The Influence of Biochar and Substrates Application on the Parameters and Yield of Mini-Tubers of the Charoit Potato Variety

The objects of research were potato meristem plants of the Charoite variety, mass and the number of mini-tubers grown on the “Agrobalt S” peat fertilizer and in a mixture of “ORVI” and biochar substrate in a closed greenhouse. A statistically significant effect of the use of this substrate and biochar on the increase in the number of standard mini-tubers relative to the control variant using only peat soil was established. The yield of standard tubers (9 – 60 mm) was 78 % when using “Agrobalt S” peat soil; 10 % of the substrate "ORVI" and 5 % of biochar, 78 %; 20 % of the substrate “ORVI” and 5 % of biochar, 77 %. A decrease in the standard material of mini-tubers of the Charoite variety against the background of an increase in quantitative indicators does not occur when using the substrate and biochar. Evaluation of latent viral infection of meristem plants and mini-tubers grown from them was performed by ELISA (Sandwich variant) in July and February and did not reveal latent infection in any of the variants. The determination of growing parameters was carried out a month after harvesting and showed that mini-tubers in all variants had no signs of the late blight disease, rhizoctonia disease, common scab, etc.

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Adaptive changes of the hair coat of the horses of zabaykalsky aborigenous breed

Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science ◽

10.26898/0370-8799-2019-4-11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 101-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. M. Shkyratova ◽

B. Z. Bazaron ◽

T. N. Khamiruev ◽

S. M. Dashinimaev

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Changes ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Skin Thickness ◽

Summer Period ◽

Hair Coat ◽

Skin Fold ◽

Winter Grazing ◽

Shoulder Blade ◽

Quantitative Indicators

The seasonal changes in the skin thickness and structure of the horses’ coat, as signs of adaptation to environmental factors, were studied. The experiment was carried out with the livestock kept in a herd using winter-grazing technology without additional feedings in the climatic conditions of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The objects of the research were adult mares of Zabaikalsky breed of horses of the same age, class and fatness. The studies were carried out in the middle of each season (May, July, October, February). The length of the coat was measured with a caliper, the coat itself with the determination of the ratio of hair (ﬂ uffy hair, heterotype hair and coarse hair) and the thickness of the skin fold were measured in accordance with the approved methodological recommendations. The minimum skin thickness in winter was detected in mares on the back and shoulder blade – 4.3 and 4.4 mm, the maximum – on the side and thigh – 4.5 4.6 mm. When compared with the summer period, the increase on the side was 0.8 mm, whereas on the back, shoulder blade and thigh – 0.4 mm (p ≤ 0,001). In spring, thickening of the skin was noted within 0.1-0.3 mm in the same topographic areas, compared to autumn. The quantitative indicators of the coat changed depending on the season of the year. In winter, the coat contained more ﬂ uffy hair (23.10%), and less coarse hair (68.24%), in summer there was a lower content of ﬂ uffy hair (4.33%), but more coarse hair (94.01%.) Sharp seasonal changes were noted with regard to the length of the hair. The longest hair was found in winter and spring – 4.96 and 4.26 cm, whereas the shortest – in summer and autumn – 0.94 and 1.90 cm, respectively.

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Evaluation of bio-agents and neem based products against late blight disease (Phytophthora infestans) of potato

Indian Phytopathology ◽

10.1007/s42360-021-00330-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 181-187

Author(s):

Mehi Lal ◽

Sorabh Chaudhary ◽

Sanjay Rawal ◽

Sanjeev Sharma ◽

Manoj Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Late Blight Disease ◽

Blight Disease

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Two new defensive constituents from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum)

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B ◽

10.1515/znb-2016-0234 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 393-396

Author(s):

Liangyan Liu ◽

Jun Han ◽

Yong Shen

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Late Blight ◽

Quantum Chemical ◽

Spectroscopic Analysis ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Late Blight Disease ◽

Blight Disease

AbstractTwo new defensive constituents, solatuberenol A (1) and 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl stigmasta-5(6),24(28)-diene (2), were isolated from the potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) infected with late blight disease. Their structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRMS, IR, UV, 1D/2D NMR, ECD and quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate activity against Phytophthora infestans with mycelia-growth inhibition of 30.1% and 52.4%, respectively, at the concentration of 500 ppm.

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Phenotypic Characterization of Recent Clonal Lineages of Phytophthora infestans in the United States

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-12-0682-re ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (7) ◽

pp. 873-881 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

G. Danies ◽

I. M. Small ◽

K. Myers ◽

R. Childers ◽

W. E. Fry

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

The United States ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Mating Types ◽

