Hydraulic structures: 1. Air–water flows

2004 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Water Flows

Effect of Entrained Air on Cavitation Damage

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Russell ◽  
G. J. Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Cavitation Damage ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Velocity Flow ◽  
High Head ◽  
Entrained Air

When water flows at high velocity over a surface, quite small boundary irregularities may trigger cavitation which can, in turn, cause extensive damage. Concrete surfaces downstream from high head outlet gates are particularly vulnerable to cavitation damage.Operating experience and previous experimental work suggest that cavitation damage can be greatly reduced and, in some cases, eliminated by entrained air in the water.Experiments were carried out with a special high head test facility in Vancouver to obtain additional data on the effect of air entrainment. These tests confirmed its effectiveness. In this paper, previous evidence is reviewed, the experiments are described, and the results presented. Finally suggestions are made about the design of hydraulic structures which involve high velocity flow.

scholarly journals CONTROL AND METHODOLOGY OF MODELING HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES IN THE ESTUARIES OF RIVERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
D. A. Antonenkov ◽  
◽  
A. E. Shchodro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Flow Stream

The article presents the methodology of hydrological modeling of water flows for constructing flow plans in the design of hydraulic structures. On the basis of these calculations, both the specific costs of bottom and suspended sediments in each flow stream and the deformation of the riverbed at various points in time can be determined. The results of experiments with spatial models of river sections are considered. The developed technique makes it possible to calculate the deformation of the bottom and shores and form a flow organization scheme, which, due to an increase in velocities in some section of the channel, ensures sediment transport to more remote areas of the seashore, up to the open sea.

scholarly journals BOREAL, Bio-reinforcement of embankments by biocalcification

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Annette Esnault Filet ◽  
Ira Gutjahr ◽  
Aurélie Garandet ◽  
Amandine Viglino ◽  
Rémi Béguin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Program ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Soil Consolidation ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Prime Objective

Biocalcification is a recent in-situ soil consolidation solution. It is obtained by calcite precipitation under controlled biogeochemical conditions. The industrial process, for whose implementation Soletanche Bachy holds several patents, has been validated by several experiments, initially on laboratory scale and later in situ on industrial scale under static groundwater conditions. However, it was necessary to adjust the process to make it effective for use in embankments due to the potentially high ground water flows that may be present. This is one of the main aspects addressed by the BOREAL project (Bio-reinforcement of backfilled hydraulic structures), a 4-year research and development program. Injection tests performed on a 1:1 scale in a physical model allowed for the validation of the process’ feasibility in various soil types and configurations as well as under several hydraulic flow conditions. The prime objective of the process is to help mitigate erosion and liquefaction risks. The project’s results are applicable to saturated and non-saturated soils. The areas of application of the process and its objectives in terms of treatment are also discussed in the article.

Uniform Water Flows within Rectangular Open Channels of Composite Roughness

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
Demetriou J Demetriou J ◽  
◽  
Retsinis E Retsinis E
Keyword(s):  
Open Channels ◽  
Water Flows

METHODS OF FORECAST CALCULATION OF GROUND WATER BACKWATER IN THE ZONE OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES INFLUENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
N.P. KARPENKO ◽  
◽  
M.A. SHIRYAEVA
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Hydraulic Structure ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Software Model ◽  
Computational Program ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Zone Of Influence

The purpose of the work is to consider methods for calculating the forecast of groundwater backwater in the zone of influence of hydraulic structures. The analysis of analytical dependences of calculation of the forecast of groundwater backwater for various calculation schemes is carried out. For a homogeneous scheme of the geofiltration structure, a numerical model is proposed and a computational program for calculating the groundwater backwater is developed. It allows calculating the groundwater backwater from the channel at any time in the discrete mode. To simplify the solution of the problem of calculating the groundwater backwater, a computer program was created in the programming language Phyton Version 8.3 which quickly solves this hydrogeological problem. A possible range of geofiltration parameters is proposed for calculating the groundwater backwater near main channels. The adaptation and implementation of the software model was carried out for a specific object – the Bolshoy Stavropol channel-5, for which forecast calculations were made. The results of predictive calculations of groundwater backwater are the basis for the assessment of areas of possible flooding – the territory within which the level of ground water increases as a result of their backup by a hydraulic structure.

Shape Optimization of Hydraulic Structures: an Example of an Optimum Design of a Fish Passage

10.29007/2k64 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Prodanovic ◽  
Cedric Goeury ◽  
Fabrice Zaoui ◽  
Riadh Ata ◽  
Jacques Fontaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Shape Optimization ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Design Variables

This paper presents a practical methodology developed for shape optimization studies of hydraulic structures using environmental numerical modelling codes. The methodology starts by defining the optimization problem and identifying relevant problem constraints. Design variables in shape optimization studies are configuration of structures (such as length or spacing of groins, orientation and layout of breakwaters, etc.) whose optimal orientation is not known a priori. The optimization problem is solved numerically by coupling an optimization algorithm to a numerical model. The coupled system is able to define, test and evaluate a multitude of new shapes, which are internally generated and then simulated using a numerical model. The developed methodology is tested using an example of an optimum design of a fish passage, where the design variables are the length and the position of slots. In this paper an objective function is defined where a target is specified and the numerical optimizer is asked to retrieve the target solution. Such a definition of the objective function is used to validate the developed tool chain. This work uses the numerical model TELEMAC- 2Dfrom the TELEMAC-MASCARET suite of numerical solvers for the solution of shallow water equations, coupled with various numerical optimization algorithms available in the literature.

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