can power the Lyα blob (LAB) detected with VLT/MUSE in the DRC. Methods. We observed all of the identified members of the structure with 139 ks of Chandra ACIS-S imaging. Being less affected by absorption than optical and IR bands, even in the presence of large column densities of obscuring material, X-ray observations are the best tools to detect ongoing nuclear activity in the DRC galaxies. Results. We detect obscured X-ray emission from the two most gas-rich members of the DRC, named DRC-1 and DRC-2. Both of them are resolved into multiple interacting clumps in high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter Array and Hubble Space Telescope observations. In particular, DRC-2 is found to host a luminous (L2−10 keV ≈ 3 × 1045 erg s−1 ) Compton-thick (NH ≳ 1024 cm−2) quasar (QSO) candidate, comparable to the most luminous QSOs known at all cosmic times. The AGN fraction among DRC members is consistent with results found for lower redshift protoclusters. However, X-ray stacking analysis reveals that supermassive black hole (SMBH) accretion is likely also taking place in other DRC galaxies that are not detected individually by Chandra. Conclusions. The luminous AGN detected in the most gas-rich galaxies in the DRC and the widespread SMBH accretion in the other members, which is suggested by stacking analysis, point toward the presence of a strong link between large gas reservoirs, galaxy interactions, and luminous and obscured nuclear activity in protocluster members. The powerful and obscured QSO detected in DRC-2 is likely powering the nearby LAB detected with VLT/MUSE, possibly through photoionization; however, we propose that the diffuse Lyα emission may be due to gas shocked by a massive outflow launched by DRC-2 over a ≈10 kpc scale.

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