scholarly journals BOREAL, Bio-reinforcement of embankments by biocalcification

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Annette Esnault Filet ◽  
Ira Gutjahr ◽  
Aurélie Garandet ◽  
Amandine Viglino ◽  
Rémi Béguin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Program ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Soil Consolidation ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Prime Objective

Biocalcification is a recent in-situ soil consolidation solution. It is obtained by calcite precipitation under controlled biogeochemical conditions. The industrial process, for whose implementation Soletanche Bachy holds several patents, has been validated by several experiments, initially on laboratory scale and later in situ on industrial scale under static groundwater conditions. However, it was necessary to adjust the process to make it effective for use in embankments due to the potentially high ground water flows that may be present. This is one of the main aspects addressed by the BOREAL project (Bio-reinforcement of backfilled hydraulic structures), a 4-year research and development program. Injection tests performed on a 1:1 scale in a physical model allowed for the validation of the process’ feasibility in various soil types and configurations as well as under several hydraulic flow conditions. The prime objective of the process is to help mitigate erosion and liquefaction risks. The project’s results are applicable to saturated and non-saturated soils. The areas of application of the process and its objectives in terms of treatment are also discussed in the article.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Discriminant Analysis in the Morphometric Differentiation of Six Native Freshwater Species from Ecuador

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Ana Gonzalez-Martinez ◽  
Carmen De-Pablos-Heredero ◽  
Martin González ◽  
Jorge Rodriguez ◽  
Cecilio Barba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Hydrographic Basin ◽  
Wilks Lambda ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
Morphometric Differentiation ◽  
Discriminant Power

The aim of this research was to find out the morphometric differentiation of six native freshwater species in the Guayas Hydrographic Basin (Ecuador) by means of discriminant analysis. A total of 1355 mature fishes (Cichlasoma festae, Andinoacara rivulatus, Dormitator latifrons, Bryncon dentex, Hoplias microlepis and Leporinus ecuadorensis) were captured and 27 morphometric measurements and 20 landmarks were used. Two-way analysis of variance with species and sex as fixed factors and discriminant analysis were applied. The selection of the most discriminant variables was made applying the F of Snedecor, Wilks’-Lambda and the 1-Tolerance. While sex within species had no significant effect on the morphology, differences among species were significant. Twenty-seven morphological variables showed highly significant differences among six native freshwater species. Nine biometric variables with high discriminant power were selected. The six species analyzed were discriminated by the morphometric models generated, thus showing that discriminant analysis was useful for differentiating species. The morphometric differentiation by discriminant analysis is a direct, simple and economic methodology to be applied in situ in rural communities. It favors the implementation of a livestock development program and it could be used with other native freshwater species in the Guayas Hydrographic Basin.

Adherence of platelets to in situ albumin-binding surfaces under flow conditions: role of surface-adsorbed albumin

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 045007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjukta Guha Thakurta ◽  
Robert Miller ◽  
Anuradha Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Albumin Binding ◽  
Flow Conditions

scholarly journals Modification of Classical Horseshoe Spillways: Experimental Study and Design Optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2093-2109
Author(s):  
Vahid Hassanzadeh Vayghan ◽  
Ali Saber ◽  
Soroosh Mortazavian
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Jump ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Flow Passage ◽  
Water Head ◽  
Cubic Polynomial ◽  
Polynomial Models ◽  
Discharge Efficiency

Investigation of the hydraulic aspects of spillways is one of the important issues regarding hydraulic structures. This study presents a modified horseshoe spillway (MHS) constructed by adding a flow passage and an internal weir in the bed of a classical horseshoe spillway (CHS). This modification increased the discharge efficiency and eliminated the rooster-tail hydraulic jump in CHSs. Eighteen laboratory-scale MHSs in various geometric sizes, six various CHSs, and a rectangular weir of the same width were constructed and tested under the same flow conditions. Results showed that in terms of discharge efficiency and water head reduction, CHSs and MHSs were superior to the rectangular weir. Compared to CHSs, the increased discharge flowrate in MHSs due to the internal weirs could further reduce the water head and thus increased their overall efficiencies. Design parameters effecting spillways’ discharge efficiencies were investigated based on dimensional analysis. The internal to external weir length ratio in MHSs was found to be a key design factor. To determine the optimal geometric design of CHS and MHS models, cubic polynomial models considering dimensionless parameters and their interactions were fitted to the experimental results. The cubic models revealed that higher discharge efficiencies in MHSs tended to occur at relatively low water heads and high internal to external weir lengths ratios.

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