Late Blight Disease ◽

Blight Disease

Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease, has been reported in the United States and Canada since the mid-nineteenth century. Due to the lack of or very limited sexual reproduction, the populations of P. infestans in the United States are primarily reproducing asexually and, thus, show a simple genetic structure. The emergence of new clonal lineages of P. infestans (US-22, US-23, and US-24) responsible for the late blight epidemics in the northeastern region of the United States in the summers of 2009 and 2010 stimulated an investigation into phenotypic traits associated with these genotypes. Mating type, differences in sensitivity to mefenoxam, differences in pathogenicity on potato and tomato, and differences in rate of germination were studied for clonal lineages US-8, US-22, US-23, and US-24. Both A1 and A2 mating types were detected. Lineages US-22, US-23, and US-24 were generally sensitive to mefenoxam while US-8 was resistant. US-8 and US-24 were primarily pathogenic on potato while US-22 and US-23 were pathogenic on both potato and tomato. Indirect germination was favored at lower temperatures (5 and 10°C) whereas direct germination, though uncommon, was favored at higher temperatures (20 and 25°C). Sporangia of US-24 released zoospores more rapidly than did sporangia of US-22 and US-23. The association of characteristic phenotypic traits with genotype enables the prediction of phenotypic traits from rapid genotypic analyses for improved disease management.

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The Assessment of Potato Late Blight Disease in Western Amhara Region, Ethiopia

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3882375 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gebremariam Asaye Emrie ◽

Merkuz Abera Admassu ◽

Adane Tesfaye Lema

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Potato Late Blight ◽

Amhara Region ◽

Late Blight Disease ◽

Blight Disease

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A Study on Factors Influencing the Determination of Moisture Content of Fibrous Peat

Journal of Civil Engineering Science and Technology ◽

10.33736/jcest.93.2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 39-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pui Tau Shien ◽

Seneviratne H.N. ◽

Dygku Salma Awg Ismail

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Particle Density ◽

Peat Soil ◽

Test Procedure ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Standard Test ◽

Moisture Loss ◽

Fibrous Peat ◽

Saturated Sample

Fibrous peat is an undrained peat that usually possesses very high moisture content. However, not all experimental procedures are applicable for determination of moisture content of fibrous peat. This research is aimed at examining the determination of insitu moisture content of fibrous peat using field measurements. The peat soil samples were collected at shallow depths from Asajaya at Kota Samarahan and Taman Kopodims at Matang , Kuching Sarawak by using peat auger. The laboratory tests such as determination of moisture content, fiber content, particle density and ash content were conducted on the collected samples in order to establish relationships between the parameters. Undisturbed peat samples from Matang were subjected to falling head permeability test to determine the saturated permeability. The saturated sample were then allowed to drain freely to simulate the moisture loss possible during sampling when samples were brought out of boreholes. The test results showed that moisture content varies according to the drying temperature and position of the soil sample (top, middle and bottom) during sampling. Comparing samples from both locations, peat soil from Kota Samarahan possessed higher moisture content. The saturated permeability of peat sample was in the range of 2.62 – 3.05 cm/s. The free draining trial showed that moisture loss during sampling significantly influence the moisture content measurement. The variation in value of moisture content for fibrous peat may occurs due to several factors such as existing ground water table, sampling method by boring, existing standard test procedure which is not suitable for peat soils requirement and also because of the physical properties which varied according to depth of soil.

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Plant pathogen effector utilizes host susceptibility factor NRL1 to degrade the immune regulator SWAP70

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1808585115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 (33) ◽

pp. E7834-E7843 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Qin He ◽

Shaista Naqvi ◽

Hazel McLellan ◽

Petra C. Boevink ◽

Nicolas Champouret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Dominant Negative ◽

Host Protein ◽

Host Susceptibility ◽

Dominant Negative Mutant ◽

Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽

Pathogen Effector ◽

Late Blight Disease ◽

Blight Disease

Plant pathogens deliver effectors into plant cells to suppress immunity. Whereas many effectors inactivate positive immune regulators, other effectors associate with negative regulators of immunity: so-called susceptibility (S) factors. Little is known about how pathogens exploit S factors to suppress immunity. Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector Pi02860 interacts with host protein NRL1, which is an S factor whose activity suppresses INF1-triggered cell death (ICD) and is required for late blight disease. We show that NRL1 interacts in yeast and in planta with a guanine nucleotide exchange factor called SWAP70. SWAP70 associates with endosomes and is a positive regulator of immunity. Virus-induced gene silencing of SWAP70 in Nicotiana benthamiana enhances P. infestans colonization and compromises ICD. In contrast, transient overexpression of SWAP70 reduces P. infestans infection and accelerates ICD. Expression of Pi02860 and NRL1, singly or in combination, results in proteasome-mediated degradation of SWAP70. Degradation of SWAP70 is prevented by silencing NRL1, or by mutation of Pi02860 to abolish its interaction with NRL1. NRL1 is a BTB-domain protein predicted to form the substrate adaptor component of a CULLIN3 ubiquitin E3 ligase. A dimerization-deficient mutant, NRL1NQ, fails to interact with SWAP70 but maintains its interaction with Pi02860. NRL1NQ acts as a dominant-negative mutant, preventing SWAP70 degradation in the presence of effector Pi02860, and reducing P. infestans infection. Critically, Pi02860 enhances the association between NRL1 and SWAP70 to promote proteasome-mediated degradation of the latter and, thus, suppress immunity. Preventing degradation of SWAP70 represents a strategy to combat late blight disease.

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